This is a history of the relationship between prejudices and reality during the first century of the Spanish Conquest and colonization of America. The study deals particularly with the Discovery and Conquest of La Española and La Nueva España. The authors studied are Cristóbal Colón, Ramón Pané, Pedro Mártir de Anglería, Gonzalo Fernández de Oviedo, Bartolomé de las Casas, Hernán Cortés, Francisco López de Gómara, Bernal Díaz del Castillo, Vasco de Quiroga, Toribio de Benavente "Motolinía", Diego Durán, Bernardino de Sahagún and José de Acosta. There is a change in the perception of reality during the Renaissance. It brings a separation between the realms of the earthly and the divine as well as a glorification of the self, known today as individualism. There is also a great tension between the Middle Ages and the Renaissance in Spain. A way of seeing the world that privileges the divine fights ferociously with another one that suddenly has an immense need to understand the real, concrete world. This tension makes the study of the early descriptions and interpretations of America particularly interesting. They document the ways in which the Western imagination learns to apprehend reality in the very beginnings of the Modern Age. The writers of the Western Indies struggle with their words, their ideas, their faith and their own life in their attempt to describe and understand the New World. The process is highly complex and superbly exemplifies Marx's concept of ideology: the awareness that there is always a real and an imaginary way interacting with each other when we try to live and understand reality. Idealizations, prejudices, inventions, fantasies, destructions and abuses coexist in the texts of the "Cronistas de Indias" with a heroic effort to describe, understand, classify and explain a reality that is totally alien to their eyes and their mental schemes. This effort reaches an end with the triumph of the Counterreformation in Spain. All the early history of the New World had to be proof of a divine plan and so, many of the truths, methods and ideas that the early writers of America had gained, with a truly heroic effort to overcome ideological limitations, started to get lost once again. / text

This dissertation explores the complex interactions among written text, language choice, and political context in Wales in the late-eleventh and early-twelfth centuries. I argue that writers in medieval Wales created in both their literary compositions and their manuscripts intricate layers of protest and subversion in direct opposition to the authority of the Anglo-Norman political hegemony and the aggrandizing spread of the Canterbury-led church. These medieval literati exploited language and script as tools of definition. They privileged Welsh or Latin when their audience shifted, and they employed the change from early Insular script to the Caroline script of the Normans as not just a natural evolution in script development, but as a selective representation of mimicked authority. The family of Bishop Sulien at Llanbadarn Fawr has been the focal point of this study, as they were active during a time of Anglo-Norman intervention in their community that is reflected in the shifting script of their manuscripts and the apprehensive though proud tone of their compositions, which include the vitae of saints David and Padarn and the poetry of Ieuan and Rhygyfarch ap Sulien. My work provides a much-needed cohesive portrait of the multilingual medieval Welsh literary culture at the turn of the twelfth century. Questions of audience and authority come into play, particularly when considering the growing hybridity of learned communities during the Anglo-Norman infiltration of Wales. Manuscripts themselves are viewed as vehicles of identity, for the evolution of script and design offers clues as to the methods of compromise practiced by Welsh intellectuals. This compromise in the written word can be viewed as an embodiment of the Welsh desire and need to mediate fraught political boundaries, as they did using both the ‘nation’-defining Welsh language and the vehicular prestige language of Latin, resulting in an intertextual exploration of identity through the act of writing itself. Writing is a critical demonstration of Welsh authorship and agency in medieval Britain, and one that can be used to reflect upon notions of Welsh identity. / Celtic Languages and Literatures

This is the story of Spanish belonging in New Spain and the creation of New Spaniards. Tracing Spanish perceptions of place, the body, belonging, and Indian mortality, as well as constructions of “nativeness” and “Spanishness” from the conquest, this work does three things. First it examines the ideological constructs behind Spanish belonging, and the ideas that Spaniards brought with them about their bodies and their relationship to the environment. Second it follows the progression of these ideas through the first three generations of Spanish colonization, paying particular attention to the way that political rivalries, the exigencies of the crown, and Indian mortality affected discourse on belonging and identity. Finally, it captures a moment at the turn of the seventeenth century, when residents of New Spain began to re-imagine their belonging and their relationship to the land and its original inhabitants. / text

For Native peoples, becoming Christian in north america has also meant becoming white. That is, the theological beliefs, cultural habits, and political movements that characterized american colonialism are inseparable. Among its many shortcomings throughout colonial history, Western Christianity has failed on a basic, epistemological level; it has failed to recognize itself as a particular theological tradition, instead positing itself as a universal. The insistence of the particular theological doctrines and scriptural interpretations of european settlers as Truth led to the demise of many Others—a violence to which the Indigenous peoples of this land attest. If, as I have suggested, particular theologies were part and parcel of the western colonial project, then it follows that attempts at disarming the imperial machine must not only involve decolonizing dominant politics and cultural habits, but also decolonizing dominant western theologies. This thesis takes up one of the dominant doctrines in Western Christianity, that of original sin. An analysis of this doctrine is pertinent because, in addition to articulating the dominant western Christian understanding of sin, death, and evil, in the world, it also reveals an undergirding anthropology and an implied soteriology, both of which provided justifications for the genocide on the Indigenous peoples of america. Following the decolonizing methodologies of Native americans Andrea Smith and Laura Donaldson, I will demonstrate that the doctrine is particular, both scripturally and culturally, and that the dominant reading of the supporting texts for the doctrine are neither universal nor necessary. Then I will interrogate the two primary texts, Genesis 3 and Romans 5 with alternative interpretations from Native theologians and the experiences of the doctrine by Native peoples. Finally, I will argue that if western theology is to truly release its monopoly on the Truth, even what it claims to be the True discourses and interpretations within Christianity, it must make itself vulnerable to deconstruction and interrogation by those it has oppressed; it must cultivate a posture of receptivity to the other and Native interpretive approaches, begin the hard work of unsettling settler theologies, and composing non-dominant readings of the bible.

