Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es, die Verwendung von Modellen in schriftlichen Erklärungen optischer Phänomene vor dem Hintergrund eines praxisorientierten Modellbegriffs zu analysieren. Dafür wird ausgehend von einer bereits existierenden Charakterisierung von Modellen ein praxisrelevanter Modellbegriff entwickelt und dargelegt, wie Erklärungen in Bezug auf diesen Begriff zu verstehen sind. Als wesentliches Merkmal von Modellen stellt sich dabei ihre Position als funktionale Vermittler zwischen Ausschnitten von Phänomenen und Theorien heraus. Sprachliche Erklärungen sind demnach sprachliche Darstellungen von Modellen. Zur Untersuchung der Schwierigkeiten Physiklernender in schriftlichen Erklärungen wird ein geeignetes Verfahren zur Analyse der Modellstruktur in den Erklärungen entwickelt. Als geeignete Darstellung dieser Struktur erweisen sich Concept Maps, die hier jedoch noch um eine Kategorienstruktur erweitert werden. Das Verfahren zum Erstellen von kategorienorientierten Concept Maps kann in einer Vorstudie als reliabel und valide gekennzeichnet werden. In einer qualitativen Untersuchung von 64 Erklärungen Physikstudierender und Experten zu Phänomenen der optischen Hebung wird das Verfahren angewendet. Dabei können verschiedene Schwierigkeiten präzise benannt werden. Studierende führen das Phänomen teilweise einzig auf den Begriff der Brechung von Licht zurück, ohne diesen Zusammenhang präzise darzulegen. In einigen Erklärungen werden Begriffe aus nicht relevanten optischen Konzepten eingebunden, es fehlen zentrale Elemente oder Erklärungen zerfallen in Fragmente. Vor allem die Schnittstelle zwischen Phänomen und Theorie zeigt sich besonders fehleranfällig. Kategorienorientierte Concept Maps eignen sich auch, um auf Basis der fehlerbehafteten Erklärungen Vorschläge für konstruktive Interventionen zu entwickeln, die zu einer fachlich angemessenen Erklärung führen. Die Ergebnisse belegen die Notwendigkeit und Fruchtbarkeit eines praxisorientierten Modellbegriffs. / Goal of this thesis is to analyze the use of models in written explanations of optics phenomena, based on a practice-orientated framework on models. Starting from an already existing framework, an authentic model conception will be developed and the notion ‘explanation’ will be integrated in the conception. The position of models as functional mediators between relevant aspects of phenomena and theory turns out to be their core characteristic. Written explanations are linguistic presentations of models. A procedure will be developed directly from the given description of models in order to visualize the structure of written explanations. The result is a modified network visualization based on concept maps with inherent categories. This visualization is called ‘categorized concept map’. In a preliminary study, the procedure can be described as reliable and valid. In a following qualitative investigation of 64 explanations of optics phenomena (‘apparent depth’) by means of light rays, given by university physics students and experts, categorized concept maps are used to identify difficulties in giving appropriate explanations. Students trace back the observed phenomena only to the term of ‘refraction’, instead of precisely describing the interrelation between ray optics and those phenomena. Furthermore, elements of other conceptions (waves, particles) appear in some of the explanations, whereas central elements of ray optics (i.e., the image concept) are missed. The cut point between theory and the real world turns out to be the most fragile part in students models. Categorized concept maps show their strength in making a variety of difficulties visible and also in subsequently giving the opportunity to develop an appropriate explanation. The results show both, the need and the fruitfulness of an authentic model conception.

