The behaviour of spontaneous environmental scanning is influenced by organisational factors. The focus of the scanning behaviour is influenced by organisational precepts in the working conditions as well as by the general situation in the organisation. Motivational factors, especially intrinsic motivation, have an effect on the intensity of the scanning behaviour. The author argues that organisations´environmental scanning ability is primarily based on the possibilities for the members to scan the environment in a directed manner. This is also an important prerequisite for the establishment of organised environmental scanning. / Diss. Stockholm : Handelshögsk.

La présente recherche doctorale ancrée en Sciences de l’information et de la communication traite de la place de la réserve militaire dans la Politique publique d’Intelligence économique française. Interdisciplinaire par essence, attaché aux pratiques informationnelles et acteur-centré, notre travail de recherche vise une meilleure intelligence du fait social étudié en vue d’accroître la mobilisation et la participation des réservistes militaires au cœur de la Politique publique d’Intelligence économique.Trois apports majeurs découlent de notre étude : une analyse des mutations du volontariat en général et de la réserve en particulier, l’élaboration du panorama des activités de réserve touchant à l’Intelligence économique et la proposition d’un modèle agrégatif du profil motivationnel et d’engagement des réservistes militaires attachés à de telles missions. / The present doctoral research stands in the specific French field that mixes Information science and communication. It deals with finding the right place for the military reserve within the French public policy of competitive intelligence. It’s an interdisciplary work focusing on information practices and an actor-centered work. Our research brings three main elements : an accurate analyse of « volunteers’ transformations» and the consequences it fathers on management, a panorama of the competitive intelligence activities that reservists can perform (such as Cyberdefense, influence, defense industry, advice and training) and a proposal of a motivationnal and commitment profile for reservists dealing with information and particularly with competitive intelligence.

A Revolução Industrial pode ser considerada o estopim para o aumento da competição. Desde que se iniciou a produção em escala e mais de uma fábrica passou a produzir o mesmo produto, a necessidade pelo acompanhamento do que os concorrentes estão fazendo, do que os clientes estão querendo, e de outras questões relacionadas ao ambiente, a competição só aumentou. No início dos anos 2000, começaram a surgir, com mais ênfase no Brasil, metodologias que vão ao encontro deste olhar para o ambiente externo, denominadas metodologias de inteligência. São inúmeras. Ao mesmo tempo, com o advento da Internet, cada vez mais, informações estão disponíveis para proporcionar o acompanhamento do que está acontecendo em cada um dos ambientes de competição onde as organizações estão inseridas. ( Continuação) Desta forma, levando-se em consideração as metodologias de inteligência disponíveis e as premissas sobre grandes volumes de informações para acompanhamento dos ambientes de competição, faz sentido imaginar que um software que apoie esse cenário, contribui. Entretanto, quais requisitos funcionais um software de apoio ao processo de inteligência deveria ter? Esta e outras questões estão colocadas como objetivos deste trabalho. Através de extensa pesquisa bibliográfica na área de administração de empresas e entrevistas em profundidade com quatro especialistas e cinco profissionais em inteligência, puderam-se identificar estas funcionalidades de tecnologia e, ao final deste estudo, propor uma relação de requisitos funcionais de software capaz de contribuir para este importante processo executado nas principais organizações brasileiras. / The industrial revolution may be viewed as the spark that triggered the escalating of competition among companies. Ever since the advent of mass production and the ensuing manufacturing of similar, if not, exactly the same products, by different manufacturers has lead to the increasing need to monitor the activities of competitors, customer‟s needs, and other matters related, in one way or another, to the competitive environment. The early 2000‟s witnessed the birth of innumerable models, later denominated intelligence methodologies, that target the monitoring of a company‟s external environment. Parallel to this, the growth of the Internet lead to greater amounts of information capable of providing deeper understanding of the state and events occurring in the competitive environments in which a company acts as a player Thus, given the diversity of intelligence methodologies and the availability of vast amounts information that can be used to track the competitive environment, it is impelling to assume that an adequate software technology could be of significant help in such a scenario. However, what functionalities or features should a software technology have to effectively support a competitive intelligence effort? This and other questions are dealt and are the object of this study. Through extensive bibliographic research in the area of business administration, and in-depth interviews of four experts and five acting professionals in intelligence, it was possible to identify key technology features and, as result of this study, present a proposal for a functional requirements check-list for a software capable of supporting such an important process carried out presently in major Brazilian organizations.

