A comparative analysis of the musical transcriptions of Dorothy Ashby with those of her predecessors proves that Ashby was a uniquely powerful and innovative influence on the genre of jazz harp. This dissertation begins with a summative biography of Ashby, following her education in both jazz and classical music through to her career highlights as a performer, arranger and composer. An analysis of Ashby's recordings reveals the development of her groundbreaking musical style throughout her life. This paper also examines Ashby's social activism through musical theatre, especially with regards to combating racism. Next, a brief biography of jazz harp forerunners Casper Reardon and Adele Girard precedes a comparative analysis of Reardon's "Aint' Misbehavin" with Ashby's "Soft Winds" and a comparative analysis of Girard's "Harp Boogie" with Ashby's "Blues for Mr. K." Finally, myriad examples of current musicians covering and sampling her work confirm the paramount and lasting influence of Dorothy Ashby's music.

Although early Venetian operas by composers such as Claudio Monteverdi and Francesco Cavalli offer today's listeners profound moments of emotion, the complex codes of meaning connecting emotion (or affect) with music in this repertoire are different from those of later seventeenth-century operatic repertoire. The specific textual and musical markers that librettists and composers used to indicate individual emotions in these operas were historically and culturally contingent, and many scholars thus consider them to be inaccessible to listeners today. This dissertation demonstrates a new analytical framework that is designed to identify the specific combinations of elements that communicate each lifelike emotion in this repertoire. Re-establishing the codes that govern the relationship between text, musical sound, and affect in this repertoire illuminates the nuanced emotional language of operas by composers such as Claudio Monteverdi, Francesco Cavalli, Antonio Cesti, and Francesco Lucio. The new analytical framework that underlies this study derives from analysis of seventeenth-century Venetian explanations and depictions of emotional processes, which reveal a basis in their society's underlying Aristotelian philosophy. Chapters III and IV examine extant documents from opera librettists, composers, audience members, and their associates to reveal how they understood emotions to work in the mind and body. These authors, many of whom were educated by Aristotelian scholars at the nearby University of Padua, understood action and emotion to be bound together in a reciprocal, causal relationship, and this synthesis was reflected in the way that they depicted affect in opera. It also guided the ways that singer-actors performed and audiences interpreted this music. In contrast, post-1660 Baroque operas from France and Italy express affect according to the musical conventions of the Doctrine of Affections (based in the ideas of René Descartes) and aim to present a single, clear emotion for each large semantic unit (recitative or aria). This paradigm does not hold true for operas composed before 1660; thus, this vibrant repertoire requires a new analytical approach that respects its pre-Cartesian musical aesthetics. Early Venetian opera composers express not just one, but many affects in each semantic unit. In their operas, musical sound interacts directly with text and dramatic action on a line-by-line basis to produce an unprecedented fluidity of emotional meaning. Chapter II describes a new analytical framework based in this understanding to reveal the means that librettists, composers, and performers used to communicate emotion in this repertoire. Chapters V through X contain hermeneutic and musical analyses (according to the method described in Chapter II) of case studies drawn from Venetian operas performed between 1640 and 1658. These chapters illustrate how this repertoire uses a flexible but well-defined system of musical and textual markers to convey characters' emotions. This new approach unlocks an aesthetic system that privileges the fluid, real-time emotional reactions of the individual in accordance with Aristotelian emotional understanding. In Chapters XI and XII, supporting information gleaned from seventeenth-century acting treatises, reception documents, and conduct books enables an examination of the singer's role in depicting these textual and musical representations of affect in performance. These two chapters address seventeenth-century views on affective communication through voice acting and physical gesture, together with recommendations for today's singers who perform this repertoire. In taking a systematic approach to the identification of specific textual, musical, and gestural means for communicating affect in early Venetian opera, this dissertation offers a new approach to analyzing and performing its dynamic emotional content.