Concept maps provide a way to assess how well students have developed an organized understanding of how the concepts taught in a unit are interrelated and fit together. However, concept maps are challenging to score because of the idiosyncratic ways in which students organize their knowledge (McClure, Sonak, & Suen, 1999). The construct a map or C-mapping" task has been shown to capture students' organized understanding. This "C-mapping" task involves giving students a list of concepts and asking them to produce a map showing how these concepts are interrelated. The purpose of this study was twofold: (a) to determine to what extent the use of the restricted C-mapping technique coupled with the threefold scoring rubric produced reliable ratings of students conceptual understanding from two examinations, and (b) to project how the reliability of the mean ratings for individual students would likely vary as a function of the average number of raters and rating occasions from two examinations. Nearly three-fourths (73%) of the variability in the ratings for one exam and (43 %) of the variability for the other exam were due to dependable differences in the students' understanding detected by the raters. The rater inconsistencies were higher for one exam and somewhat lower for the other exam. The person-to-rater interaction was relatively small for one exam and somewhat higher for the other exam. The rater-by-occasion variance components were zero for both exams. The unexplained variance accounted for 19% on one exam and 14% on the other. The size of the reliability coefficient of student concept map scores varied across the two examinations. A reliability of .95 and .93 for relative and absolute decision was obtained for one exam. A reliability of .88 and .78. for absolute and relative decision was obtained for the other exam. Increasing the number of raters from one to two on one rating occasion would yield a greater increase in the reliability of the ratings at a lower cost than increasing the number of rating occasions. The same pattern holds for both exams.

A Teoria Educacional de Novak afirma que a aprendizagem significativa integra o pensar, sentir e agir em busca do empoderamento humano para o compromisso e a responsabilidade em aprender. Ela considera o aluno, o professor, o conhecimento, o contexto e a avaliação como elementos fundamentais da educação. A aprendizagem significativa deriva da Teoria de aprendizagem de Ausubel e resulta da relação do novo conhecimento com o existente na estrutura cognitiva. Para que ela ocorra, é necessário conhecimento prévio relevante, material instrucional potencialmente significativo e disposição do aluno em aprender desta forma. Novak e seu grupo de estudos ainda desenvolveram os mapas conceituais com o objetivo de acompanhar e entender como as crianças compreendiam a ciência. Eles são uma ferramenta gráfica de pesquisa, ensino, aprendizagem e avaliação, caracterizados pela estrutura hierárquica e capacidade de buscar e caracterizar ligações cruzadas e exemplos, facilitando a aprendizagem significativa, com vistas ao pensamento criativo. A educação física, no cenário atual, é uma disciplina inserida no currículo escolar brasileiro e vai muito além do ensino de habilidades motoras e melhora das capacidades físicas, integrando os aspectos motor, cognitivo e afetivo. Sendo assim, seu conhecimento precisa ser organizado e sua aprendizagem também pode, e deve, vir a ser significativa. Portanto, tal trabalho teve como objetivo verificar a influência de um planejamento instrucional baseado nas premissas da aprendizagem significativa que utiliza os mapas conceituais e outros recursos didáticos na aprendizagem de conceitos. Para atingir este objetivo, os alunos responderam a um questionário, pré e pós-intervenção, com a finalidade de verificar o avanço na compreensão dos conceitos e fizeram um mapa conceitual, nos dois momentos, para representar como os conceitos estavam organizados na estrutura cognitiva. Os resultados demonstraram que, num total de 49 alunos, 34,69% (n=17) avançaram na questão 1; 24,48% (n=12) avançaram na questão 2; 6,12% (n=3) avançaram na questão 3; 12,24% (n=6) avançaram na quarta questão; 38,77% (n=19) melhoraram na quinta questão; 30,61% (n=15) avançaram na questão 6; na sétima questão houve um aumento da frequência dos exemplos considerados mais refinados e 55,10% (n=27) avançaram na oitava questão. Com relação aos mapas, 32,65% (n=16) melhoram a qualidade dos mesmos em relação ao construído pré-intervenção. Em termos gerais, os resultados permitem concluir que houve melhora na compreensão dos conceitos relativos aos jogos olímpicos após a intervenção, organizada sob os princípios da Teoria Educacional de Novak e que novas ferramentas de ensino e aprendizagem devem fazer parte da educação física escolar / The Novak\'s Theory of Education argues that meaningful learning integrates thinking, feeling and acting in pursuit of human empowerment for commitment and responsibility in learning. It considers the student, the teacher, the knowledge, the context and the assessment as key elements of education. Meaningful learning derives from Ausubel\'s Learning Theory and results from the relationship between the new knowledge with the existing cognitive structure. To occur the meaningful learning; relevant prior knowledge, potentially significant instructional material and and the student\'s desire to learn meaningfully are required. Novak and his group of study also developed concept maps in order to monitor and understand how children understand the science. They are a graphical tool for