Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T19:29:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TeseAPGT.pdf: 1749745 bytes, checksum: 8a0e420266544c989b89c5c488b41648 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2003-10-09 / Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais / The use of nature by local communities is based in a set of knowledge, practices and believes, developed through human culture and historical experience with the environment. Small-scale commercial fishermen from Upper-Medium São Francisco River, object of this study, are influenced by the dynamics of the environment cycle and by the ecology and biology of fishery resources, maintaining a very close relationship with them, for developing new knowledge and understandings which can provide better conditions of survive. More than that, the small-scale fishermen have self-organized for planning and practicing local management of fishery resources, which include local rules or institutions which define the rights and duties in the access and use of resources. The study of local ecological knowledge and common property systems developed by these communities are the mainly goal of ethnoecology science and of researches in common property systems, which support them as alternatives to the traditional scientific ecology and management of natural resources. This research was carried out between 1999 and 2001 with 7 field trips of 15 days each. Open and structured interviews were carried out, complemented by direct observation of the fishing activity, and the collect of fishery yield. The small-scale fishermen of Upper-Medium São Francisco River have demonstrated to pursue a detailed comprehension about the ecology and biology of the aquatic system and its fishery resources, on which they have based their fishery practices and common property systems, expecting to guarantee efficiency with sustainability. These local ecological knowledge and practices can contribute to develop a new interdisciplinary scientific view about ecology and management, putting together scientific and local experiences to produce a better use of natural resources, for these and the next generations. / A exploração da natureza por comunidades locais se fundamenta num conjunto de conhecimentos, práticas e crenças humanas para o uso dos recursos naturais, fundado nas tradições culturais e na experimentação empírica do ambiente próximo. Pescadores artesanais comerciais do trecho mineiro do Alto-Médio São Francisco, alvos deste estudo, dependem diretamente das variações dos ciclos ambientais e da biologia e ecologia dos recursos pescados. Mantêm uma associação íntima com o sistema aquático e com os peixes, desenvolvendo conhecimentos e compreensões imprescindíveis para a sua sobrevivência através da pesca. Além disso, os pescadores artesanais têm se auto-organizado para o exercício de manejos locais dos recursos pesqueiros, que abrangem regras ou instituições locais definidoras de direitos de acesso e uso dos recursos pesqueiros, assim como, deveres e formas de monitoramento do uso dos recursos estabelecidos pelas próprias comunidades. O levantamento deste saber e manejo local é função da ciência etnoecologia e da teoria da propriedade comum, que defendem o aproveitamento de ambos, conhecimento e manejo local, como práticas alternativas ao manejo convencional dos recursos naturais. Este trabalho foi desenvolvido em quatro comunidades de pescadores do Rio São Francisco, situadas nos municípios de Três Marias, Pirapora, Buritizeiro e Januária, no estado de Minas Gerias. Os dados foram coletados através de entrevistas livres e semi-estruturadas, aplicadas a um número mínimo de 16 e a um número máximo de 30 pescadores em cada comunidade, em visitas quadrimestrais com duração média de 15 dias, entre os meses de fevereiro de 1999 a fevereiro de 2001. Os pescadores do Rio São Francisco em Minas Gerais partilham um modelo percebido de seu ambiente de pesca que contempla os comportamentos biológicos e ecológicos dos peixes e do rio, e que determinam diferentes práticas de pesca e sistemas de propriedade comum dos recursos pesqueiros. Tais compreensões e práticas locais são essenciais para um enfoque interdisciplinar da ecologia, necessário para a implementação de ações de manejo verdaderiamente eficazes e participativas.

La copropriété des immeubles bâtis revêt une importance particulière, étant donné qu’elle est influencée par plusieurs facteurs. Le facteur socio-culturel de la composition de la société libanaise et celui du problème de déplacés de guerre, occupent une part considérable dans l’étude de la copropriété. On relève des problèmes, issus de la confusion entre le juridique et le réel. L’expansion économique et immobilière, depuis la fin de la guerre, a poussé un grand nombre de libanais à se concentrer dans les grandes villes et leurs banlieues dans l’objectif du travail ou d’éducation. Cette concentration a provoqué une activité dans le domaine des bâtiments. Divers problèmes sont rencontrés dans ce domaine, d’une part à cause de l’absence des réglementations opportunes et d’autre part, suite à des divergences dans la jurisprudence. En prenant en considération tous ces facteurs, nous tenterons de trouver des solutions à des gros problèmes en se référant, quand le cas se présente, aux lois et jurisprudences françaises. / The co-ownership of buildings has a particular importance, given the fact that it is influenced by many factors. The socio-cultural factor of the composition of the Lebanese society and that of the problem of the displaced persons (DP) during the Lebanese war, occupy a considerable part in the study of co-ownership. We note several problems that arise from the confusion between law and reality. The economic and real-estate expansion, since the end of the war, caused a large part of the Lebanese population to concentrate in large cities and their suburbs either for education or work. This concentration provoked an activity increase in the construction field. Diverse problems are encountered in this field, due to the absence of appropriate regulations on one hand, or due to divergences in the jurisprudence on the other hand. By taking into consideration all these factors, we attempt to find solutions to major problems, by referring, when the case arises, to the French laws and jurisprudence.

Selected issues of inheritance proceedings This diploma thesis deals with selected issues of inheritance proceedings which play an important role in inheritance proceedings. These selected issues are the assets and liabilities of the estate, their detection, an importance of the common property of spouses and its settlement as a result of the death of one of the spouses and the role of the international element in the inheritance proceedings. Except for the introduction and conclusion, the thesis is composed of two main chapters which are further divided into individual subchapters. The first chapter deals with the assets and liabilities of the estate and it is divided into three large subchapters. The first subchapter deals in general with the assets and liabilities that create the estate, defines them and focuses on the means from which information is obtained about them and also contains legislation about estate without assets and estate with assets of no or insignificant value. The second subchapter focuses on the process of determining assets and liabilities the result of which is the creation of a list of assets and liabilities of the estate. It also regulates a solution of disputes which arise during the creation of the list and methods of valuing the estate. The third subchapter consists of...

No / The article aims to provide a synthesis of key discussions within scholarship that is critical of Mainstream Institutionalism. It adopts a thematic approach to chart debate and areas of convergence about key issues. The first section of the article briefly charts the rise to prominence of the mainstream 'collective action' school. Each of the themes identified as central to the alternative critical approach is then examined in turn. These are the 'homogenous community' critique, the avoidance of politics critique (further divided into ideational politics and politics of local empowerment) and the sociological critique. The article concludes by reflecting on the challenge of 'making complexity legible' that faces the nascent critical tradition in institutional analysis.