The objective of this dissertation is to review the discrepancies between Concert Sans Orchestre and Grande Sonate edited by Ernst Herttrich, Grosse Sonate No.3 Op.14 Erste and Zweite Ausgabe edited by Clara Schumann of Robert Schumann's No.3 Op.14, providing assistance for performers by clarifying inconsistencies between the three editions. Information in reference to major aspects such as notes, rhythms, metronome marking and expression signs is presented. Examples of discrepancies found throughout the first movement are discussed in Chapter 3. Suggested solutions are followed by each example.

Unsuk Chin (b.1961), a Korean-born woman composer, was a student of Gyorgy Sandor Ligeti (1923-2006). Chin's work reflects the influence of Ligeti but also undeniably has its own style. This study investigates the six piano etudes so far published from 12 Piano Etudes (1995-2003) by Unsuk Chin and compares them with Ligeti's piano etudes to highlight the influence of the teacher on the student and to aid pianists in facing the unique technical challenges posed by both sets of etudes. The practice guide provided in this study for each specific technical difficulty requires a degree of patience from a student which, if followed, will enhance the performance.

The Cello Concerto in B-flat major, G.482, by Italian composer Luigi Boccherini (1743-1805), is the composer's most beloved work for the instrument, as well as one of the most performed pieces in the Classical concerto repertoire. Historically, cellists performing this work have used an edition prepared by German cellist Friedrich Grützmacher (1832-1903). However, an 'original' version that was discovered in 1949 is significantly different from that of Grützmacher. A comparison of both editions has revealed that Grützmacher in fact made considerable modifications to Boccherini's 'original.' Along with the issue of having two editions, cellists that have played the 'original' edition have noted that there are certain practical and interpretative matters that are not favorable to the cellist, particularly in terms of the way the music is notated and how it lacks many details. This dissertation provides clarity to these issues by undertaking a comprehensive analysis of both editions in order to make cellists become aware of the differences between both editions by comparing musical elements from a performance practice viewpoint. In addition, I discuss relevant issues that are present in the 'original' version, ultimately providing an alternative performance edition to this score that is based on historically informed performance (HIP) practices. Finally, I hope to draw attention on how a performance edition like this can be useful as a rare critical source to one of the major works from the eighteenth-century cello repertoire.

Service-learning, with a longstanding history in American higher education (Burkhardt & Pasque, 2005), includes three key tenets: superior academic learning, meaningful and relevant community service, and persistent civic learning (McGoldrick and Ziegert, 2002). The Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching has created an elective classification system – Carnegie Community Engagement Classification – for institutions of higher education to demonstrate the breadth and depth of student involvement and learning through partnerships and engagement in the community (Dalton & Crosby, 2011; Hurtado & DeAngelo, 2012; Kuh et al., 2008; Pryor, Hurtado, Saenz, Santos, & Korn, 2007). Community engagement "is in the culture, commonly understood practices and knowledge, and (CCEC helps determine) whether it is really happening – rhetoric versus reality" (J. Saltmarsh, personal communication, August 11, 2014). The study considers the applications of three Carnegie Community Engagement Classification designated institutions to understand the institutionalization of service-learning over time by examining the 2008 designation and 2015 reclassification across institution types – a Private Liberal Arts College, a Private Teaching University, and a Public Research University located in the same metropolitan area. Organizational Change Theory was used as a theoretical model. Case study methodology was used in the present qualitative research to perform document analysis with qualitative interviews conducted to elucidate the data from the 2008 and 2015 CCEC applications from the three institutions. Using intra- and inter-comparative analysis, this study highlights approaches, policies, ethos, and emerging concepts to inform how higher education institutions increase the quality and quantity of service-learning opportunities that benefit higher education practitioners as well as community leaders.