No description available.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Catholic University of America, 1940. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 215-226) and index.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Catholic University of America, 1940. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 215-226) and index.

Interlopers and Transplantees: The Mitmaqkuna or Mitimaes of Vilcashuamán in their Transition from the Time of the Inka to the "Lords of the Seas"This article aims to present how the first contact between the spaniards and the people of Vilcashuaman, their subjugation under the hispanic and their rebellion against the colonial system installed by them, came to happen. Also, their andean roots, their past as mitmaqkuna, the persistence of their customs and beliefs, and how the presence of the Inka of Vilcabamba and the Taky Onqoy awoke in them their ancestral conscience, leading them to resist and finally survive, despite the terrible living conditions they suffered. / En este artículo se presenta la forma cómo se produjo el primer contacto entre los españoles y los habitantes de Vilcashuamán, su sometimiento por los hispanos y su rebeldía frente al sistema colonial implantado por ellos. Así también, sus raíces andinas, su pasado de mitmaqkuna, la persistencia de sus costumbres y creencias, y cómo la presencia del Inka de Vilcabamba y el movimiento del Taky Onqoy despertaron en ellos su antigua conciencia, que los llevó a resistir y finalmente a pervivir pese a las terribles condiciones de vida a las que fueron sometidos.

Submitted by Suelen Reis (suziy.ellen@gmail.com) on 2013-04-22T16:58:32Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Juliana Nevesseg.pdf: 1047511 bytes, checksum: 0950b85c7e7be365f914afb62f65b535 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rodrigo Meirelles(rodrigomei@ufba.br) on 2013-05-24T11:33:51Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Juliana Nevesseg.pdf: 1047511 bytes, checksum: 0950b85c7e7be365f914afb62f65b535 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-05-24T11:33:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Juliana Nevesseg.pdf: 1047511 bytes, checksum: 0950b85c7e7be365f914afb62f65b535 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008 / Esta dissertação tem o objetivo de analisar a colonização e conquista da região do Paraguaçu, na capitania da Bahia. A presença de colonizadores, imigrantes europeus na década de 1530 intensificou o movimento de conquista e povoamento do litoral. O sertão, que era caracterizado pelo território ainda não colonizado, só teve uma política efetiva de conquista a partir da segunda metade do século XVII. Contudo, essa conquista não ocorreu de forma pacífica, os grupos indígenas, habitantes das regiões a serem conquistadas, não se submeteram ao domínio português sem lutar pela sua liberdade. Bem como os mocambos, comunidades formadas no sertão por escravos africanos e seus descendentes, que também eram considerados empecilho para o povoamento da América portuguesa. Esses dois grupos, ambos presentes no Paraguaçu, diante do contexto da conquista do sertão, passaram a desenvolver novas formas de relacionamento entre si, o que também se tornou objeto de estudo desta dissertação. / Recife

140f. / Submitted by Caroline Souza (karol.sz@hotmail.com) on 2013-09-05T17:43:07Z No. of bitstreams: 1 juliana-brainer.pdf: 1037914 bytes, checksum: 737f19f24a56e611057a084c4a273c50 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ana Portela(anapoli@ufba.br) on 2013-09-06T15:10:44Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 juliana-brainer.pdf: 1037914 bytes, checksum: 737f19f24a56e611057a084c4a273c50 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-09-06T15:10:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 juliana-brainer.pdf: 1037914 bytes, checksum: 737f19f24a56e611057a084c4a273c50 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008 / Esta dissertação tem o objetivo de analisar a colonização e conquista da região do Paraguaçu, na capitania da Bahia. A presença de colonizadores, imigrantes europeus na década de 1530 intensificou o movimento de conquista e povoamento do litoral. O sertão, que era caracterizado pelo território ainda não colonizado, só teve uma política efetiva de conquista a partir da segunda metade do século XVII. Contudo, essa conquista não ocorreu de forma pacífica, os grupos indígenas, habitantes das regiões a serem conquistadas, não se submeteram ao domínio português sem lutar pela sua liberdade. Bem como os mocambos, comunidades formadas no sertão por escravos africanos e seus descendentes, que também eram considerados empecilho para o povoamento da América portuguesa. Esses dois grupos, ambos presentes no Paraguaçu, diante do contexto da conquista do sertão, passaram a desenvolver novas formas de relacionamento entre si, o que também se tornou objeto de estudo desta dissertação. This thesis aims to analyze the colonization and conquest of Paraguaçu’s region, in Bahia. The presence of colonizers, European immigrants in the decade of 1530, intensified the movement of conquest and settlement of the littoral. The hinterland, characterized by been a territory still not colonized, only had an effective policy of conquest from the second half of the 17th century. Nevertheless, this conquest did not happen in a pacific way; the indigenous groups, inhabitants of the regions to being conquered, did not surrender to the Portuguese domain without fighting for their freedom. As well as the "mocambos", communities formed in the hinterland by African slaves and his descendants, who were also considered an impediment for the settlement of the Portuguese America. The two groups, both belonging to the Paraguaçu’s region, in the light of the context of the hinterland conquest, went on to develop new ways of relationship between them, which also became object of study of this research. / Recife