ABSTRACT For several years, college-level remediation in English and mathematics has been of great concern for California community colleges and four-year colleges and universities. The cost of remediation has skyrocketed into the billions of dollars for postsecondary institutions. Placement tests are required for most students before they are permitted to enroll in any college courses. These placement tests determine in what English and/or math class students will begin their college experience. At issue is that many students who successfully complete high English in the 11th & 12 grades (earn an A or B) are placing into a remedial English class. In 2012, the California Community College Chancellor's Office (CCCCO) reported that over 70 percent of new college students were required to take a remedial English and/or math class. The same is occurring in the California State University (CSU) system. In 2012, 18,690 (33%) CSU first-time freshmen system-wide needed remediation in English. Because of the high rate of remediation among California students in postsecondary institutions, questions have been raised concerning the disconnect between high school English and math and college-level English and math. A mixed-method study will address grades and other variables as predictors of English placement into a community college English course and common language between Common Core State Standards and college-level English course content.

I samband med en omorganisation av hälso- och sjukvården i Region Gävleborg där bland annat fyra divisioner bildades infördes det balanserade styrkortet som styrverktyg i verksamheten. Styrkortet var ett intressant verktyg för hälso- och sjukvården då det inkluderar såväl finansiella som icke-finansiella aspekter. Syftet med studien är att öka förståelsen för hur det balanserade styrkortet anpassas inom offentliga hälso- och sjukvårdsorganisationer med avseende på om det bidrar till ett gemensamt språk och en helhetsbild av verksamheten.   Denna undersökning gjordes utifrån en kvalitativ fallstudiedesign inom Region Gävleborgs hälso- och sjukvårdsorganisationer. Undersökningen utfördes med hjälp av semistrukturerade intervjuer där fokus legat på chefer och ansvariga personer inom den berörda verksamheten. Den teoretiska referensramen inleddes med allmän forskning kring styrkortet för att sedan smalas av till en mer anpassad bild av styrkortet inom studiens valda bransch.   Resultatet visade att styrkortet medförde ett gemensamt språk samt att kommunikationen mellan de tre organisatoriska nivåerna spelade en central roll för en fungerande verksamhet. Det framgick även ur resultatet att styrkortet kunde medföra en helhetsbild över verksamheten med förutsättning att man vet hur styrkortet ska tillämpas och mätas. Det kan även konstateras att det finansiella perspektivet inte utesluts, utan att det istället utmärker sig som en summa av de övriga perspektivens resultat.   Eftersom studien bygger på en deduktiv ansats avslutas den med en analys där teorin kopplas ihop med det insamlade empiriska materialet för att på så sätt kunna urskilja huruvida dessa stämmer överrens med varandra.   Studien avslutas med en slutsats där innehållet summeras ihop och utformar studiens bidrag samt svarar på syftet.

To help address the knowledge gap between science and practice this study explores the possible positive benefits of using a more pedagogical effect size estimate when presenting statistical relationships. Traditional presentation has shown limitations with major downsides being that scientific findings are misinterpreted or misunderstood even by professionals. This study explores the possible effects of the non-traditional effect size estimate Common Language Effect Size (CLES) on different training outcomes for HR professionals. This study also explores the possible effect of cognitive system preference on training outcomes. Results show no overall effect of CLES on either training outcomes or cognitive system. A positive effect of CLES on training outcome is found at the subfactor level showing a significant effect. The results can be interpreted that non-traditional effect size estimates have a limited effect on training outcomes. This small but valuable piece to bridge the gap of knowledge is discussed.