This study examines the implementation and enforcement of the right to environment in the Constitution of the Democratic Republic of Congo, and compares it with the situation in South Africa. To date, there is no legislation in the DRC that gives effect to this right, and the gap between the guaranteed right and the reality remains significant. Guidance may be found in the South African model for implementing and enforcing environmental right(s) which is sustained by an array of legislation. While the priorities on the agenda of political leaders in the DRC lack real willingness to deal with this matter, parliament must be pressured to pass legislation that gives effect to the right to environment and to improve the current framework of environmental regulation. It is imperative to create awareness in government and at grassroots level for the protection of the environment as a human right. / Jurisprudence / LL.M.

This Master thesis explores delinquency of juvenile Czechs and Germans from seventh to ninth grade based on quantitative data. The data comes from an International Self-Report Delinquency study (ISRD-2), which is anchored primarily in the Social control theory (Hirschi, 1969/2002) and the General theory of crime (Gottfredson, Hirschi, 1990). Therefore, in the first section, attention is paid to these and other selected criminological theories; the other theories are mainly the strain theories and the cultural deviance theories. In the second section, the thesis deals briefly with the socio- cultural differences and similarities between the Czech Republic and Germany. The core of the thesis is the third, analytical section, which presents the findings of statistical analysis. A conclusion is reached that the theories studied are by far less contradictory than what the authors of the social control theory and the general theory of crime claimed them to be. It rather seems that the individual theories are complementary and often lead to the same predictions. Hypotheses are confirmed that some characteristics of the pupils` relation to their school are related to delinquency: Pupils who like going to school are somewhat less delinquent than pupils who do not. Pupils who play truant are substantially...

The thesis titled “The theory of thwarted belongingness and its relation to youth violence” presents the findings of a qualitative study that focussed on late adolescents who have committed physical assault and who were referred to a diversion programme by a court. The study followed a grounded theory methodology approach for which convenience sampling, purposeful sampling and theoretical sampling were used to obtain participants. Semi-structured interviews were conducted and the data were analysed through constant comparative analysis. From the analysis the theory on thwarted belongingness emerged that explains how the adolescents attempt to negotiate a sense of belonging. The theory further explains how failed negotiations are dealt with and when one could expect violent behaviour to occur. In general, the current research study creates awareness of the psychological non-shared environment and its potential role in the development of behaviour. Future research should be focussed on the saturation of categories and dimensions that have not been fully saturated in the current study and to test the theory of thwarted belongingness since it is a newly generated theoretical stance that needs to be validated. / Psychology / Ph. D. (Psychology)

