本研究以問卷方式，調查大台北地區立案之公私立幼稚園其教師對於專業承諾、工作滿足、組織承諾以及生涯選擇之知覺程度。研究對象為大台北地區幼稚園教師共4646人為母群體，採取比例式估計法推估所需樣本，有效問卷共265份。在樣本分析中，有八成的幼稚園教師皆有離職的經驗，且僅一半之幼教師為合格者。研究結果包括：（一）在專業承諾方面，私立幼稚園教師比公立幼稚園高、年齡方面以26-30歲教師最高、無兼行政職比較高、高中職畢業者較在意專業發展；（二）在工作滿足方面，私立幼稚園較低、年齡愈輕者較不滿意、合格幼教師與年資高者皆對工作較滿足；（三）在組織承諾方面，無兼行政職務者、在園年資較少者，以及未婚者對組織承諾的知覺程度較高；（四）在生涯選擇方面，本研究分別以離職與離業兩個構面討論，私立幼稚園教師無論離職或離業之傾向皆較高，較年輕之教師離職傾向較高。

Um dos principais desafios atuais da humanidade é a sustentabilidade planetária, isto é, os aspectos ambiental, econômico e social da Terra. Estimativas das Nações Unidas apontam que, em 2050, 66% da população mundial será urbana, o que significa que as cidades têm um papel de destaque no desafio de busca da sustentabilidade. Nesse contexto, o objetivo deste trabalho é indicar os critérios, os procedimentos e as práticas necessárias a serem utilizadas para uma cidade se tornar mais sustentável. A literatura mostra a grande amplitude do tema, das definições dos termos e as dificuldades e discussões a respeito do assunto. A partir da revisão da literatura, os Compromissos de Aalborg um guia de dez objetivos a serem seguidos para o alcance de mais sustentabilidade urbana passaram a servir como um norteador de temáticas relevantes relacionadas a cidades mais sustentáveis. Além da revisão bibliográfica, os indicadores de duas iniciativas da sociedade civil, o Programa Cidades Sustentáveis, no Brasil, e a European Sustainable Cities, foram contemplados na discussão. Em seguida, realizou-se um cotejamento entre as abordagens da literatura científica, os indicadores das iniciativas supracitadas e os Compromissos de Aalborg. O resultado foi a identificação de que os Compromissos de Aalborg têm uma correspondência científica e, portanto, possibilitam o estabelecimento de critérios para cidades mais sustentáveis, tornando-se, assim, uma referência para a discussão desse tema / One of the major current challenges of humanity is planetary sustainability in the environmental, economic and social sense. The United Nations estimates that by 2050, 66% of the worlds population will be urban, which means that cities will have a prominent role in reaching global sustainability. It is in this context that this work seeks to identify the key criteria, procedures and practices for cities to become more sustainable. Current literature demonstrates great breadth in the subject. It was found in the literature review that the Aalborg Commitments, a ten commitment guide to urban sustainability, is a guiding source for the achievement of sustainable cities. Indicators from two civil society initiatives, the \"Sustainable Cities Program\" in Brazil, and the \"European Sustainable Cities were also included in the discussion. Next, a comparison was made between the approaches of the scientific literature, the indicators of the two initiatives indicated above, and the Aalborg Commitments. It was found that the Aalborg Commitments have a scientific basis, and thus, allow for the establishment of criteria for more sustainable cities. In this way, the Aalborg Commitments become a reference for the discussion of urban sustainability

Um dos principais desafios atuais da humanidade é a sustentabilidade planetária, isto é, os aspectos ambiental, econômico e social da Terra. Estimativas das Nações Unidas apontam que, em 2050, 66% da população mundial será urbana, o que significa que as cidades têm um papel de destaque no desafio de busca da sustentabilidade. Nesse contexto, o objetivo deste trabalho é indicar os critérios, os procedimentos e as práticas necessárias a serem utilizadas para uma cidade se tornar mais sustentável. A literatura mostra a grande amplitude do tema, das definições dos termos e as dificuldades e discussões a respeito do assunto. A partir da revisão da literatura, os Compromissos de Aalborg um guia de dez objetivos a serem seguidos para o alcance de mais sustentabilidade urbana passaram a servir como um norteador de temáticas relevantes relacionadas a cidades mais sustentáveis. Além da revisão bibliográfica, os indicadores de duas iniciativas da sociedade civil, o Programa Cidades Sustentáveis, no Brasil, e a European Sustainable Cities, foram contemplados na discussão. Em seguida, realizou-se um cotejamento entre as abordagens da literatura científica, os indicadores das iniciativas supracitadas e os Compromissos de Aalborg. O resultado foi a identificação de que os Compromissos de Aalborg têm uma correspondência científica e, portanto, possibilitam o estabelecimento de critérios para cidades mais sustentáveis, tornando-se, assim, uma referência para a discussão desse tema / One of the major current challenges of humanity is planetary sustainability in the environmental, economic and social sense. The United Nations estimates that by 2050, 66% of the worlds population will be urban, which means that cities will have a prominent role in reaching global sustainability. It is in this context that this work seeks to identify the key criteria, procedures and practices for cities to become more sustainable. Current literature demonstrates great breadth in the subject. It was found in the literature review that the Aalborg Commitments, a ten commitment guide to urban sustainability, is a guiding source for the achievement of sustainable cities. Indicators from two civil society initiatives, the \"Sustainable Cities Program\" in Brazil, and the \"European Sustainable Cities were also included in the discussion. Next, a comparison was made between the approaches of the scientific literature, the indicators of the two initiatives indicated above, and the Aalborg Commitments. It was found that the Aalborg Commitments have a scientific basis, and thus, allow for the establishment of criteria for more sustainable cities. In this way, the Aalborg Commitments become a reference for the discussion of urban sustainability