PINHEIRO, Marilene Barbosa. Por um dicionário eletrônico de pragmatemas do português brasileiro: levantamento, descrição e categorização. 2015. 158f. – Tese (Doutorado) – Universidade Federal do Ceará, Departamento de Letras Vernáculas, Programa de Pós-graduação em Linguística, Fortaleza (CE), 2015. / Submitted by Márcia Araújo (marcia_m_bezerra@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-04-08T13:01:28Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2015_tese_mbpinheiro.pdf: 8317773 bytes, checksum: c7d930367824885935db37df7d95c9cf (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Márcia Araújo(marcia_m_bezerra@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-04-08T15:06:00Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2015_tese_mbpinheiro.pdf: 8317773 bytes, checksum: c7d930367824885935db37df7d95c9cf (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-08T15:06:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2015_tese_mbpinheiro.pdf: 8317773 bytes, checksum: c7d930367824885935db37df7d95c9cf (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015 / In the universe of phraseological studies, we investigated the pragmatemes of the Brazilian Portuguese. Emphasis was given to expressions that considered speech acts which occur routinely, fulfill specific pragmatic functions and are ready to be used in certain communicative situations (IRIARTE SANROMÁN, 2001; GLENK, 2007; ALVARADO ORTEGA, 2008; BLANCO, 2010; MONTEIRO-PLANTIN, 2012). The strongest reason for undertaking the research was to contribute to the studies of Portuguese as a Foreign Language. The other two other objectives of this research were to help translators in their hard work of translation and to try to compensate the lack of printed or electronic dictionaries/manuals which cover these structures. In order to establish the theoretical basis for the development of an electronic dictionary (WELKER, 2006; LEFFA, 2006; KRIEGER, 2007; PONTES, 2010 and 2011) one carried out the survey, categorization and description of pragmatemes present in general works of Brazilian phraseology and communicative interactions of oral corpora available on the Internet. The AntConc 3.4.4w tool (2014) was used to assist in the search for possible pragmatemes and the results were stored in a database created by Microsoft Access(c) program. The database was fed with 565 pragmatic expressions, described in ten fields: type, social function, expressiveness, record mode, pragmateme, direction, variants / equivalent, context and examples. The first nine detected expressions were analyzed and in order to have access to all of them two forms of search were created: first, the expression itself and the other by a theme name that reflects the expression of the speaker. Thus, in conclusion, it is possible to say that an electronic dictionary of pragmatemes is completely feasible if it is used at the same time onomasiological, semasiological and lexicographical techniques, with the aim to facilitate the search method by students in the context of the Brazilian Portuguese learning as a foreign and mother language, teachers and translators. / No universo dos estudos fraseológicos, investigaram-se os pragmatemas do português brasileiro. A ênfase foi dada às expressões que se constituem como atos de fala, ocorrem de modo rotineiro, cumprem funções pragmáticas específicas e estão prontas para ser usadas em determinadas situações comunicativas (IRIARTE SANROMÁN, 2001; GLENK, 2007; ALVARADO ORTEGA, 2008; BLANCO, 2010; MONTEIRO-PLANTIN, 2012). O motivo mais forte para empreender a pesquisa foi contribuir com os estudos de aprendizes de português como língua estrangeira (PLE) e a esse aliaram-se mais dois: o auxílio ao trabalho de tradutores e a carência de manual ou dicionário, impresso ou eletrônico, que contemple essas estruturas. Com o objetivo de estabelecer as bases teóricas para a elaboração de um dicionário eletrônico (WELKER, 2006; LEFFA, 2006; KRIEGER, 2007; PONTES, 2010 e 2011), foram realizados o levantamento, a categorização e a descrição dos pragmatemas presentes em obras gerais da Fraseologia brasileira e em interações comunicativas de corpora orais disponíveis na Internet. A ferramenta AntConc 3.4.4w (2014) foi utilizada para auxiliar na busca de candidatos a pragmatemas e os resultados obtidos foram armazenados numa base de dados criada por meio do programa Microsoft Access. A base de dados foi alimentada com 565 expressões pragmáticas, descritas em dez campos: tipologia, função social, expressividade, registro, modalidade, pragmatema, sentido, variantes/equivalentes, contexto e exemplos. Foram analisadas as quinze primeiras expressões detectadas e, para ter acesso a todas elas, foram criadas duas formas: a primeira, pela expressão propriamente dita e a outra, por um nome temático que reflete a expressividade do falante. Assim, concluiu-se pela exequibilidade de um dicionário eletrônico dos pragmatemas, utilizando-se, ao mesmo tempo, as técnicas lexicográficas onomasiológicas e semasiológicas, a fim de facilitar a busca para estudantes em contexto de aprendizagem do português brasileiro como língua estrangeira e materna, professores e tradutores.

Programming PLC systems is limited by the provided libraries. In contrary, hardware-near programming needs bigger efforts in e. g. initializing the hardware. This work others a foundation to combine advantages of both development sides. Therefore, Portable.NET from the DotGNU project has been used, which is an implementation of CLI, better known as “.NET”. The target system is the PLCcore-5484 microcontroller board, developed by SYS TEC electronic GmbH. Built upon the porting, two variants to use interrupt routines withing the Portabe.NET runtime environment have been analyzed. Finally, the reaction times to occuring interrupt events have been examined and compared. / Die Programmierung für SPS-Systeme ist durch die gegebenen Bibliotheken beschränkt, während hardwarenahe Programmierung einen größeren Aufwand durch z.B. Initialisierungen hat. Diese Arbeit bietet eine Grundlage, um die Vorteile beider Entwicklungsseiten zu kombinieren. Dafür wurde Portable.NET des DotGNU-Projekts, eine Implementierung des CLI, bekannter unter dem Namen “.NET”, benutzt. Das Zielsystem ist das PLCcore-5484 Mikrocontrollerboard der SYS TEC electronic GmbH. Aufbauend auf der Portierung wurden zwei Varianten zur Einbindung von Interrupt-Routinen in die Portable.NET Laufzeitumgebung untersucht. Abschließend wurden die Reaktionszeiten zu eintretenden Interrupts analysiert und verglichen.

