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Decision and control in distributed cooperative systemsBallal, Prasanna M. January 2008 (has links)
Thesis ( Ph.D. ) -- University of Texas at Arlington, 2008.
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A geometric study of abnormality in optimal control problems for control and mechanical control systemsBarbero Liñán, María 19 December 2008 (has links)
Durant els darrers quaranta anys la geometria diferencial ha estat una eina fonamental per entendre la teoria de control òptim. Habitualment la millor estratègia per resoldre un problema és transformar-lo en un altre problema que sigui més tractable. El Principi del Màxim de Pontryagin proporciona al problema de control òptim d’una estructura
Hamiltoniana. Les solucions del problema Hamiltonià que satisfan unes determinades propietats són candidates a ésser solucions del problema de control òptim. Aquestes corbes candidates reben el nom d’extremals. Per tant, el Principi del Màxim de Pontryagin aixeca el problema original a l’espai cotangent.
En aquesta tesi desenvolupem una demostració completa i geomètrica del Principi del Màxim de Pontryagin. Investiguem cuidadosament els punts més delicats de la demostració, que per exemple inclouen les perturbacions
del controls, l’aproximació lineal del conjunt de punts accessibles i la condició de separació.
Entre totes les solucions d’un problema de control òptim, existeixen les corbes anormals. Aquestes corbes no depenen de la funció de cost que es vol minimitzar, sinó que només depenen de la geometria del sistema de control.
En la literatura de control òptim, existeixen estudis sobre l’anormalitat, tot i que només per a sistemes lineals o afins en el controls i sobretot amb funcions de cost quadràtiques en els controls. Nosaltres descrivim un mètode geomètric nou per caracteritzar tots els diferents tipus d’extremals (no només les anormals) de problemes de control òptim genèrics. Aquest mètode s’obté com una adaptació d’un algoritme de lligadures presimplèctic. El nostre interès en les corbes anormals es degut a les corbes òptimes estrictament anormals, les quals també queden caracteritzades mitjançant l’algoritme descrit en aquesta tesi.
Com aplicació del mètode mencionat, caracteritzem les extremals d’un problema de control òptim lliure, aquell on el domini de definició no està donat. En concret, els problemes de temps mínim són problemes de control òptim lliures.
A més a més, som capaços de donar una corba extremal estrictament anormal aplicant el mètode descrit per a un sistema mecànic.
Un cop la noció d’anormalitat ha estat estudiada en general, ens concentrem en l’estudi de l’anormalitat per a sistemes de control mecànics, perquè no existeixen resultats sobre l’existència de corbes òptimes estrictament anormals per a problemes de control òptim associats a aquests sistemes. En aquesta tesi es donen resultats sobre les extremals anormals quan la funció de cost és quadràtica en els controls o si el funcional a minimitzar és el temps.
A més a més, la caracterització d’anormals en casos particulars és descrita mitjançant elements geomètrics com les formes quadràtiques vector valorades. Aquests elements geomètrics apareixen com a resultat d’aplicar el mètode descrit en aquesta tesi.
També tractem un altre enfocament de l’estudi de l’anormalitat de sistemes de control mecànics, que consisteix a aprofitar l’equivalència que existeix entre els sistemes de control noholònoms i els sistemes de control cinemàtics.
Provem l’equivalència entre els problemes de control òptim associats a ambdós sistemes de control i això permet establir relacions entre les corbes extremals del problema nonholònom i del cinemàtic. Aquestes relacions permeten donar un example d’una corba òptima estrictament anormal en un problema de temps mínim per a sistemes de control mecànics.
Finalment, i deixant de banda per un moment l’anormalitat, donem una formulació geomètrica dels problemes de control òptim no autònoms mitjançant la formulació unificada de Skinner-Rusk. La formulació descrita en aquesta tesis és fins i tot aplicable a sistemes de control implícits que apareixen en un gran nombre de problemes de control òptim dins de l’àmbit de l’enginyeria, com per exemple els sistemes Lagrangians controlats i els sistemes descriptors. / Durante los últimos cuarenta años la geometría diferencial ha sido una herramienta para entender la teoría de control óptimo. Habitualmente la mejor estrategia para resolver un problema es transformarlo en otro problema que sea más tratable. El Principio del Máximo de Pontryagin dota al problema de control óptimo de una estructura Hamiltoniana.