research, teaching, learning and evaluation, characterized by hierarchical structure and ability to seek and characterize crosslinks and examples, facilitating meaningful learning, aimed at creative thinking. Physical education in the present scenario, it is a discipline inserted in the Brazilian curriculum and goes far beyond the teaching of motor skills and improves physical capacity, integrating the motor, cognitive and affective aspects. Thus, their knowledge needs to be organized and their learning can also, and should prove to be significant. Therefore, this study aimed to verify the influence of an instructional planning based on assumptions of meaningful learning that uses concept maps and other teaching resources in the learning of concepts. To achieve this goal, students answered a questionnaire, pre- and post-intervention for the purpose of checking the progress in understanding the concepts and made a concept map, on both occasions, to represent how the concepts were organized in the cognitive structure. The results showed that a total of 49 students, 34,69% (n=17) improved in question 1, 24,48% (n=12) improved in question 2, 6,12% (n=3) improved in question 3, 12,24% (n=6) improved in the fourth question, 38,77% (n=19) improved in fifth question, 30,61% (n=15) improved in question 6, in the seventh question there was a increased frequency of examples considered more refined and 55,10% (n=27) advanced the eighth question. Regarding maps, 32,65% (n=16) improved their quality in relation to pre-intervention. In general, the results indicate an improvement in the understanding of post-intervention concepts related to the Olympic Games, organized under the Novak\'s Theory of Education principles and that new teaching and learning tools should be part of physical education classes

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-22T22:07:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 adalberto.pdf: 2643580 bytes, checksum: e1a556373c92d8f9719b0691629848d1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-02-08 / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Amazonas / The objective of this work is to present a proposal for a theoretical analysis of the theory of superconductivity together with an analysis of the Ginzburg-Landau equations in this context, in which the superconducting state is characterized by an order parameter, given by constructing a wave function Ψ (r, t) to describe the quantum behavior of particles and to show the knowledge of concept maps as a didactics tool. We will present the theoretical aspects of the phenomenon of superconductivity and its applications, and examples of conceptual maps including some models containing concepts of superconductivity. The specific objective is to use the maps as a conceptual study of physics theory in the academic, they are methodological tools to help in understanding the concepts with the interpretations, through hierarchical diagrams, shown in a conceptual framework. The research methods adopted are the development of the Ginzburg-Landau equations, the research that includes students enrolled in undergraduate courses in Physics, as individual basis and for last the implementation of a short course, with the participation of undergraduate and graduate students in physics and related areas, distributed in groups or individually to analyze the results. The survey instrument adopted for the last two methods, in order to obtain the scores for the students performance, will be a simple questionnaire, using pencil, black ballpoint pen and A4 paper, containing eleven questions in the first method and in the second method (short course) it will be ten conceptual questions (open or closed) about the concepts related to the topics provided by the instructor and finally it will be presented the analyzes of the results. / O objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar uma proposta de análise teórica da teoria da supercondutividade conjuntamente com uma análise das equações de Ginzburg-Landau neste contexto, em que um estado do supercondutor é caracterizado por um parâmetro de ordem, dado pela construção de uma função de onda Ψ(r,t) para descrever o comportamento quântico das partículas e mostrar o conhecimento de mapas conceituais como ferramenta didática. Serão apresentados os aspectos teóricos do fenômeno da supercondutividade e suas aplicações, e exemplos de mapas conceituais incluindo alguns modelos contendo conceitos da Supercondutividade. O objetivo específico é o de utilizar os mapas conceituais como um estudo da teoria Física no âmbito acadêmico, porque são instrumentos metodológicos para ajudar na compreensão dos conceitos com as interpretações, através de diagramas hierárquicos, mostrados em uma estrutura conceitual. Os métodos da pesquisa adotados são os de desenvolvimento das equações de Ginzburg-Landau, os da investigação que contarão com discentes matriculados nos cursos de graduação em Física, de forma individual e por ultimo a aplicação de um minicurso, com a participação de graduandos e graduados em Física e áreas afins, distribuídos em grupos ou individual para análise dos resultados. O instrumento de pesquisa adotado para estes dois últimos métodos, fins de obter os escores referentes ao desempenho dos discentes, será um questionário simples, utilizando lápis, caneta esferográfica preta e papel A4 contendo, no primeiro método onze questões e no segundo método (minicurso) dez questões conceituais (abertas ou fechadas) sobre os conceitos relacionados aos temas fornecidos pelo instrutor e finalmente, serão apresentados as análises dos resultados.