No description available.

We discuss the development of a number of algorithms and techniques to allow object oriented virtual machines to support many of the features needed by functional and other higher level languages. These features include non-strict evaluation, partial function application, higher ranked and higher kinded types. To test the mechanisms that we have developed we have also produced a compiler to allow the functional language Haskell to be compiled to a native executable for the Common Language Runtime. This has allowed us to demonstrate that the techniques we have developed are practically viable.

FundaÃÃo Cearense de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento Cientifico e TecnolÃgico / CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / No universo dos estudos fraseolÃgicos, investigaram-se os pragmatemas do portuguÃs brasileiro. A Ãnfase foi dada Ãs expressÃes que se constituem como atos de fala, ocorrem de modo rotineiro, cumprem funÃÃes pragmÃticas especÃficas e estÃo prontas para ser usadas em determinadas situaÃÃes comunicativas (IRIARTE SANROMÃN, 2001; GLENK, 2007; ALVARADO ORTEGA, 2008; BLANCO, 2010; MONTEIRO-PLANTIN, 2012). O motivo mais forte para empreender a pesquisa foi contribuir com os estudos de aprendizes de portuguÃs como lÃngua estrangeira (PLE) e a esse aliaram-se mais dois: o auxÃlio ao trabalho de tradutores e a carÃncia de manual ou dicionÃrio, impresso ou eletrÃnico, que contemple essas estruturas. Com o objetivo de estabelecer as bases teÃricas para a elaboraÃÃo de um dicionÃrio eletrÃnico (WELKER, 2006; LEFFA, 2006; KRIEGER, 2007; PONTES, 2010 e 2011), foram realizados o levantamento, a categorizaÃÃo e a descriÃÃo dos pragmatemas presentes em obras gerais da Fraseologia brasileira e em interaÃÃes comunicativas de corpora orais disponÃveis na Internet. A ferramenta AntConc 3.4.4w (2014) foi utilizada para auxiliar na busca de candidatos a pragmatemas e os resultados obtidos foram armazenados numa base de dados criada por meio do programa Microsoft Access. A base de dados foi alimentada com 565 expressÃes pragmÃticas, descritas em dez campos: tipologia, funÃÃo social, expressividade, registro, modalidade, pragmatema, sentido, variantes/equivalentes, contexto e exemplos. Foram analisadas as quinze primeiras expressÃes detectadas e, para ter acesso a todas elas, foram criadas duas formas: a primeira, pela expressÃo propriamente dita e a outra, por um nome temÃtico que reflete a expressividade do falante. Assim, concluiu-se pela exequibilidade de um dicionÃrio eletrÃnico dos pragmatemas, utilizando-se, ao mesmo tempo, as tÃcnicas lexicogrÃficas onomasiolÃgicas e semasiolÃgicas, a fim de facilitar a busca para estudantes em contexto de aprendizagem do portuguÃs brasileiro como lÃngua estrangeira e materna, professores e tradutores. / In the universe of phraseological studies, we investigated the pragmatemes of the Brazilian Portuguese. Emphasis was given to expressions that considered speech acts which occur routinely, fulfill specific pragmatic functions and are ready to be used in certain communicative situations (IRIARTE SANROMÃN, 2001; GLENK, 2007; ALVARADO ORTEGA, 2008; BLANCO, 2010; MONTEIRO-PLANTIN, 2012). The strongest reason for undertaking the research was to contribute to the studies of Portuguese as a Foreign Language. The other two other objectives of this research were to help translators in their hard work of translation and to try to compensate the lack of printed or electronic dictionaries/manuals which cover these structures. In order to establish the theoretical basis for the development of an electronic dictionary (WELKER, 2006; LEFFA, 2006; KRIEGER, 2007; PONTES, 2010 and 2011) one carried out the survey, categorization and description of pragmatemes present in general works of Brazilian phraseology and communicative interactions of oral corpora available on the Internet. The AntConc 3.4.4w tool (2014) was used to assist in the search for possible pragmatemes and the results were stored in a database created by Microsoft Access(c) program. The database was fed with 565 pragmatic expressions, described in ten fields: type, social function, expressiveness, record mode, pragmateme, direction, variants / equivalent, context and examples. The first nine detected expressions were analyzed and in order to have access to all of them two forms of search were created: first, the expression itself and the other by a theme name that reflects the expression of the speaker. Thus, in conclusion, it is possible to say that an electronic dictionary of pragmatemes is completely feasible if it is used at the same time onomasiological, semasiological and lexicographical techniques, with the aim to facilitate the search method by students in the context of the Brazilian Portuguese learning as a foreign and mother language, teachers and translators.