Las soluciones del problema Hamiltoniano que satisfagan determinadas propiedades son candidatas a ser soluciones del problema de control óptimo. Estas curvas candidatas se llaman extremales. Por lo tanto, el Principio del Máximo de Pontryagin levanta el problema original al espacio cotangente.
En esta tesis doctoral, desarrollamos una demostración completa y geométrica del Principio del Máximo de Pontryagin. Investigamos minuciosamente los puntos delicados de la demostración, como son las perturbaciones de los controles, la aproximación lineal del conjunto de puntos alcanzables y la condición de separación.
Entre todas las soluciones de un problema de control óptimo, existen las curvas anormales. Estas curvas no dependen de la función de coste que se quiere minimizar, sino que sólo dependen de la geometría del sistema de control. En la literatura de control óptimo existen estudios sobre la anormalidad, aunque sólo para sistemas lineales o afines en los controles y fundamentalmente con funciones de costes cuadráticas en los controles. Nosotros presentamos un método geométrico nuevo para caracterizar todos los distintos tipos de extremales (no sólo las anormales) de problemas de control óptimo genéricos. Este método es resultado de adaptar un algoritmo de ligaduras presimpléctico. Nuestro interés en las extremales anormales es debido a las curvas óptimas estrictamente anormales, las cuales también pueden ser caracterizadas mediante el algoritmo descrito en esta tesis.
Como aplicación del método mencionado en el párrafo anterior, caracterizamos las extremales de un problema de control óptimo libre, aquél donde el dominio de definición de las curvas no está dado. En particular, los problemas de tiempo óptimo son problemas de control óptimo libre. Además, somos capaces de dar un ejemplo de una curva extremal estrictamente anormal aplicando el método descrito.
Una vez la noción de anormalidad en general ha sido estudiada, nos centramos en el estudio de la anormalidad para sistemas de control mecánicos, ya que no existen resultados sobre la existencia de curvas óptimales estrictamente anormales para problemas de control óptimo asociados a estos sistemas. En esta tesis, se dan resultados sobre las extremales anormales cuando la función de coste es cuadrática en los controles o el funcional a minimizar es el tiempo. Además, la caracterización de las anormales en casos particulares es descrita por medio de elementos geométricos como las formas cuadráticas vector valoradas. Dichos elementos geométricos aparecen como consecuencia del método descrito para caracterizar las extremales.
También se considera otro enfoque para el estudio de la anormalidad de sistemas de control mecánicos, que consiste en aprovechar la equivalencia que existe entre sistemas de control noholónomos y sistemas de control cinemáticos. Se prueba la equivalencia entre problemas de control óptimo asociados a ambos sistemas de control, lo que permite establecer relaciones entre las extremales del problema noholónomo y las extremales del problema cinemático. Estas relaciones permiten dar un ejemplo de una curva optimal estrictamente anormal en un problema de tiempo óptimo para sistemas de control mecánicos.
Por último, olvidándonos por un momento de la anormalidad, se describe una formulación geométrica de los problemas de control óptimo no autónomos aprovechando la formulación unificada de Skinner-Rusk. Esta formulación es incluso válida para sistemas de control implícitos que aparecen en numerosos problemas de control óptimo de ámbito ingenieril, como por ejemplo, los sistemas Lagrangianos controlados y los sistemas descriptores. / For the last forty years, differential geometry has provided a means of understanding optimal control theory. Usually the best strategy to solve a difficult problem is to transform it into a different problem that can be dealt with more easily. Pontryagin's Maximum Principle provides the optimal control problem with a Hamiltonian structure. The solutions to the Hamiltonian problem, satisfying particular conditions, are candidates to be solutions to the optimal control problem. These candidates are called extremals. Thus, Pontryagin's Maximum Principle lifts the original problem to the cotangent bundle.
In this thesis, we develop a complete geometric proof of Pontryagin's Maximum Principle. We investigate carefully the crucial points in the proof such as the perturbations of the controls, the linear approximation of the reachable set and the separation condition.