A Revolução Industrial pode ser considerada o estopim para o aumento da competição. Desde que se iniciou a produção em escala e mais de uma fábrica passou a produzir o mesmo produto, a necessidade pelo acompanhamento do que os concorrentes estão fazendo, do que os clientes estão querendo, e de outras questões relacionadas ao ambiente, a competição só aumentou. No início dos anos 2000, começaram a surgir, com mais ênfase no Brasil, metodologias que vão ao encontro deste olhar para o ambiente externo, denominadas metodologias de inteligência. São inúmeras. Ao mesmo tempo, com o advento da Internet, cada vez mais, informações estão disponíveis para proporcionar o acompanhamento do que está acontecendo em cada um dos ambientes de competição onde as organizações estão inseridas. ( Continuação) Desta forma, levando-se em consideração as metodologias de inteligência disponíveis e as premissas sobre grandes volumes de informações para acompanhamento dos ambientes de competição, faz sentido imaginar que um software que apoie esse cenário, contribui. Entretanto, quais requisitos funcionais um software de apoio ao processo de inteligência deveria ter? Esta e outras questões estão colocadas como objetivos deste trabalho. Através de extensa pesquisa bibliográfica na área de administração de empresas e entrevistas em profundidade com quatro especialistas e cinco profissionais em inteligência, puderam-se identificar estas funcionalidades de tecnologia e, ao final deste estudo, propor uma relação de requisitos funcionais de software capaz de contribuir para este importante processo executado nas principais organizações brasileiras. / The industrial revolution may be viewed as the spark that triggered the escalating of competition among companies. Ever since the advent of mass production and the ensuing manufacturing of similar, if not, exactly the same products, by different manufacturers has lead to the increasing need to monitor the activities of competitors, customer‟s needs, and other matters related, in one way or another, to the competitive environment. The early 2000‟s witnessed the birth of innumerable models, later denominated intelligence methodologies, that target the monitoring of a company‟s external environment. Parallel to this, the growth of the Internet lead to greater amounts of information capable of providing deeper understanding of the state and events occurring in the competitive environments in which a company acts as a player Thus, given the diversity of intelligence methodologies and the availability of vast amounts information that can be used to track the competitive environment, it is impelling to assume that an adequate software technology could be of significant help in such a scenario. However, what functionalities or features should a software technology have to effectively support a competitive intelligence effort? This and other questions are dealt and are the object of this study. Through extensive bibliographic research in the area of business administration, and in-depth interviews of four experts and five acting professionals in intelligence, it was possible to identify key technology features and, as result of this study, present a proposal for a functional requirements check-list for a software capable of supporting such an important process carried out presently in major Brazilian organizations.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T19:52:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 832.pdf: 1863922 bytes, checksum: b44a553add41b8a7c80671d8c03ce3c7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-01-23 / With the aim of contributing for the increase of the efficiency and effectiveness of the units of Competitive Intelligence (IC) in the ambit of the people's administration, the present research has as general objective to develop a systematic procedure to map knowledge, abilities and attitudes for IC professionals, based on the model of Administration of People for Competencies (APC). The research method that was adopted was the research-action and the application was carried out within the Center for Information Technology in Materials (NIT/Materiais) of the Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), specialized in accomplishing IC projects. The obtained results were: the identification of a group of referential competencies for IC professionals; the creation of a glossary of attributes of IC competencies (Knowledge, Abilities and Attitudes); the development of the tool Levantamento de Atributos, for the collection of information seeking the definition of the organizational competencies; and the formalization of the profile of competencies for the IC professionals of the studied organization. Starting from the obtained results and of the discussion raised around the thematic of the competencies in IC, it was possible to conclude that the APC model can contribute to the creation and development of more efficient and effective IC teams, in a process of continuous improvement. / Com o intuito de contribuir para o aumento da eficiência e eficácia das unidades de Inteligência Competitiva (IC) no âmbito da gestão de pessoas, a presente pesquisa teve como objetivo geral desenvolver uma sistemática para mapear conhecimentos, habilidades e atitudes para profissionais de IC, baseado no modelo de Gestão de Pessoas Por Competências (GPPC). O método de pesquisa adotado foi a pesquisa-ação e a aplicação foi realizada junto ao Núcleo de Informação Tecnológica em Materiais (NIT/Materiais) da Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), especializado em realização de projetos de IC. Os resultados obtidos foram: a identificação de um conjunto de competências referenciais para profissionais de IC; a criação de um glossário de atributos de competência de IC (Conhecimentos, Habilidades e Atitudes); o desenvolvimento da ferramenta Levantamento de Atributos, para a coleta de informações visando a definição das competências organizacionais; e a formalização do perfil de competências para os profissionais de IC da organização estudada. A partir dos resultados obtidos e da discussão suscitada em torno da temática das competências em IC, foi possível concluir que o modelo GPPC pode contribuir para a criação e desenvolvimento de equipes de IC mais eficientes e eficazes, num processo de melhoria contínua.