A Teoria Educacional de Novak afirma que a aprendizagem significativa integra o pensar, sentir e agir em busca do empoderamento humano para o compromisso e a responsabilidade em aprender. Ela considera o aluno, o professor, o conhecimento, o contexto e a avaliação como elementos fundamentais da educação. A aprendizagem significativa deriva da Teoria de aprendizagem de Ausubel e resulta da relação do novo conhecimento com o existente na estrutura cognitiva. Para que ela ocorra, é necessário conhecimento prévio relevante, material instrucional potencialmente significativo e disposição do aluno em aprender desta forma. Novak e seu grupo de estudos ainda desenvolveram os mapas conceituais com o objetivo de acompanhar e entender como as crianças compreendiam a ciência. Eles são uma ferramenta gráfica de pesquisa, ensino, aprendizagem e avaliação, caracterizados pela estrutura hierárquica e capacidade de buscar e caracterizar ligações cruzadas e exemplos, facilitando a aprendizagem significativa, com vistas ao pensamento criativo. A educação física, no cenário atual, é uma disciplina inserida no currículo escolar brasileiro e vai muito além do ensino de habilidades motoras e melhora das capacidades físicas, integrando os aspectos motor, cognitivo e afetivo. Sendo assim, seu conhecimento precisa ser organizado e sua aprendizagem também pode, e deve, vir a ser significativa. Portanto, tal trabalho teve como objetivo verificar a influência de um planejamento instrucional baseado nas premissas da aprendizagem significativa que utiliza os mapas conceituais e outros recursos didáticos na aprendizagem de conceitos. Para atingir este objetivo, os alunos responderam a um questionário, pré e pós-intervenção, com a finalidade de verificar o avanço na compreensão dos conceitos e fizeram um mapa conceitual, nos dois momentos, para representar como os conceitos estavam organizados na estrutura cognitiva. Os resultados demonstraram que, num total de 49 alunos, 34,69% (n=17) avançaram na questão 1; 24,48% (n=12) avançaram na questão 2; 6,12% (n=3) avançaram na questão 3; 12,24% (n=6) avançaram na quarta questão; 38,77% (n=19) melhoraram na quinta questão; 30,61% (n=15) avançaram na questão 6; na sétima questão houve um aumento da frequência dos exemplos considerados mais refinados e 55,10% (n=27) avançaram na oitava questão. Com relação aos mapas, 32,65% (n=16) melhoram a qualidade dos mesmos em relação ao construído pré-intervenção. Em termos gerais, os resultados permitem concluir que houve melhora na compreensão dos conceitos relativos aos jogos olímpicos após a intervenção, organizada sob os princípios da Teoria Educacional de Novak e que novas ferramentas de ensino e aprendizagem devem fazer parte da educação física escolar / The Novak\'s Theory of Education argues that meaningful learning integrates thinking, feeling and acting in pursuit of human empowerment for commitment and responsibility in learning. It considers the student, the teacher, the knowledge, the context and the assessment as key elements of education. Meaningful learning derives from Ausubel\'s Learning Theory and results from the relationship between the new knowledge with the existing cognitive structure. To occur the meaningful learning; relevant prior knowledge, potentially significant instructional material and and the student\'s desire to learn meaningfully are required. Novak and his group of study also developed concept maps in order to monitor and understand how children understand the science. They are a graphical tool for research, teaching, learning