Abstract 摘要 此研究探討約旦加強與台灣經濟投資機會的適切性。夥伴關係基礎概念被用來表達提供與促進被其他夥伴利用的能力的義務，夥伴關係指的並非合作，合作通常指的是成員間的協助並無義務規範。有鑒於大多數國家受至於當今不同經濟危機所帶來的經濟緊縮，此因素導致部份國家在國際策略環境中以及自身能力以追求夥伴間平等紀律的條件下，尋求新經濟策略作為解決此問題的方法。除由與亞洲發展中國家的激烈競爭所導致的負面經濟關係外，身處經濟與行政的地區，台灣作為最重要實體，但卻因與中國的政治關係，而承受政治壓力。與同盟國家採取夥伴關係而非合作關係，促使能夠發展投資機會，減少發展限制，並落實全球化。 要達成任何策略或概念都需要延伸研究，引進整合的計畫，以及選擇支持此想法的環境。由於經濟成長及穩定，約旦是符合上述條件中，最有機會的國家其中之一。約旦尋求目標，追求發展與成長，以及與台灣的穩固關係。因此，此研究提出問題，「當採用夥伴關係的概念時，約旦是否被考慮為一個機會以加強台灣投資機會？」並尋求其答案。 關鍵詞：夥伴，統治，承諾 / This paper searched for the range of appropriateness of Jordan as a suitable chance to enhancing the Taiwanese economic investment opportunities, when adopting the basis of partnership concept which is expressed as the obligation to provide and facilitate all the capacities and capabilities of the partner to be used by the other partner, instead of cooperation concept that means that the cooperating party provides assistance optionally without any obligation between the parties, in the light of suffering most countries from current economic depression which is resulting from different economic crisis, made some countries to search for the new economic strategies and concepts considering as solutions in different international strategic environments, on condition of they are characterized with its capacity to achieve the equality and fairness doctrine between the partner countries. Taiwan is the most important advanced entity in both economic and administrative areas locally and internationally, but it is facing the political pressures because of the circumstances with China, in addition to the negative economic reactions resulting from the regional competition with Asia developing countries. Adopting the strategy of partnership in founding the companies in the friendly and allied nations instead of adopting the current used approach of cooperation, it makes hopes to develop the opportunities of investment outside, and it processes and reduces some of the restrainers and more by implementing the concept of globalization. Achieving any strategy and applicable concepts requires making extensive studies, introducing integrated strong plans, and choosing the most viable environment which contributes in accepting and supporting the idea. Jordan is particularly one of the hopeful countries in terms of economy growth and stability, it seeks to achieve its objectives, coping with the development and advancement, and it has a strong relation with Taiwan. The question arises and needs the answer: Is Jordan considered as an opportunity to enhance the opportunities of increasing the investment of Taiwan when adopting the basis of partnership? Keywords: Partnership, dominance, commitments, investment, cooperation.

Magister Legum - LLM

The thesis is concerned with finding potential obstacles women must overcome in building a professional career. I analyze legal documents that guarantee the principle of equal treatment for women and men. I go through secondary statistical data to ascertain the cause of the existence of the difference in employment rates between women and men. In the empirical part, through personal interviews with women managers I analyze the sources of motivation, which led them to build a career.

This Diploma thesis focuses on copyright law and mainly on the individual legal institutions, licenses and agreements, under which the contractual relationship between the author and the licensee if formulated. In the conclusion, the linking with another branch of law, the execution of a decision, proposes a solution for the author of a work defined by the Copyright Act, regarding the recovery of their claims from a licensee, in case they are not compensated accordingly for providing a license to their work. The aim of this thesis is to process and explain these legal issues in such a way, which will enable even an inexperienced reader to understand the sometimes complex legal texts.

The thesis discusses the accession of Vietnam to the WTO and the influence of the membership of this organization for the country's economy. Already during the accession procedure Vietnam made changes to the legislation to bring it in line with the principles and rules of the WTO. Furthermore, Vietnam committed to reduce tariffs and open up the services sector to cross-border trade and foreign capital. The thesis aims to analyze the impact of these changes on the economy. The work focuses mainly on the impact on foreign trade and foreign direct investment, which were influenced by the reduction of tariffs and better investment and business environment. Following these changes, structure of employment also changed which is examined in the last part of the thesis.

The 21st century is marked by the forecast of a frightful set of crises caused by anthropogenic activities. Among them, an emerging water crisis threatens the existence of life on the planet. It is mainly triggered by a lack of good water governance. The concept of water governance refers to a range of different societal systems that are involved in the management of water resources, and the delivery of water services. However, these systems are threatened by several problems causing a mismanagement of water resources, involving corruption, deficits of democratization, or inequalities. This study examines commitments to improved water, sanitation, and hygiene provided by the Sanitation and Water for All partnership through a qualitative content analysis in order to allow an insight in current goal-setting for improved water governance. In this study, we show that even though stakeholders across geographical regions and constituencies aim at efficient governance measures, they neglect the importance of the procedural factors of good governance, for instance participation or adaptiveness. Instead they mostly focus on the outcome. Further, the study reveals that the commitments lack timely and measurable components and often do not include allocation of budgets. Although stakeholders show their intention to commit to action and work collaboratively, they often lack long-term thinking. Against the background of emerging global challenges in the water sector, most stakeholders are not yet prepared to work efficiently with new forms of governance in order to establish sustainable and resilient systems. Nevertheless, multi-stakeholder partnerships provide a basis to start a learning journey and can help to facilitate capacity development and future literacy. This thesis reveals starting points for improvement, gives practical recommendations for action and further research directions, that are necessary to explore the differences between regions and constituencies further and improve the goal-setting process in the following years.

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