In 2015, South Africa withdrew from the International Criminal Court asserting United Nation’s Security Council bias in referring only African cases (Strydom October 15, 2015; Duggard 2013) and the United Kingdom reiterated a pledge to withdraw from the European Court of Human Rights, asserting that the court impinges on British sovereignty (Watt 2015). Both are examples of extraterritorial courts which are an important part of regional and global jurisprudence. To contribute to our understanding of the relationship between states and extraterritorial courts, I examine arguably the first and best example of an extraterritorial court, namely the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council (JCPC). Drawing on 50 British Commonwealth states, this dissertation explores the factors influencing the decision to accede to an extraterritorial court and why some states subsequently opt to sever ties. I build on Dahl’s theory (1957) that the nation’s highest court interacts with the governing coalition and, for the most part, serves as an ally and uphold its policies. I argue that that governing coalition wants the final appellate court that they most expect to be an ally and extend this expectation to extraterritorial courts. As a result, the governing coalition looks at the court more critically. States may change or abolish the jurisdiction of the court if it undermines or seems likely to undermine state policy. Examining this phenomenon across the British Commonwealth provides comparative insights into how governing coalitions may view extraterritorial courts.

Corporate governance is a highly discussed topic in financial circles. Recent corporate failures have triggered regulatory reforms where the internal audit was given a stronger position. However, this regulatory evolution also brought challenges to internal audit activity. The growing demands and pressure from stakeholders have placed internal auditors in a difficult position of having to serve several stakeholders and sometimes inconsistent ones with different agendas. That is why the aim of this thesis was to examine how regulations have impacted the internal audit within financial institutions with a special focus on internal auditors’ relations with their stakeholders. In order to achieve the aims of this study, qualitative interviews were conducted as they were considered most suitable in order to uncover a deeper meaning and significance regarding the topic. The findings in this study indicate that internal auditing activity within financial institutions faces a multitude of challenges. Beyond having to deal with traditional duties, these institutions now have to incorporate mandatory audits from regulators within their scope of practise as well. This steers them in a direction where they have to satisfy the needs of yet another stakeholder.

Title: Marketing development and analysis of the ČOV focused on sponsorship Objectives: The aim of this thesis is to evaluate the marketing development since the marketing agency Česká olympijská a.s. was established, partners satisfaction with the counter-offer and the formulation of recommendations for its improvement. Methods: In this work we used a mixed research that we have done through the analysis of texts and documents, questionnaire and a SWOT analysis. Documents provide us an overview of the Czech Olympic Committee and its marketing activities. The questionnaire was used to express partners satisfaction with cooperation with the ČOV. SWOT analysis provided us with evaluation of internal and external factors affecting ČOV. Results: We found out that every Olympic cycle marketing proceeded, it was trying to bring new sources of financing and create various campaigns to raise awareness about the partners. Partners in the questionnaire expressed 100% satisfaction with the counter-offer of ČOV. Keywords: marketing, olympic marketing, sponsorship, Czech Olympic Committee

Title: Analysis of the sporting achievements of young Czech athletes at the European Olympic Youth Festivals (EYOF) and Youth Olympic Games (YOG) following their participation and sports results at Olympics Objectives: The aim of this diploma thesis is to process an overview of the participation and sports results of young Czech athletes at the EYOF and YOG, followed by analysis and statistical evaluation how these athletes got on in competitions of the Olympic Games Methods: Because of the specific topic, structure of the whole thesis and used methods had to be customized to our needs. First two subsections of the analytical part are kind of descriptive-analytic research, therefore it is theoretical work. Other subsections contain statistical-analysis and explanation of the obtained data. This part of the work is based on a secondary analysis of data, and thus it is a research method of qualitative research. Results: In the first part of analytic section we processed on overview of the participation of young athletes and their sport results at the EYOF and YOG between the years 1991 and 2015. Based on this overview we searched for athletes who participated both, EYOG or YOG and Olympics. After that we processed this results as well. Analysis showed us, that the most successful are athletes in...

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to describe and explain the relation of changes in capital requirements on the profitability of Swedish banks. Method: A mixed model approach is used. The quantitative approach is con-ducted through the collection and analysis of statistics from Swe-dish banks and financial institutions. The qualitative research ap-proach is used to obtain further insights into the Swedish banking system and how banks are managing capital requirements. This is conducted through interviews with respondents from a large bank, a niche bank, and the Riksbank. Analysis: The analysis is made on yearly data from 1999 to 2015. Return on equity and net interest margin are individually used as dependent variables. The independent variables are various capital ratios which are defined by the Basel framework. The results from the quantitative analysis are in line with the findings from the qualita-tive interviews. Conclusion: On one hand, capital requirement ratios seem to have a negative and statistically significant correlation with the Return on Equity for both large banks and niche banks. On the other hand, capital re-quirement ratios seem to have a positive and statistically significant correlation with the Net Interest Margin for niche banks.