Programming PLC systems is limited by the provided libraries. In contrary, hardware-near programming needs bigger efforts in e. g. initializing the hardware. This work others a foundation to combine advantages of both development sides. Therefore, Portable.NET from the DotGNU project has been used, which is an implementation of CLI, better known as “.NET”. The target system is the PLCcore-5484 microcontroller board, developed by SYS TEC electronic GmbH. Built upon the porting, two variants to use interrupt routines withing the Portabe.NET runtime environment have been analyzed. Finally, the reaction times to occuring interrupt events have been examined and compared.:Contents List of Tables iv List of Figures v Listings vi 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Objective 1 1.2 Structure 2 2 State of the Art 3 2.1 .NET Framework 3 2.1.1 Common Language Runtime 4 2.1.2 Common Type System 6 2.1.3 Common Language Specification 6 2.1.4 Common Intermediate Language 7 2.1.5 Metadata 8 2.1.6 .NET Class Library 8 2.2 DotGNU 9 2.2.1 Hans-Boehm Garbage Collector 10 2.2.2 Foreign Function Interface 11 2.2.3 Interpreter 11 2.2.4 Unrolled Assembler Code 12 2.2.5 JIT Support 13 2.2.6 Debugging 14 2.2.7 X11 Support 16 2.2.8 Embedded Engine 16 2.3 Mono 17 2.4 Rotor 27 2.5 Coldfire vs. m68k 17 2.5.1 Exclusive Instructions 18 2.5.2 Floating Point Size 18 2.5.3 Other Differences 19 2.5.4 ABI Changes 19 3 Implementation 20 3.1 Incompatible m68k Code 20 3.2 Incompatible Alignments 21 3.3 Broken Toolchain 24 3.4 Unrolling Assembler Code 24 3.4.1 Setup of the Unroller 25 3.4.2 Unroller Implementation 26 3.4.3 m68k Specifics 27 3.4.4 Macro Counting 28 3.4.5 Extended Testsuite 29 3.4.6 Floating Point Remainder 34 3.4.7 Big Endianess 34 3.4.8 NOP is not just no Operation 36 3.4.9 Caches 36 3.5 C# Debugging 37 3.6 Interrupt Access in C# 38 3.6.1 Kernel Module 39 3.6.2 C# Application 40 3.7 Results 42 4 Performance 43 4.1 Portable.NET Benchmark 43 4.2 Benchmark Results 44 4.3 Interrupt Response Time 46 5 Final Remarks and Further Work 53 5.1 Conclusion 53 5.2 Improvements 53 5.2.1 Increasing Engine Performance 53 5.2.2 Tweaking IRQ Handling 54 5.2.3 Porting JIT to MCF5484 55 5.2.4 Miscellaneous 55 6 Acronyms 56 Bibliography 58 A Contents of the enclosed CD 61 / Die Programmierung für SPS-Systeme ist durch die gegebenen Bibliotheken beschränkt, während hardwarenahe Programmierung einen größeren Aufwand durch z.B. Initialisierungen hat. Diese Arbeit bietet eine Grundlage, um die Vorteile beider Entwicklungsseiten zu kombinieren. Dafür wurde Portable.NET des DotGNU-Projekts, eine Implementierung des CLI, bekannter unter dem Namen “.NET”, benutzt. Das Zielsystem ist das PLCcore-5484 Mikrocontrollerboard der SYS TEC electronic GmbH. Aufbauend auf der Portierung wurden zwei Varianten zur Einbindung von Interrupt-Routinen in die Portable.NET Laufzeitumgebung untersucht. Abschließend wurden die Reaktionszeiten zu eintretenden Interrupts analysiert und verglichen.:Contents List of Tables iv List of Figures v Listings vi 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Objective 1 1.2 Structure 2 2 State of the Art 3 2.1 .NET Framework 3 2.1.1 Common Language Runtime 4 2.1.2 Common Type System 6 2.1.3 Common Language Specification 6 2.1.4 Common Intermediate Language 7 2.1.5 Metadata 8 2.1.6 .NET Class Library 8 2.2 DotGNU 9 2.2.1 Hans-Boehm Garbage Collector 10 2.2.2 Foreign Function Interface 11 2.2.3 Interpreter 11 2.2.4 Unrolled Assembler Code 12 2.2.5 JIT Support 13 2.2.6 Debugging 14 2.2.7 X11 Support 16 2.2.8 Embedded Engine 16 2.3 Mono 17 2.4 Rotor 27 2.5 Coldfire vs. m68k 17 2.5.1 Exclusive Instructions 18 2.5.2 Floating Point Size 18 2.5.3 Other Differences 19 2.5.4 ABI Changes 19 3 Implementation 20 3.1 Incompatible m68k Code 20 3.2 Incompatible Alignments 21 3.3 Broken Toolchain 24 3.4 Unrolling Assembler Code 24 3.4.1 Setup of the Unroller 25 3.4.2 Unroller Implementation 26 3.4.3 m68k Specifics 27 3.4.4 Macro Counting 28 3.4.5 Extended Testsuite 29 3.4.6 Floating Point Remainder 34 3.4.7 Big Endianess 34 3.4.8 NOP is not just no Operation 36 3.4.9 Caches 36 3.5 C# Debugging 37 3.6 Interrupt Access in C# 38 3.6.1 Kernel Module 39 3.6.2 C# Application 40 3.7 Results 42 4 Performance 43 4.1 Portable.NET Benchmark 43 4.2 Benchmark Results 44 4.3 Interrupt Response Time 46 5 Final Remarks and Further Work 53 5.1 Conclusion 53 5.2 Improvements 53 5.2.1 Increasing Engine Performance 53 5.2.2 Tweaking IRQ Handling 54 5.2.3 Porting JIT to MCF5484 55 5.2.4 Miscellaneous 55 6 Acronyms 56 Bibliography 58 A Contents of the enclosed CD 61