A Revolução Industrial pode ser considerada o estopim para o aumento da competição. Desde que se iniciou a produção em escala e mais de uma fábrica passou a produzir o mesmo produto, a necessidade pelo acompanhamento do que os concorrentes estão fazendo, do que os clientes estão querendo, e de outras questões relacionadas ao ambiente, a competição só aumentou. No início dos anos 2000, começaram a surgir, com mais ênfase no Brasil, metodologias que vão ao encontro deste olhar para o ambiente externo, denominadas metodologias de inteligência. São inúmeras. Ao mesmo tempo, com o advento da Internet, cada vez mais, informações estão disponíveis para proporcionar o acompanhamento do que está acontecendo em cada um dos ambientes de competição onde as organizações estão inseridas. ( Continuação) Desta forma, levando-se em consideração as metodologias de inteligência disponíveis e as premissas sobre grandes volumes de informações para acompanhamento dos ambientes de competição, faz sentido imaginar que um software que apoie esse cenário, contribui. Entretanto, quais requisitos funcionais um software de apoio ao processo de inteligência deveria ter? Esta e outras questões estão colocadas como objetivos deste trabalho. Através de extensa pesquisa bibliográfica na área de administração de empresas e entrevistas em profundidade com quatro especialistas e cinco profissionais em inteligência, puderam-se identificar estas funcionalidades de tecnologia e, ao final deste estudo, propor uma relação de requisitos funcionais de software capaz de contribuir para este importante processo executado nas principais organizações brasileiras. / The industrial revolution may be viewed as the spark that triggered the escalating of competition among companies. Ever since the advent of mass production and the ensuing manufacturing of similar, if not, exactly the same products, by different manufacturers has lead to the increasing need to monitor the activities of competitors, customer‟s needs, and other matters related, in one way or another, to the competitive environment. The early 2000‟s witnessed the birth of innumerable models, later denominated intelligence methodologies, that target the monitoring of a company‟s external environment. Parallel to this, the growth of the Internet lead to greater amounts of information capable of providing deeper understanding of the state and events occurring in the competitive environments in which a company acts as a player Thus, given the diversity of intelligence methodologies and the availability of vast amounts information that can be used to track the competitive environment, it is impelling to assume that an adequate software technology could be of significant help in such a scenario. However, what functionalities or features should a software technology have to effectively support a competitive intelligence effort? This and other questions are dealt and are the object of this study. Through extensive bibliographic research in the area of business administration, and in-depth interviews of four experts and five acting professionals in intelligence, it was possible to identify key technology features and, as result of this study, present a proposal for a functional requirements check-list for a software capable of supporting such an important process carried out presently in major Brazilian organizations.

Empresas em um mercado globalizado adotaram, desde a última metade do século XX, diversas iniciativas para compor estratégias competitivas que garantissem sua sobrevivência de longo prazo. Um conjunto dessas inciativas podem ser agrupadas em projetos de inteligência competitiva, que apesar dos diversos termos que comumente são usados, se resumem na busca e compreensão de informações do ambiente externo da empresa, a fim de formar um cenário situacional, e de auxiliar a tomada de decisão e a elaboração da estratégia corporativa. Iniciativas de inteligência competitiva também consomem recursos organizacionais e, mesmo com o potencial benefício esperado com seus resultados, muitos são abandonados ainda em fase de planejamento. Outros são abortados após o início das atividades, ou até após algum tempo de funcionamento, uma vez verificado que não estão satisfazendo os objetivos organizacionais. O objetivo desse trabalho é identificar quais fatores levam a organização a abandonar iniciativas de inteligência competitiva, e como esses fatores surgem e se desenvolvem dentro das organizações, tomando-se por base fatores já previamente levantados por autores que estudaram fracassos de projetos de implantação de sistemas de informação. Foi desenvolvido um modelo de pesquisa, englobando também fatores operacionais desejáveis na execução das atividades de inteligência. O estudo investigou em profundidade três casos de abandono de projetos de inteligência, em empresas de grande porte, que possuíam atividades de inteligência desenvolvidas sobre estrutura, modo de funcionamento e níveis de maturidade distintos. Como resultado do trabalho, foi identificado que a perenidade das atividades de inteligência possui uma grande dependência do apoio da alta administração, de uma cultura voltada à utilização e compartilhamento de informações e de um pleno entendimento dos conceitos e objetivos pretendidos. Questões relativas a deficiências operacionais das atividades não foram identificadas como capazes de influenciar a decisão de abandono, representando um grande conhecimento do assunto por parte desses profissionais. Conclusões gerais do trabalho, considerações sobre as limitações e dificuldades para a realização da pesquisa e sugestões para futuros estudos são trazidos. / Companies in a globalized market adopts, since the last half of the 20th century, many initiatives to build competitive strategies that garantees the long term survival. Some of this initiatives may be seen as competitive intelligence projects that, although many terms they are known, can be resumed in the search and compreension of external information if the environment of the company, to form a situational scenario, and to assist decision-making and the development of corporate strategy. Competitive intelligence initiatives also consume organizational resources and, even with the potential benefit with its expected results, many are left still in the planning stages. Others are aborted after the start of activities, or even after some time of operation, once verified that are not meeting organizational objectives.The aim of this study is to identify which factors lead the organization to abandon competitive intelligence initiatives, and how these factors arise and develop within organizations, taking as base factors previously raised by authors who have studied the failures of information systems implementation projects. It was developed a research model, encompassing operational factors also desirable in carrying out intelligence activities. The study investigated, in a deep way, three cases of abandonment of intelligence projects in large companies, who possessed intelligence activities disposed in deferent structures, modes of operation and different levels of maturity. As a result of the work, it was identified that the perpetuity of the intelligence activities has a large dependence on the support of sênior management, a culture dedicated to the use and sharing of information and a full understanding of the concepts and objectives intended. Questions regarding the operational deficiencies of the activities were not identified as capable of influencing the decision to drop, representing a wide knowledge of the subject by these professionals. General conclusions of the work, considerations about the limitations and difficulties for the research and suggestions for future studies are brought.