and evaluation, characterized by hierarchical structure and ability to seek and characterize crosslinks and examples, facilitating meaningful learning, aimed at creative thinking. Physical education in the present scenario, it is a discipline inserted in the Brazilian curriculum and goes far beyond the teaching of motor skills and improves physical capacity, integrating the motor, cognitive and affective aspects. Thus, their knowledge needs to be organized and their learning can also, and should prove to be significant. Therefore, this study aimed to verify the influence of an instructional planning based on assumptions of meaningful learning that uses concept maps and other teaching resources in the learning of concepts. To achieve this goal, students answered a questionnaire, pre- and post-intervention for the purpose of checking the progress in understanding the concepts and made a concept map, on both occasions, to represent how the concepts were organized in the cognitive structure. The results showed that a total of 49 students, 34,69% (n=17) improved in question 1, 24,48% (n=12) improved in question 2, 6,12% (n=3) improved in question 3, 12,24% (n=6) improved in the fourth question, 38,77% (n=19) improved in fifth question, 30,61% (n=15) improved in question 6, in the seventh question there was a increased frequency of examples considered more refined and 55,10% (n=27) advanced the eighth question. Regarding maps, 32,65% (n=16) improved their quality in relation to pre-intervention. In general, the results indicate an improvement in the understanding of post-intervention concepts related to the Olympic Games, organized under the Novak\'s Theory of Education principles and that new teaching and learning tools should be part of physical education classes

A humanidade passa por um intenso momento de transformações sociais, na qual se valoriza a interpretação de fenômenos, a criatividade e o pensamento crítico. Neste sentido, o ensino das ciências da natureza pode contribuir na formação dos cidadãos. Entretanto, no cotidiano escolar prevalece a compartimentalização das disciplinas, o que pode prejudicar tanto no entendimento sistêmico dos fenômenos, quanto na percepção das relações de influências dos seus pormenores. A busca pela alfabetização científica através de ferramentas de visualização (mapas conceituais), pode ser uma alternativa para essa modificar este cenário educacional. O objetivo desta pesquisa é analisar os conhecimentos e descrever os ingressantes da Escola de Artes, Ciências e Humanindades (EACH), em relação ao tema \"Ciência, Tecnologia e Sociedade\" e suas relações de influência. Para tal, foi realizado um estudo de caso exploratório-descritivo, a partir de mapas conceituais semi-estruturados (MCs). Os 53 MCs foram coletados na 5ª semana do Ciclo Básico da EACH, na disciplina do ACH 0011, ministrada no 1º semestre de 2009. Foram realizadas as seguintes análises: (1) \"semântica\", na qual todas as proposições (n = 683) foram categorizadas pelo consenso entre três especialistas em ensino de ciências, com o objetivo entender as intenções de significado dos mapeadores, na tentativa de responder a questão focal do MC; (2) \"estrutural\", na qual observou-se a complexidade da rede proposicional do MC, seguindo os parâmetros \"Densidade Proposicional\" (DP), \"Conceitos Iniciais com Múltiplas proposições\"(CIM) e \"Conceitos Finais com Múltiplas proposições\"(CFM), fundamental para agrupar os MCs para subsequentes comparações; (3) \"frequência das categorias dos grupos de maior