Doctor of Philosophy / Security Studies / David Graff / How does the social network structure of China’s Central Committee influence the direction and timing of intra-Party events, domestic policies, and foreign policies? How do changes in network structures explain specific patterns and propensities for policy change? The purpose of this study is to describe the social network structure of the Chinese Communist Party’s Central Committee from 1922 to 2011 and to explore the relationship between changes in the network and policy trends. This study draws on policy network theory, network dynamics, Veto Player Theory and Prospect Theory which together posit that dynamic network structural characteristics influence policy outcomes. I introduce a dynamical theory of policy networks and describe some observable implications. This mixed method analysis is based on a new network dataset and follows two major lines of investigation. A structured, focused comparison of case studies associates changes in the Central Committee’s network structure in 1969, 1978, 1982, and 1997 with consequent policy outcomes and demonstrates the explanatory power of the dynamical theory. Statistical analyses of China’s foreign policies (1949-1978 and 1984-1995) and China’s domestic policies (1984-1995) suggest the dynamical theory is generalizable. Changes in paramount leader and potential competitor centralities and Central Committee centralization are important causal factors explaining the timing and type of intra-Party, domestic, and foreign policies.

1916 infördes ett införselförbud för bisamråttan i Sverige, detta i kontext till ökad pälshandeloch inplanteringar av bisam runt om i Europa. En bisamråttekommité tillsattes 1938 för attutreda frågan rörande införselförbudet, därav denna studie. Genom en kvalitativ samt diskursivmetod har införselförbudet, mediediskursen samt utredningen som utgår från kommittén,studerats under perioden 1916–1942. Studien har visat på ett resultat av en varierandeargumentation där tre centrala huvudteman genomsyrat av ett fjärde har framkommit. De tretemana identifieras som tillståndsansökningar, utländska influenser samt ekonomi. Det fjärdetemat som genomsyrar hela studien är argumenten rörande införsel av den främmande arten,bisamråttan. Dessa läggs vidare i en bredare kontext och identifieras utifrån trehuvudargumentet, införselfrågan, skadegörelse samt ekonomi. Där en konstant argumentationrörande bisamråttefrågan visats över tid. Slutsatsen blir synliggörandet av statens makt övernaturen i relation till statens anspråk på att tillfredsställa ekonomiska behov i Norrland. / In 1916, a ban of import was issued on the muskrat in Sweden, in the context of increased furtrade and implantations of muskrat around Europe. A muskrat committee was appointed in1938 to investigate the issue of its prohibition, thereof this study. Through a qualitative anddiscursive method, the intrusion order, media dissertation and the inquiry based on thecommittee have been studied during the period 1916-1942. The study has shown a result of avaried argumentation in which three key main themes permeated by a fourth have beenemerged. The three themes are identified as license applications, foreign influences andeconomics. The fourth theme that permeates the entire study is the arguments concerning theintroduction of the foreign species, the muskrat. These are laid down in a broader context andidentified on the basis of three main arguments, question of import, damage and economics.Where a constant argument about the question of muskrat has been shown over time. Theconclusion becomes the visibility of the state's power over nature in relation to the state'sclaim to satisfy economic needs in Norrland.

As instituições filantrópicas, especialmente as Santas Casas, possuem enorme relevância no atendimento SUS (Sistema Único de Saúde) no Brasil. Na maioria das cidades, o único atendimento para a população carente é feito por estas entidades. Muitas delas necessitam de um choque de gestão, por outro lado, o financiamento inadequado dificulta certos avanços a médio e longo prazo. Na cidade de Franca, uma proposta de intervenção proativa, implanta o comitê Gestor Tripartite, formado por membros do Estado, Prefeitura, Promotoria e da própria Instituição com a finalidade de administrar a instituição, evitar o aumento do endivamento bancário e garantir o atendimento a população. Para se buscar este resultado, uma ferramenta tradicional da administração, o Planejamento Estratégico, foi implantado para dar respostas ao comitê gestor criando uma visão sistêmica sobre todas as áreas do Complexo Hospitalar. O presente trabalho tem como o objetivo a análise da implantação do Planejamento Estrátegico na Fundação Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Franca, situada em Franca- SP / The philanthropic institutions, especially the Santas Casas, have enormous relevance in the SUS (Health Unic System) care in Brazil. In most cities, the only service for the needy population is made by these entities. Many of them require a management shock; on the other hand, inadequate funding hampers certain progress in the medium and long term. In the city of Franca, a proactive intervention proposal is implemented by the Tripartite Management Committee, made up of members of the State, City Hall, Public Prosecutor\'s Office and the Institution itself, with the purpose of managing the institution, avoiding increased bank indebtedness and guaranteeing the population attendance. In order to achieve this result, a traditional management tool, Strategic Planning, was implemented to provide answers to the management committee, creating a systematic view on all areas of the Hospital Complex. The present work has the objective of analyzing the implantation of the Strategic Planning in the Fundação Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Franca, located in Franca - SP