This Master´s Thesis introduces options of using Comptitive Intelligence to predict future actions of Competitor in Competitive environment.

The research focuses on the utilisation of open-source information in augmentation of the all-source counterespionage endeavour. The study has the principal objective of designing, contextualising and elucidating a micro-theoretical framework for open-source environmental scanning within the civilian, statutory counterespionage sphere. The research is underpinned by the central assumption that the environmental scanning and the contextual analysis of overt information will enable the identification, description and prioritisation of espionage risks that would not necessarily have emerged through the statutory counterespionage process in which secretly collected information predominates. The environmental scanning framework is further assumed to offer a theoretical foundation to surmount a degenerative counterespionage spiral driven by an over-reliance on classified information. Flowing from the central assumption, five further assumptions formulated and tested in the research are the following: (1) A methodically demarcated referent premise enables the focusing and structuring of the counterespionage environmental scanning process amid the exponential proliferation of overt information. (2) Effective environmental scanning of overt information for counterespionage necessitates a distinctive definition of ‘risk’ and ‘threat’, as these are interlinked yet different concepts. It is therefore asserted that current notions of ‘threat’ and ‘risk’ are inadequate for feasible employment within an overt counterespionage environmental scanning framework. (3) A framework for overt counterespionage environmental scanning has as its primary requirement the ability to identify diverse risks, descriptively and predicatively, on a strategic as well as a tactical level. (4) The degree of adversity in the relationship between a government and an adversary constitutes the principal indicator and determinant of an espionage risk. (5) The logical accommodation of a framework for overt counterespionage environmental scanning necessitates a distinctive counterintelligence cycle, as existing conceptualisations of the intelligence cycle are inadequate. The study’s objective and the testing of these five assumptions are pursued on both the theoretical and pragmatic-utilitarian levels. The framework for counterespionage, open-source environmental scanning and risk assessment is presented as part of a multilayered unison of alternative theoretical propositions on the all-source intelligence, counterintelligence and counterespionage processes. It is furthermore advanced from the premise of an alternative proposition on an integrated approach to open-source intelligence. On a pragmatic-utilitarian level, the framework’s design is informed and its application elucidated through an examination of the 21st century espionage reality confronting the nation state, contemporary statutory counterintelligence measures and the ‘real-life’ difficulties of open-source intelligence confronting practitioners. Although with certain qualifications, the assumptions are in the main validated by the research. The research furthermore affirms this as an exploratory thesis in a largely unexplored field. / Thesis (Ph.D)--University of Pretoria, 2010. / Political Sciences / Unrestricted

The main theme of the thesis is the application of methods of information and knowledge-based disciplines - Competitive Intelligence on the building industry of the Czech Republic. The first part provides a comprehensive overview of theoretical information which are necessary to describe Competitive Intelligence. From the outset, it gradually forms detailed description about the entire field as far as detailed procedures with the application of various analytical methods, in the form of formalized definitions of Competitive Intelligence. The most common methods which are listed below in particular are SLEPT analysis, SWOT analysis, an analysis of five porter forces, BCG matrix, and others. The practical part of work is an application of process and methods of Competitive Intelligence on the Czech building market. This part gradually specifies individual steps of analysis (definition of objectives, procedures, identification and exploitation of information resources, etc.) and presents its final output, which is suitably complemented with a description of information resources. Chapter concludes the summary of the main trends and factors involved in the building industry, which complements the recommendations for the building companies to increase their competitiveness. There is also important summary and characteristics of selected information sources.