e menor complexidade estrutural\", com o intuito de verificar a influência da estrutura dos MCs na intenção semântica das proposições; (4) \"conceitual das proposições da categoria \'Natureza da ciência\' dos grupos de maior e menor complexidade estrutural\", a fim de averiguar os conceitos mais utilizados em ambos os grupos. Os resultados indicaram o caráter multidisciplinar não transversal da educação básica brasileira ao evidenciar a preponderância da categoria \"Natureza da ciência\". Mostraram, também, não haver relação imediata entre a complexidade da estrutura dos MCs e as intenções semânticas das suas proposições. Ressalta-se que os procedimentos utilizados configuram-se como interessantes estratégias para o uso cotidiano nas salas de aula. Esta dissertação permitirá aos docentes da EACH obter maiores informações sobre os conhecimentos prévios dos seus ingressantes. / Humanity is passing through an intense momentum of social transformations, which are valued phenomenon\'s interpretation, creativity and critical thinking. At this sense, the teaching of Natural Sciences can contribute to citizens\' formation. However, inside the academic quotidian the compartmentalization of subjects remains, which can affect both the systemic understanding of the phenomenon, and the perception of influences\' relations and its details. The goal of scientific literacy through visual tools (concept maps) can be an alternative to modify this backward educational pattern. The objective of this research is to analyze the knowledge and describe the freshmen of Escola de Artes, Ciências e Humanidades (EACH), upon the theme \"Science, Technology and Society\" and its relations of influence. For that, there were performed an exploratory and descriptive case study from semi structured concept maps (CMs). The 53 CMs had been collected at the 5th week of the Basic Cycle of the EACH, in the subject ACH 0011 given at the 1st semester of 2009. It has been realized according to the following analysis: (1) \"semantic\", in which all the proposals (n = 683) had been categorized according to a consensus among three specialists in the teaching of science, with the objective to understand the mappers intentions meanings, in an attempt to answer the main question of the CM; (2) \"structural\", in which has been observed the complexity of the propositional network from the CM, according to parameters such as \"Propositional Density\" (PD), \"Initial Concepts with Multiple propositions\" (ICM) and \"Final Concepts with Multiple propositions\" (FCM), fundamental to cluster the CMs for subsequent comparisons; (3) \"frequency of the categories of groups with more and less structural complexity\", with the intention of identifying the influence of the CMs structures in the semantic intention of the propositions; (4) \"conceptual of the \'Natural Sciences\' category propositions of the groups with more and less structural complexity\", with the intention of ascertaining the most used concepts in both groups. The results indicated the multidisciplinary not crossed character of Brazilian basic education by pointing the preponderance of the category \"Nature of science\". It has also showed no immediate relationship between the complexity of the structure of the CMs and the semantic intentions of its propositions. It should be noticed that the procedures used are configured as interesting strategies for the everyday use in classroom. This essay will allow the teachers of EACH to obtain more information upon prior knowledge of their freshmen.

