Summary: This research is based on service quality extension model , provided by Parasuraman, Zeithaml and Berry( 1985, 1988, 1991), to investigate the expectation and cognition on the practice of tourist policing service quality in Penghu county among the tourists, with different backgrounds, police supervisors and police officers here. In addition, to analyze their different views of expectation and cognition upon the launched local policing -service measure , and to investigate the tourists¡¦ satisfaction for these services as well as the differences of measure promotion, then put forward the conclusion and suggestion with the aim to make tourist policing service quality much better. The study , which is conducted with reference analysis and questionnaire survey, aimed the adult tourists visiting Penghu county, and the management level and tourist police within Penghu County Police Bureau(PHPB)to proceed this survey. Conclusions are as follows: 1. Upon the 5 service gaps, the gap 3 and 5 both has significantly difference, but no significantly difference exists upon gap 1, 2 and 4. 2. Under different backgrounds , there¡¦s no apparent differences between police administrators, along with varied ages and service seniority. But in view of the schooling record , the graduate university students from Central Police University take the tourist police service quality most seriously. In view of varied positions, differences exist upon reliability and safely , but not apparent, 3. Under the condition of various backgrounds, there¡¦s no apparent differences between tourist police officers along with different ages and service seniority. But in view of schooling record , the graduates from 9-month police training college take the tourist police service quality more seriously than those who are from 2-year training college. 4. Female tourists take the service quality more seriously under the condition of different backgrounds. Visitors, under the ¡§age¡¨ condition, aged from 20 to 29 are the less satisfied with the services. Besides, the university graduates and those who are engaged in ¡§others¡¨, on of the occupation items, are the less satisfied with the service separately under ¡§school record¡¨ and ¡§occupation¡¨ conditions. 5. According to the survey, the tourists¡¦ satisfaction level are as follows:Good and better: 52.8%,Ordinary : 26.2 % ,Bad and worse: 21%. 6. Based on statistics, more than half tourists, about 52.2%, can feel the declared services provided to them as they received the information previously through the newspaper and internet launched by PHPB. 7. The top 3 services , of the tourists¡¦ opinions, that should be strengthened are tourist police service settled in scenic spots, English communication ability and traffic order in touring area. Based on conclusions mentioned above, this study provides suggestion as follows: 1. Improve the service quality gap : The police administer should make efforts to bring forth new ideas to multiple police service and values, companied with cordial measures and attitudes, with the aim of protecting tourists¡¦ safety. Moreover, pay attention to tourists¡¦ suggestion, which by force of a track to communicate to outer environment more efficiently. Third, the communication should be reinforced inside the organization to make a efficient work team. 2. Strenghted the functions of policing service: Revise the organization, check the serving items, impose professional training, implement the management by walking around, emphasize civil trend and opinions, improve staffs¡¦ quality, strengthen system logic thought, combine information system with communication function

A dissertation submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF ARTS IN CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY in the Faculty ofArts at the University of Zululand, 1999. / Literature repeatedly indicates that stress and burnout constitute a serious problem in the police profession. This study endeavours to identify and describe the stress experiences of community police personnel and in so doing, to gain a deeper and clearer insight into the complex process of stress and burnout in a presently fast changing South African safety and security milieu. A biographical questionnaire as well as a semi-structured questionnaire was used in this research study, which followed a qualitative route. In-depth interviews were held with seven community police officers in the Port Elizabeth region, Eastern Cape. Six of these police officers were from urban areas and one was from a rural area. Content analysis revealed that various stressors, stress reactions, coping mechanisms and support sources as well as various degrees of self-esteem and burnout were manifested. The distinction and relationship between burnout and stress was also considered. In addition, emphasis was placed on biographical variables that play a role in the manifestation of stress among policemen. Each police officer's individual degree of stress experienced was related to a unique process in terms of the identified variables. An integrated description on their stress experiences was also presented in order to show both their uniqueness and similarities. Community policing as a general field of application is sorely under-researched in South Africa. Prior to the present study, no studies had been undertaken to specifically describe the stress process of police personnel in their new role as community policing officers. It has become clear that further research in this regard is required to bring about a deeper understanding of the stress experiences of community police personnel. A greater premium should be placed on all the persons involved in this area of research to address the problem of stress among the police profession and thus find solutions. The objective being to secure a greater safety for future generations and provide more support to the police.

This paper examines some causes of strain and frustration among police officers. Previous research suggests that police officers sufferfromthe lack of communication and support from their community. The failure of communication has caused turmoil in the past between communities and their police. A possible solution is community policing. Community policing is supposed to establish communication between the public and the police. Causes of strain and frustration among the police are discussed along with the possible benefits of community policing. Research has shown that community police officers suffer less strain and frustration than their brethren. On this premise a quantitative examination a police force in Northumbria, England was conducted. The quantitative analysis focuses on two groups; community police officers and police officers not involved in community policing.