Among all the solutions to an optimal control problem, there exist the abnormal curves. These do not depend on the cost function we want to minimize, but only on the geometry of the control system. Some work has been done in the study of abnormality, although only for control-linear and control-affine systems with mainly control-quadratic cost functions. Here we present a novel geometric method to characterize all the different kinds of extremals (not only the abnormal ones) in general optimal control problems. This method is an adaptation of the presymplectic constraint algorithm. Our interest in the abnormal curves is with the strict abnormal minimizers. These last minimizers can be characterized by the geometric algorithm presented in this thesis.
As an application of the above-mentioned method, we characterize the extremals for the free optimal control problems that include, in particular, the time-optimal control problem. Moreover, an example of an strict abnormal extremal for a control-affine system is found using the geometric method.
Furthermore, we focus on the description of abnormality for optimal control problems for mechanical control systems, because no results about the existence of strict abnormal minimizers are known for these problems. Results about the abnormal extremals are given when the cost function is control-quadratic or the time must be minimized. In this dissertation, the abnormality is characterized in particular cases through geometric constructions such as vectorvalued quadratic forms that appear as a result of applying the previous geometric procedure.
The optimal control problems for mechanical control systems are also tackled taking advantage of the equivalence between nonholonomic control systems and kinematic control systems. In this thesis, it is found an equivalence between time-optimal control problems for both control systems. The results allow us to give an example of a local strict abnormal minimizer in a time-optimal control problem for a mechanical control system.
Finally, setting aside the abnormality, the non-autonomous optimal control problem is described geometrically using the Skinner-Rusk unified formalism. This approach is valid for implicit control systems that arise in optimal control problems for the controlled Lagrangian systems and for descriptor systems. Both systems are common in engineering problems.
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Challenges and Solutions for Complex Gigabit FTI NetworksCranley, Nikki 10 1900 (has links)
ITC/USA 2011 Conference Proceedings / The Forty-Seventh Annual International Telemetering Conference and Technical Exhibition / October 24-27, 2011 / Bally's Las Vegas, Las Vegas, Nevada / This paper presents a case study of an FTI system with complex requirements in terms of the data acquisition, recording, and post-analysis. Gigabit Ethernet was the technology of choice to facilitate such a system. Recording in a Gigabit Ethernet environment raises a fresh challenge to perform fast data reduction and data mining for post-flight analysis. This paper describes the Quick Access Recorder used in this system and how it addresses this challenge.
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Distributed decision and communication problems in tactical USAF command and control : annual technical report for period ...January 1900 (has links)
Alexander H. Levis [et al.]. / Prepared for Air Force [Office] of Scientific Research, Bolling Air Force Base, Washington, D.C. Contract AFOSR - 80-0229. / Description based on: July 1981/June 1982.
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Switched for Networked FTICranley, Nikki 10 1900 (has links)
ITC/USA 2010 Conference Proceedings / The Forty-Sixth Annual International Telemetering Conference and Technical Exhibition / October 25-28, 2010 / Town and Country Resort & Convention Center, San Diego, California / Ethernet technology offers numerous benefits for networked Flight Test Instrumentation (FTI) systems such as increased data rates, flexibility, scalability and most importantly interoperability owing to the inherent interface, protocol and technological standardization. In a networked FTI system, the switch is a key component that allows data to be routed between Data Acquisition Units (DAU's), networked recorders, data processing and analysis stations. This paper provides an introduction to network switching concepts with a focus on its operation in a networked FTI system. The features of Commercial Off-The-Shelf (COTS) and FTI switches are compared demonstrating the benefits of FTI switches in terms of reliability, routing, throughput, latency, and start-up delays.
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Recording in the iNET Architecture: Moving to the Future of RecordingCranley, Nikki, Corry, Diarmuid 10 1900 (has links)
ITC/USA 2010 Conference Proceedings / The Forty-Sixth Annual International Telemetering Conference and Technical Exhibition / October 25-28, 2010 / Town and Country Resort & Convention Center, San Diego, California / At the heart of many networked Flight Test Instrumentation (FTI) systems is the Network- Recorder. The high data rates typical in networked FTI systems put increased demands on the Network-Recorder to support ever faster read and write rates. However, thanks to the developments in CompactFlash and SATA technologies, such recording rates are achievable in the Network-Recorder. This paper discusses several ways in which the recorder can be optimized to improve the memory capacity usage, writing speed and relevance of the recorded data.
