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[pt] No século XIX, como uma forma de resistência à tentativa de abolir a escravização africana nos Estados Unidos da América, os estados sulistas do país uniram-se sob o nome de Confederação. Estruturada na ideologia da supremacia branca, essa união política lutou a favor da escravidão durante os anos de guerra civil. Mais de um século depois da guerra, a lembrança desse período histórico permanece viva por todo sul estadunidense, onde se hasteiam bandeiras da Confederação e monumentos confederados ocupam lugares de destaque. Através de uma série de processos imigratórios, tal cultura ramificou-se para outros lugares do mundo, chegando ao Brasil. Na cidade de Santa Bárbara D oeste, em São Paulo, se encontra o epicentro nacional dessa cultura, onde anualmente é celebrada uma grande festa confederada. Neste texto é realizada uma exploração da cultura confederada contemporânea e um exame da presença inesperada dessa cultura no Brasil, utilizando uma abordagem narrativa para explicar suas manifestações e impactos na realidade material, explorando a intrincada relação entre a confederação e os conceitos de branquitude e racismo. / [en] In the 19th century, as a form of resistance to the attempt of abolishing African slavery in the United States of America, the southern states of the country united under the name of Confederation. Structured on the ideology of white supremacy, this political union fought in the name of slavery during the years of civil war. More than a century after the war, the memory of this historical period remains alive throughout the American south, where Confederate flags fly and Confederate monuments occupy prominent places. Through a series of immigration events, this culture branched out to other parts of the world, reaching the country of Brazil. The city of Santa Bárbara D oeste, in São Paulo, is the national epicenter of this culture, where a large Confederate festival is celebrated annually. This text explores the contemporary Confederate culture and examines the unexpected presence of this culture in Brazil, using a narrative approach to explain its manifestations and impacts on material reality, exploring the intricate relationship between the confederation and the concepts of whiteness and racism.

This dissertation examines issues of neo-Confederate collective memory, heritage, and geographical imagination within the Shenandoah Valley of Virginia. I analyze a whole range of material cultural practices throughout the entire region centered on the memory of the Civil War including monuments, battlefields, museum exhibits, burial rituals, historical reenactments, paintings, and dramatic performances. These mnemonic sites and rituals throughout the Great Valley of Virginia serve to circulate a dominant and mythologized reading of the Civil War past, one that emphasizes the Lost Cause myth of the Confederacy. In addition to uncovering neo-Confederate forms of memorialization, I also examine how normative lessons of morality, honor, patriotism, masculinity, and hyper-militarism become naturalized as a result of Lost Cause remembrance. The dissertation combines qualitative, practice-based modes of research with a Foucauldian influenced archival methodology that attempts to uncover particular silenced and alternative versions of the past that do not fit with normative version of heritage. / Ph. D.

There is a gap in existing literature in regards to the role of community in understanding the motivations of Civil War soldiers. Current historiographical studies try to apply the same motivational factors to entire states, armies, or to all Union or Confederate soldiers in general. Some historians even attempt to show that regardless of Union or Confederate, soldiers' motivations were similar due to a shared American identity. This thesis explores a community in the mountain valleys of present-day Southwest Virginia, which stayed loyal to Richmond and the Confederacy. This case study of Montgomery County illustrates that enlistment motivations varied based on a mixture of internal and external factors distinctive to a soldier's community; therefore, there cannot be a representative sample of the Confederate Army that covers all the nuances that makes each community unique. Enlistment was both a personal decision and one influenced by the environment. Montgomery County soldiers were the product of their community that included external factors such as slavery, occupation, and class, and internal ideological themes such as honor, masculinity, and patriotism, that compelled them to enlist in the Confederate Army in the first year of the war, April 1861 through April 1862. These men enlisted to protect their status quo when it was convenient for them to leave their home and occupation, and if they had fewer family obligations. / Master of Arts

Thomas Taylor Munford served as a Colonel with the Second Virginia Cavalry during the Civil War. A graduate of Virginia Military Institute and a veteran of First and Second Manassas, Sharpsburg, Gettysburg and Five Forks, Munford lacked only the official approval of the Confederate Congress to receive his commission as a Brigadier General. The war ended before the Congress could grant his rank. Munford's account of the battle of Five Forks and the last cavalry operations of the Civil War in Virginia is a vivid and pathetic description of the final days of the Confederacy. Its importance and historical value result from the fact that it is a substantial narrative of Five Forks by an officer who actually participated in the battle. It delineates the failure of leadership that plaguedthe Confederate military the last two years of the war and attributed to the demise of the Confederacy. It is also an important record of the activities of the Confederate Cavalry in the last days of the Civil War. / Master of Arts