Svensk polis står inför stora utmaningar och speciellt i de utsatta områdena. I polisens strävanså ingår det utvidga den lokalt förankrade polisen. Författarnas ambition är att titta på begreppet Community Policing eller COP och om begreppet tillämpas av svensk polis. Studien är en litteraturöversikt med systematisk ansats. I resultatet kommer författarna fram till att det finns många barriärer internationellt för implementeringen av Community Policing. I diskussionen fördessa teman fram som tydliga problem;  1. Resursbrist, 2. Utbildning, 3. Motstånd inom polisen, 4. Eventuell effekt, 5. Mätbarhet av resultat.  Vidare i diskussionen rekommenderar författarna att COP är ett koncept som borde vara intressant för svensk polis att arbeta utifrån men att problemen som nämnts ovan även skulle kunna vara barriärer i en svensk kontext. Oavsett är satsningen som krävs troligtvis väldigt stor enligt författarna, däremot skulle ett områdespoliskoncept med Community Policing som filosofi kunna bli en ny byggsten inom svensk polis.

No / This book primarily focuses on the emerging centrality of policing in transition societies, that is, conflict-prone, war-torn, and post-conflict communities. Policing in fragile, failed, and collapsed states has emerged as a critical driver for national development, provision of public goods such as security, democratic consolidation and the maintenance of sustainable peace, but at the same time perpetuators of insecurity and underdevelopment in contemporary Africa. An important aspect of the emerging centrality of policing in the increasing interest in the concept and practice of Community Policing that is gathering momentum across the continent.

The final Magister's work seeks to unfold problems of developing and implementing preventive programmes of the police. Statements of the work are based upon developing and implementing preventive programmes of the Klaipeda Chief Police Commissariat.

Submitted by Tatiana Lima (tatianasl@ufba.br) on 2015-03-23T21:35:36Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Souza, Jussara Maria Santos de.pdf: 3211474 bytes, checksum: 3b4228b1adad18fc74cd2f85533161b6 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Tatiana Lima (tatianasl@ufba.br) on 2015-04-06T18:02:00Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Souza, Jussara Maria Santos de.pdf: 3211474 bytes, checksum: 3b4228b1adad18fc74cd2f85533161b6 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-06T18:02:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Souza, Jussara Maria Santos de.pdf: 3211474 bytes, checksum: 3b4228b1adad18fc74cd2f85533161b6 (MD5) / Este trabalho estuda as relações entre o poder público e a sociedade, através da experiência do Projeto Mulheres da Paz, no bairro de Tancredo Neves, no ano de 2010, em Salvador, como uma das ações propostas pelo Programa Nacional de Segurança com Cidadania – PRONASCI. Procura conhecer como se expressam essas relações, na transformação da realidade local. O bairro de Tancredo Neves caracteriza-se como uma área conflagrada por elementos que aumentam a criminalidade em conseqüência da exclusão traduzida pela deficiência e/ou ausência de políticas públicas, sobretudo, para a juventude. Adota o conceito de democracia e os fundamentos do policiamento comunitário, partindo da premissa de que a mobilização e empoderamento de mulheres da comunidade constitui-se condição sine-quanon para se atingir os resultados de mediação esperados pelo projeto entre o poder público e a comunidade, estabelecendo-se uma espécie de poder local, com a participação e em benefício da coletividade. A metodologia adotada de natureza quali- quanti- fundamenta-se na filosofia do policiamento comunitário e nos princípios da democracia e tomou por base a visão dos atores envolvidos no projeto em foco, técnicos, mulheres selecionadas e capacitadas, bem como os policiais que atuam na área selecionada. Utilizou-se, ainda, o método de pesquisa etnográfico, partindo da tradição antropológica de pesquisa, com o objetivo de conhecer o que pensam os sujeitos envolvidos sobre suas práticas, privilegiando o contexto, onde o homem produz e reproduz as relações sociais já estabelecidas, levantando dados teóricos, aplicando questionários e entrevistas com perguntas fechadas e abertas, reunião, palestra, realizando técnicas de discussão reflexiva como o grupo focal, trazendo elementos observados em outras experiências nacionais. A análise revelou de um lado, a fragilidade das relações entre governo e sociedade na práxis fundada nos princípios da democracia, que prescinde de ações de natureza prolongada, de espaços físicos apropriados, de recursos financeiros e qualificação dos atores envolvidos; o desconhecimento, o não engajamentos e o medo de retaliações refletidos na não resposta e de outro uma demanda social de participação na construção, implementação, monitoramento e avaliação das políticas públicas de segurança. Por fim, contribui para uma análise crítica dos fatores que vêm constrangendo e/ou favorecendo a realização efetiva dos projetos de segurança com cidadania e para o aprofundamento das discussões relativas à importância do papel da relação dialógica, com respeito à pessoa, na construção e implementação de ações voltadas para o desenvolvimento das comunidades, com vistas à superação dos fatores que contribuem para o avanço da violência. This paper studies the relationship between the government and society through the experience of the Women's Peace Project in the neighborhood of Tancredo Neves, in 2010, in Salvador, as one of the actions proposed by the National Security and Citizenship - PRONASCI. Seeks to know how to express these relationships in the intertransformatividade of local reality. The neighborhood of Tancredo Neves is characterized by an inflamed area by element that increases crime rate as a result of the exclusion translated by disability and / or absence of public policies, especially for the youth. Adopts the concept of democracy and the fundamentals of community policing, on the premise that the mobilization and empowerment of women in the community constitutes condition sine-qua-non for achieving the results of mediation expected by the project between the government and the community, establishing a kind of local power, with the participation and the benefit of the community. The methodology of quantitative and qualitative nature based on the philosophy of community policing and the principles of democracy and was based on the view of the actors involved in the project, technical, selected and trained women as well as officers working in the selected area selected. The method of ethnographic research was also used, based on the anthropological tradition of research in order to know what those involved think about their practices, emphasizing the context in which man produces and reproduces social relations already established raising theoretical data, using questionnaires and interviews with both open and closed questions, meeting, lecture, making techniques such as reflective discussion with the group in question, bringing elements observed in other national experiences. The analysis has revealed in one hand, ignorance, lack of involvement and fear of retaliation of actors, reflecting the non-response, and the other the fragility of relations between government and society in praxis founded on the principles of democracy, which dispenses actions of prolonged nature, appropriate physical space, financial resources and skills of actors involved for participation in the construction, implementation, monitoring and evaluation of public policies. Finally, it contributes to a critical analysis of the factors that are constraining and / or favoring the effective realization of security projects respecting citizenship and the deepening of discussions on the importance of the role of the dialogic relation with respect to the person, the construction and implementation actions aimed at community development with a view to overcoming the factors that contribute to the growth of violence..