Text in German, with summaries in German, English, Afrikaans, and isiZulu / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 111-117) / Das Themengebiet der Wirtschaftsethik bezieht sich auf eine gesellschaftlich höchst relevante Thematik, insofern das Denken in der modernen wirtschaftswissenschaftlichen Disziplin als auch die diesbezüglich tagtäglich im Wirtschaftsleben geübte Praxis teils sehr negative Konsequenzen für Mensch und Umwelt zeitigen. Vor diesem Hintergrund soll in dieser Arbeit das Verhaltensmodells der Standardökonomie, welches den durchschnittlichen wirtschaftlichen Akteur (homo oeconomicus) als rationalen Gewinn- und Nutzenmaximierer beschreibt, in Hinblick auf die zugrunde liegenden normativ-ethischen Grundlagen und den daraus abgeleiteten Umgang mit den beiden zentralen Produktionsfaktoren Arbeit und Kapital untersucht werden. Sodann wird das dahinterstehende Menschenbild und ethische Verhaltensmodell der biblisch-christlichen Anthropologie und Ethik gegenübergestellt und es werden die diesbezüglichen Gemeinsamkeiten und Differenzen herausgearbeitet. In der Beantwortung der Forschungsfrage wird auf ein spezifisch christlich-evangelikales Schrift- und Auslegungsverständnis zurückgegriffen. Die gegenständliche Arbeit zeigt, dass i) das christliche Menschen- und Gottesbild alle Lebensbereiche und somit auch den des Wirtschaftslebens umfasst und ii) sich Gemeinsamkeiten und Differenzen in den Menschenbildern und ethischen Verhaltensmodellen identifizieren lassen. Weiterführende Ansätze werden am Ende skizziert. / The topic of economic ethics refers to a highly relevant societal issue, as the analytical thinking in modern economic science as well as everyday business practice are in part responsible for substantial negative effects on human beings and the environment. Against this background, this research paper describes the behavioural model of standard economics (homo oeconomicus) in terms of the underlying ethical foundations. In the next step, the underlying anthropology and ethics of the homo oeconomicus model are contrasted with the biblical Christian view, and common features as well as fundamental differences are elaborated on. This research paper shows that i) Christian anthropology and ethics refer to all areas of life including the area of economic activity; and ii) common features as well as fundamental differences can be identified. The concluding section outlines some approaches to adapt the standard economic modelling on the basis of biblical principles. / Ekonomiese etiek is ’n hoogs tersaaklike samelewingsvraagstuk omdat analitiese denke in moderne ekonomiese wetenskap én in alledaagse sakepraktyke beduidende gevolge inhou wat ’n negatiewe invloed op mense en die omgewing het. In die lig hiervan beskryf hierdie navorsing die behavioristiese model van standaardekonomie (homo oeconomicus) in terme van die onderliggende etiese grondslag. In die volgende stap word die onderliggende antropologie en etiek van die homo oeconomicus-model en ’n bybelse, christelike standpunt teenoor mekaar gestel. Die kenmerke wat hierdie twee beskouings met mekaar gemeen het sowel as die verskille tussen hulle word in detail uiteengesit. Hierdie studie toon i) dat christelike antropologie en etiek van toepassing is op alle terreine van die lewe, insluitend ekonomiese aktiwiteite; en ii) dat gedeelde kenmerke én grondliggende verskille geïdentifiseer kan word. As deel van die gevolgtrekking word voorgestel hoe die standaard- ekonomiese model aan die hand van bybelse beginsels aangepas kan word. / Isihloko senkambiso elungileyo yezomnotho sibhekiswe odabeni oluphathelene nomphakathi olusemqoka futhi okungudaba olufanelekile kakhulu, njengoba ukucabanga-sakuhlaziya emkhakheni wesayensi yezomnotho wesimanje manje ngokunjalo nezinqubo-nkambiso zansukuzonke eziphathelene nebhizinisi ngandlelathile kunaso isandla kumthelela omubi kakhulu owenzekayo kubantu nakwimvelo. Ngokususela kulesi simo, leli phepha locwaningo lichaza imodeli yokuziphatha eqondiswe emkhakheni wezomnotho ojwayelekile (homo oeconomicus) ngokwezisekelo zenkambiso elungileyo eziqondene nalokhu. Esinyathelweni esilandelayo, isayensi yemvelaphi kanye nenhlalo yabantu (anthropology) kanye nenkambiso elungileyo yemodeli ye-homo oeconomicus eyisisekelo salokhu kuqhathaniswa nombono wobuKrestu wasebhayibhelini, futhi kuchazwa kabanzi ngezinto ezifanayo ezitholakala kulokhu kokubili kanjalo nezicibunjalo ezibalulekile ezenza lokhu kwehluke. Leli phepha locwaningo liyabonisa ukuthi i) imvelaphi nenhlalo yabantu ngokobuKrestu kanye nezinkambiso ezilungileyo zobuKrestu kuqondiswe kuyo yonke imikhakha yempilo kubandakanya nomkhakha wemisebenzi yezomnotho; futhi ii) zingahlonzeka izinto ezifanayo kanye nezinto ezibalulekile ezihlukile kulokhu okubili. Isigaba sokuphothula sibeka ngokucacile izindlela ezithile zokuhambelanisa amamodeli ezomnotho ajwayelekile nemigomo yebhayibheli. / Philosophy, Practical and Systematic Theology / M. Th. (Theological Ethics)