Bakgrund: Intensivvård är sjukvård inom högteknologisk verksamhet där patienter som är allvarligt och kritisk sjuka eller skadade vårdas. Att under vårdtiden på intensiven vårdas i respirator försämrar patienternas möjlighet att kommunicera verbalt med andra. Tidigare var rutinen att patienter som vårdades i respirator sederades djupt och kravet på kommunikation var då inte så hög, men det senaste decenniet har regimen kring det förändrats. Idag respiratorbehandlas patienter med en ytligare sedering och dagliga väckningar. Kommunikation är viktigt vid omvårdnad av patienter. Patienter önskar mer kommunikation och information från personal då det är svårt att förstå alla situationer som de befinner sig i. Intensivvårdssjuksköterskor menar att vårda patienter i respirator med ytlig sedering kan vara en etisk konflikt. Det ställer höga krav på oss som ska vårda dessa patienter att vi kan förklara vad som hänt, kommer hända och vad vi ska göra med patienterna så det förstår vad vi säger och menar.  Syfte: Syftet var att beskriva strategier för kommunikation när ett gemensamt verbalt språk saknas hos patient med invasiv ventilationsbehandling och intensivvårdssjuksköterskan. Metod: Studien genomfördes med kvalitativ ansats med kritiskt incident teknik som metod. Studien hade ett ändamålsenligt urval och inkluderade intensivvårdssjuksköterskor från hela landet. Datainsamlingen har skett med ostrukturerade intervjuer och datan har analyserats induktivt. Författarna letade efter beteendecitat och beskrivningar av olika strategier för kommunikation. Dessa indelades sedan i underkategorier medan ett resultat skrev fram och slutligen presenterades i tre olika huvudkategorier.  Resultat: Resultatet presenteras i tre kategorier; Skapa trygghet med kommunikation och kroppsspråk, resurser för att tolka och förstå patienter och använda kommunikationshjälpmedel.  Slutsats: Att vårda patienter som inte intensivvårdssjuksköterskorna har ett gemensamt verbalt språk med är komplext. Studien fann att genom kroppsspråket gick det att kommunicera med patienterna. Det framkom att något som var väldigt viktigt var att skapa en trygg och säker atmosfär för patienten, kände patienten sig trygg och sedd menade studiedeltagarna att den verbala kommunikationen inte längre spelade fullt lika stor roll.