This research examines the political implications of community-police relations in the United States by exploring the link between race, perceptions of police performance, and trust in government. Relying on survey data, I examine these relationships for Blacks, Latinos, Asians, and Whites. In addition to examining the broader relationship between community-police relations and institutional trust, this dissertation examines (1) how police perceptions influence individuals' comfort in contacting the police, (2) how police violence and police perceptions influence trust in government, and (3) the effectiveness of community-oriented policing in building community-police relations and increasing trust in government. First, I find that these relationships are conditional on race and ethnicity. Black respondents, who are more likely to experience negative interactions with the police and who are less likely to have positive perceptions of the police, are less comfortable contacting them. Second, while police violence does not have a significant effect on public trust in government, police perceptions and perceptions of discrimination do. Respondents that perceive the police to be performing well and who do not believe their own racial group is being discriminated against, are more likely to express trust in government. Finally, I find that community-oriented policing has the potential to both improve perceptions of the police and increase trust in government. The central goal of this dissertation is to highlight the role that community-police relations have in influencing American politics and to emphasize the importance of exploring potential solutions to declining trust in the police.

This thesis examined the conditions under which taharrush (sexual harassment) has become normalized in Cairo, allowing acts once deemed unethical by Egyptians to become a daily experience. Experiences of taharrush were explored through an ethnographic study of three neighborhoods in Cairo and 20 semi-structured interviews with women from diverse backgrounds and age groups. Through the literature review of key themes and a historical analysis of the Egyptian context, this research explored the rise in sexual harassment over time and under different presidential regimes. The cross-generational aspect of this research highlighted the prevalence of sexual harassment in the past three decades. Furthermore, through the participants’ voices, numerous themes emerged explaining the increase of taharrush, such as: economic difficulties, decline in akhle (sense of community), and violence against women perpetrated by security officials. The interviews showed women’s experiences of sexual harassment, the perceived causes behind the issue of harassment being trivialized and normalized, and ways in which women combat harassment and security issues within Cairo. / February 2016

Syftet med studien var att beskriva områdespolisers syn på att arbeta nära medborgaren samt om och i så fall hur synen på arbetet skiljde sig mellan områdespoliser i en storstadsregion och en glesbygdsregion. Genom semistrukturerade intervjuer med sex områdespoliser, tre från vardera region, fann vi att samtliga intervjudeltagare hade svårt att definiera vad det innebar att arbeta nära medborgaren. De hade även svårt att urskilja vad som var brottsförebyggande och reaktivt i arbetet. En tydlig skillnad mellan områdespolisernas syn på arbetet var att de intervjuade i storstaden fokuserade på individen medan de i glesbygden fokuserade på det lokala samhället. Detta var återkommande skillnader genom hela resultatet. Områdespolisernas arbete förknippades med flera olika utmaningar och möjligheter men samtliga intervjudeltagare såg positivt på att arbeta mot att komma närmare medborgaren och att bli mer brottsförebyggande. / The aim of the study was to describe the views of community police officers towards working close to the citizen and if the views differed between community police officers in a metropolitan area and in a rural region, and if so, how they differed. Through semi structured interviews with six community police officers, three from each region, we found that all interviewees had difficulty defining what it meant to be close to the citizen. They also had difficulty distinguishing what was preventive and reactive in their work. A clear difference between the viewpoints of the work was that interviewees in the metropolitan area focused on the individuals while the interviewees in the rural areas focused on the local society. These were frequent differences throughout the result. The work of the community police officers was associated with a variety of challenges and opportunities, but all interviewees were pleased to work towards getting closer to the citizen and becoming more preventive.