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Gestão do comportamento humano: um estudo realizado na cozinha de um restaurante localizado no estado do Rio de JaneiroAndo, Doris 13 May 2016 (has links)
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TCC Doris Leina.pdf: 674411 bytes, checksum: 7fd0ecf6f488e787600addf26b5c5929 (MD5) / O presente trabalho tem por objetivo investigar as políticas de gestão de pessoas na cozinha de um restaurante no estado do Rio de Janeiro. O empreendimento escolhido faz parte de uma rede conceituada no mercado de restauração, de porte médio, localizado em um shopping, com tipologia de um restaurante tradicional e apresenta um cardápio bem diversificado. Com cerca de 60 funcionários, o setor de gestão de pessoas do restaurante torna-se peça chave na dinâmica da empresa. Para realização do presente estudo, adotou-se o método qualitativo, sendo a pesquisa do tipo exploratória. Os instrumentos de coleta de dados foram entrevista semiestruturada aplicada aos funcionários do restaurante estudado, observação participante sistemática a partir da experiência da pesquisadora na empresa e análise documental do material adquirido pela pesquisadora. Das informações obtidas elaborou-se a análise qualitativa dos resultados que originaram quatro categorias, que representam a recorrência dos assuntos observados nos dados coletados, entre elas: Liderança, Elementos (Des) estruturais, Treinamento e Sistema de Recompensas, que apontaram resultados contraditórios ao que se propõe o restaurante estudado. / This study aims to investigate management policies regarding kitchen workers in a restaurant in the state of Rio de Janeiro. The chosen business establishment is part of a prestigious network in the catering market, medium size, located in a shopping Center, categorized as a traditional restaurant featuring a diverse menu. The restaurant's personnel management becomes a key part in the dynamics of the company as it is responsible for approximately sixty full-time employees. To carry out this study, the qualitative method was adopted, along with an exploratory research. The instruments for data collection was a semi-structured interview applied to all kitchen staff of the restaurant, as well as a systematic observation during the researcher's experience inside the company, and the analysis of all the gathered material. From the information obtained it was determined a qualitative analysis that yielded four main categories that represents recurring issues observed within the collected data, including: Leadership, (Un)Structural Elements, Training and Rewards System, pointing to contradictory results regarding the company's purpose.
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XML: A GLOBAL STANDARD FOR THE FLIGHT TEST COMMUNITYCorry, Diarmuid, Cooke, Alan 10 1900 (has links)
International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 18-21, 2004 / Town & Country Resort, San Diego, California / Much effort has been spent on developing physical layer standards to ease multi-vendor
inter-operability. However as anyone familiar with real-life system integration knows a
large gap exists in defining system configuration and set-up, not just between vendors but
also between different groups on the base.
Different solutions to this problem have been attempted (for example TMATS).
However, the emergence of XML (eXtensible Markup Language) as a commercial
standard presents a new opportunity to define a powerful and extensible tool for data-interchange
between different systems.
This paper introduces the self-documenting standard for information exchange that is
XML. A generic model for flight test data acquisition is presented. Finally, an XML
vocabulary (or schema) based on this model is proposed. This schema could form the
basis for an industry wide XML standard to simplify the problem of data interchange
between vendors, between programs, even between different databases in the same
organisation.