<p>Denna undersökning är gjord med syfte att granska hur fyra svensklärare för grundskolans senare år bedriver sin grammatikundervisning. Detta för att se hur upptäckterna stämmer överens med tidigare rön inom den didaktiska forskning som behandlar ämnet grammatik. Studien lyfter fram definitioner av grammatikbegreppet, tillvägagångssätt och metoder i det didaktiska arbetet samt argument för- och emot grammatikundervisningens existens i svenskämnet. Vidare redogörs för metodval vilka innebär kvalitativa intervjuer utefter modellen ”föreställningskartor” där didaktikens tre huvudfrågor – vad, hur och varför – styr samtalen. Undervisningens resultatdel visar hur svensklärarna förhåller sig till begreppet grammatikundervisning och hur detta kopplas till den didaktiska verksamheten. Slutligen diskuteras det insamlade materialet och jämförs med den teoretiska bakgrunden utifrån de tre didaktiska huvudfrågorna.</p><p> </p> / <p>The aim of this study is to examine how four Swedish teachers, in the late years of compulsory school, teach grammar. The findings of this study are compared and contrasted with previous research in the field.</p><p>The study focuses definitions of the grammar terminology, procedures, teaching methodology and the argument for or against the teaching of grammar in Swedish schools. Furthermore, an account will be given of the research method chosen, namely qualitative interviews based on concept maps, focusing on the three main didactic questions: <em>what</em>, <em>how</em> and <em>why</em>. These interviews show the teachers’ approach to grammar instruction and its connection with didactic activities. Finally the collected material is discussed with reference to the theoretical background and the three main didactic questions.</p>

The purpose of this case study was to understand whether or not the use of an invented number system, called Orpda, helped teachers develop a deeper understanding of place value in hopes that this will translate into their own teaching of place value concepts. Thirteen teachers enrolled in a graduate mathematics education course served as the participants for this study. Data were collected from teachers’ reflections on various activities related to Orpda, pre- and post-Orpda concept maps teachers created, online discussions between the teachers, teacher demographic sheets, and an interview with the instructor of the course. Analysis of the teachers' reflections revealed that Orpda increased teachers’ attention to three critical components necessary for developing a conceptual understanding of place value, namely unitizing, regrouping, and recognizing the meaning of different place values within a multi-digit number. In addition, Orpda encouraged teachers to reflect on their own teaching of place value. Comparing the structures of the teachers' pre-Orpda and post-Orpda concept maps showed changes in some cases but did not reveal clear patterns. Analysis of the categories teachers included in pre- and post-Orpda maps revealed that teachers were moving from a procedural to a more conceptual view of place value, as did the analysis of squared adjacency matrices created from each teacher's pre- and post-Orpda concept maps. Four conclusions can be drawn from this study: (a) Orpda increased teachers' attention to the importance of unitizing in place value, (b) Orpda encouraged teachers to reflect deeply on their thinking, (c) Concept maps show promise for revealing and documenting changes in conceptual understanding, and (d) Orpda increased teachers' attention to the importance of patterns in understanding place value. Further research is needed using Orpda with different groups and numbers of teachers, and in different settings, e.g., longer full semesters and teacher professional development meetings. Research exploring the use of follow-up interviews to accompany concept maps and enhance the assessment of conceptual understanding is also recommended. This study indicates two recommendations for practice in teacher education, the importance of a classroom environment that supports reflection, and the careful choosing of activities to provide appropriate challenge.

Denna undersökning är gjord med syfte att granska hur fyra svensklärare för grundskolans senare år bedriver sin grammatikundervisning. Detta för att se hur upptäckterna stämmer överens med tidigare rön inom den didaktiska forskning som behandlar ämnet grammatik. Studien lyfter fram definitioner av grammatikbegreppet, tillvägagångssätt och metoder i det didaktiska arbetet samt argument för- och emot grammatikundervisningens existens i svenskämnet. Vidare redogörs för metodval vilka innebär kvalitativa intervjuer utefter modellen ”föreställningskartor” där didaktikens tre huvudfrågor – vad, hur och varför – styr samtalen. Undervisningens resultatdel visar hur svensklärarna förhåller sig till begreppet grammatikundervisning och hur detta kopplas till den didaktiska verksamheten. Slutligen diskuteras det insamlade materialet och jämförs med den teoretiska bakgrunden utifrån de tre didaktiska huvudfrågorna. / The aim of this study is to examine how four Swedish teachers, in the late years of compulsory school, teach grammar. The findings of this study are compared and contrasted with previous research in the field. The study focuses definitions of the grammar terminology, procedures, teaching methodology and the argument for or against the teaching of grammar in Swedish schools. Furthermore, an account will be given of the research method chosen, namely qualitative interviews based on concept maps, focusing on the three main didactic questions: what, how and why. These interviews show the teachers’ approach to grammar instruction and its connection with didactic activities. Finally the collected material is discussed with reference to the theoretical background and the three main didactic questions.

No description available.