The aim of this study was to explore and understand the kind of partnership that exists at secondary school level between government, Catholic Church, school administration and parents. And the way these parties perceive and assume their respective duties and responsibilities, and the relationships with one another in the new school decentralised dispensation. By 2000, Rwanda restructured the education system by initiating school decentralisation reforms and devolving more powers and responsibilities to districts, schools and community. The literature on education decentralization, state and non-government provider partnerships in education theories is reviewed to identify the main issues to investigate. This study relies on taped in-depth interviews with school committees‘ members, education officers as well as documents analysis. All this enabled the researcher to answer four research sub-questions: (1) how do school committees perceive and exercise their powers and responsibilities in contributing to school development?; (2) how do school committees and the school administration work together in contributing to school development?; (3) how do Catholic Church authorities contribute to the managerial and/or professional issues and school needs? and; (4) how do the government and the Catholic Church collaborate for school development? The study discovered that, despite the reluctance of school committees to be involved in school financial management, they were eager to be involved in schools governance and school development. They undertook activities aimed at raising school funds, volunteering in school activities requesting their expertise, contributing to some school decision making and attending successfully school meetings. Moreover, results have shown that the school committees and the school community (school principals, teachers and staff) manage to work together to face the challenges of lack of capacity. Even though the Catholic Church financial support to schools has been reduced, the Catholic Church contributes via its teaching to the mobilization of the community for school development, for charitable actions, and collecting funds from aid agencies. The study recommends that the government and Catholic Church continue to collaborate to build the governance capacity of the school committees, that school principals and teachers manage to create a welcoming school environment, that the department establish a system vi support that provides information about schools‘ academic and financial performance relative to other schools, closing the gap in the existing regulations and guidelines on the respective power and responsibilities pertaining to each of stakeholders in partnership for school development. The study recommends further studies on the implementation of school decentralization in remote rural schools; the impact of the socio-economic status of school committee members on their commitment to their children‘s school development; the factors underlying teacher‘s attitude towards their involvement in financial and administrative decision making; and a comparative research of similar non catholic and Catholic schools and how they implement differently school decentralization.

Student No. 0107750D M.Sc(Med) Research Report / The prescription habits of general practitioners are continually under the scrutiny of ethical critics. There are numerous factors that influence a practitioner’s decision as to which antihypertensive agents to prescribe for the treatment of hypertension. As outlined in various international and national guidelines for the management of hypertension, the recommended treatment depends on ethnicity, current life-style, diet, smoking, age, gender, family history and possible underlying or secondary conditions such as diabetes mellitus, heart failure, isolated systolic hypertension, myocardial infarction, pregnancy, and evidence of coronary artery disease (CAD), stroke or peripheral vascular disease. Currently the control of blood pressure in patients with hypertension is far from optimal with over 70% of hypertensive patients being reported as having imperfect control. A number of factors related to the patient, the practitioner or the medication may explain the high incidence of inadequate blood pressure control. One possible explanation for the poor control of blood pressure may be that practitioners fail to comply with the guidelines. Hence the aim of my study was firstly to determine whether a practitioner’s decision as to which medication to prescribe in the treatment of hypertension is influenced by the Southern African Hypertension Society Guidelines. Secondly, in an attempt to assess the validity of the results of the primary analysis, the actual prescription habits (MediCross® database) were assessed and compared to the general practitioner’s recall of their prescription habits. Questionnaires were distributed to 320 MediCross® practitioners and prescription habits were identified and substantiated by the screening of an existing MediCross® database. I chose as my sample MediCross® general practitioners, as they are demographically representative of all major urban areas in South Africa; likely to be open-minded to supporting research and answering questionnaires (as MediCross® is part of a Clinical Research Site Management Organisation); and I had access to the database of the prescriptions made by MediCross® practitioners hence enabling me to fulfil my second objective. However, it must be kept in mind that these practitioners are representative of general practitioners in urban areas only (as the title of my research report indicates). My results show that 33.1% adhere to the guidelines (when a non-conservative definition of diuretics is used); 27% have heard of the guidelines and have a copy of them. When asked to give their own opinion however, 39% thought they adhered to the guidelines. The results also show that ACE inhibitors are the most commonly prescribed drug class for uncomplicated hypertension but a comparison to a MediCross® database, of which the quality is questionable, does not support this. As the response rate to the questionnaires was only 24.7%, these results are only a pilot study; however they suggest that few general practitioners use the guidelines or even have a copy of the guidelines. This pilot study suggests that the guidelines need to be distributed more widely. Furthermore the general practitioners that responded to the questionnaire indicated that the management of hypertension is difficult in that there is no single treatment regimen appropriate for all populations and each different patient. It was also their view that clinical guidelines for the management of hypertension should more accurately reflect the uncertainty of when to initiate treatment and individual variation if they are going to take these guidelines seriously and comply with them.