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Experimental investigation of microstructural changes in deforming granular media using x-ray tomography / Étude expérimentale de l'évolution de la microstructure d'un milieu granulaire sous chargement mécanique à l'aide de la tomographie RXAndo, Edward 05 February 2013 (has links)
Cette thèse présente un travail expérimental dans le domaine de la mécanique des milieux granulaires.Ce travail introduit une nouveauté fondamentale: durant la déformation d’échantillonsde sable en compression triaxiale classique, leur micro-structure est enregistrée par tomographieà rayons-x en environ 15 étapes de déformation différentes.Afin que tous les grains d’un échantillon soient individuellement visibles dans les imagesde tomographie, les échantillons sont considérablement réduits pour qu’ils mesurent 11 mm endiamètre et 22 mm en hauteur. Cela permet d’identifier et d’individualiser tous les plus decinquante mille grains d’un échantillon.Dans ce travail expérimental, une série d’essais triaxiaux a été réalisée sur trois sables naturels(le sable d’Hostun, le sable d’Ottawa et des Caicos ooids, tous à partir des états initiauxrelativement denses), à deux valeurs de pression de confinement différents (100 et 300 kPa).Dans les images 3D résultantes de la reconstruction des acquisitions tomographiques réaliséesau cours de chaque essai, les grains sont identifiés dans chaque état en utilisant un algorithmede type watershed (ligne de partage des eaux) classique. À partir de ces données discrétisées,des techniques ont été mises au point pour caractériser les contacts grain-à-grain mais aussipour mesurer la cinématique de tous les grains identifiés entre les états pour lesquels des imagestridimensionnelles existent. La cinématique des grains est mesurée avec deux outils spécialementdéveloppés: “ID-Track” suit les grains et donne leurs déplacements; cette information est ensuitenécessaire pour une technique hybride de corrélation d’images discrète pour mesurer la rotationde chaque grain.Des mesures à l’échelle du grain sont présentées en détail pour un essai, et sont ensuitecomparées à des essais dans des conditions différentes. L’objectif est de mettre en évidence lesmicro-mécanismes responsables des différents comportements macroscopiques observés pour cesmatériaux. Cette comparaison met en évidence certains micro-mécanismes importants tels que,par exemple, la déformation d’un échantillon. Celle-ci est concentrée dans une bande de cisaillementbien développée qui correspond à une bande de grains avec des rotations intenses. Dans unéchantillon de grains arrondis, cette bande – définie par des grains – est très nette. Par contre,avec des grains anguleux, les rotations des grains dans la bande “polluent” les grains voisins;leur forme facilite l’engrenage entre grains, qui limite aussi les grosses rotations individuelles desgrains. Cette différence de mécanisme de déformation est utilisée pour expliquer la différencedans la contrainte résiduelle observée à macro-échelle. Des signes de déformation localisée sontsystématiquement observés en train de se produire avant le pic de déformation des échantillons etdes systèmes complexes de chaînes de rotations de grains (qui correspondent aussi à une mesurelocale de déformation calculée avec les déplacements des grains) sont remarquées autour du picde la réponse macroscopique de chaque échantillon. / This doctoral thesis presents an experimental investigation into the mechanics of granular media.The novelty that this work brings is that the specimens of sand tested in this work are systematicallyand non-destructively imaged using x-ray tomography. Sample size is considerably reducedfrom standard (specimens measure approximately 22 mm height by 11 mm diameter), allowingentire specimens to be scanned at a sufficiently high resolution to identify all the grains (morethan fifty thousand) in each specimen.A campaign of triaxial compression tests has been run on a series of three different naturalsands with different grain shapes (Hostun sand, Ottawa sand and Caicos ooids – all prepared atrelatively dense initial states), and tested at 100 or 300 kPa cell pressure. In each test around 15x-ray scans are performed. In the 3D images resulting from the reconstruction of the x-ray scansperformed, grains are identified each state using a standard watershed algorithm. Starting fromthese discretised data, techniques are developed in order characterise grain-to-grain contacts,as well as to measure the kinematics of all the identified grains between imaged states. Grainkinematics are measured with two specifically-developed tools: “ID-Track” to track grains yieldingtheir displacements, and a discrete image correlation technique to measure grain rotations.Grain-scale measurements are reported in detail for one test, and are then compared to testsin different conditions, in order to highlight the micro-mechanisms responsible for the observedmacroscopic behaviour. This comparison highlights some important micro-scale mechanisms suchas the increasing rotational frustration of more angular grains when the sample’s deformation isconcentrated in a fully developed shear band; this is used to explain to some extent the highervalue of their residual stress for these materials. Signs of localised deformation are seen to occurwell before the peak in many samples, and complex patterns of rotating grains (which match alocal, grain-based measurement of strain) are noticed around the peak of each sample’s response.
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Trajectory Tracking Control of Hamiltonian and Hybrid Control Systems / ハミルトン系とハイブリッド系の軌道追従制御 / ハミルトンケイ ト ハイブリッドケイ ノ キドウ ツイジュウ セイギョSakurama, Kazunori 23 March 2004 (has links)
Kyoto University (京都大学) / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(情報学) / 甲第11003号 / 情博第103号 / 新制||情||25(附属図書館) / UT51-2004-G850 / 京都大学大学院情報学研究科システム科学専攻 / (主査)教授 杉江 俊治, 教授 足立 紀彦, 教授 片山 徹 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当
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