Spelling suggestions: "subject:"con"" "subject:"cone""
31 |
Bases para o cultivo org?nico de feij?o-caupi [Vigna unguiculata L. (Walp.)] no estado do Rio de Janeiro. / Organic farming systems for cowpea [Vigna unguiculata L. (Walp.)] in the state of Rio de Janeiro.Guedes, Rejane Escrivani 25 March 2008 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T14:59:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
Rejane Escrivani Guedes.pdf: 2537678 bytes, checksum: fa415f1591e33c3b7c367223fc134c67 (MD5)
Previous issue date: 2008-03-25 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / Cowpea genotypes submitted to organic management were evaluated for grain yield and
green manure, as well as intercropped with corn, under field conditions of Serop?dica, state of
Rio de Janeiro. In the year of 2005, 53 cowpea genotypes were compared at the Integrated
Agroecology Produc tion System ( SIPA Km 47 Agroecologic Farm) relating to qualitative
and quantitative agronomic traits. Data were treated by following univariate and multivariate
statistical analysis. Significant differences were detected with respect to all the evaluated
parameters. Genotypes EES-02, EES-08, EES-26, EES47, Feij?o-Caupi and Feij?o Mau?
showed favourable attributes for immature (=green) grain yield. They presented determinate
growth habit with moderate branchding and flowering stage up to 45 days after sowing, only
differing by pod and grain colors. Univariete analysis demonstrated high variability among
cowpea genotypes. However, multivariate analysis was more efficient to joint selected
agronomic traits for identification of genotyp ic groups, which can be important in cowpea
breeding programs. Cowpea and corn intercrops also submitted to organic cultivation were
evaluated by means of two field experiments carried out at SIPA. In Experiment 1, the
cowpea cultivars Mau?, BRS Mil?nio and Olho de Peixe were intercropped with corn (cv.
AG-1051) to function as green manures. A randomized blocks design was employed in
factorial 2x3 scheme (two corn plant spacing x three cowpea cultivars). In Experiment 2,
Mau? cowpea and AG-1051 corn were intercropped for harvesting immature (=green)
grains and spikes, respectively. Treatments consisted of four time intervals between cowpea
and corn sowing. As for Experiment 1, corn planted in double rows favoured cowpea aboveground
biomass production, probably due to a greater amount of light admitted into the
system. Results from Experiments 2 indicated that intercrop with cowpea did not decrease
corn yield which reached averages of 9,5 and 5,9 Mg ha-1 of ears with and without straw,
respectively. Regarding cowpea grain yield of Mau? cultivar its single crop was superior to
the intercrops exceeding 1400 kg ha-1. Treatment corresponding to 21 days of interval
between cowpea and corn sowing differed from the other types of intecrops, with yield
attaining 978,75 ka ka-1. It is concluded that the intercropping system can se adopted in the
region without risks of lowering corn yield due to competition, being three weeks (21 days)
the most adequate time interval between sowing. / Foi avaliado, em sistema org?nico de produ??o, o desempenho de gen?tipos de feij?o-caupi
com potencial para produ??o de gr?os verdes e aduba??o verde, e em cons?rcios com o milho,
nas condi??es da Baixada Fluminense, munic?pio de Serop?dica, estado do Rio de Janeiro. No
ano de 2005, em ?rea do SIPA, (Sistema Integrado de Produ??o Agroecol?gica Fazendinha
Agroecol?gica Km. 47 ), foram avaliados 53 gen?tipos de feij?o-caupi, segundo
caracter?sticas fitot?cnicas qualitativas e quantitativas. Os dados foram submetidos a an?lise
de vari?ncia univariada e a an?lise multivariada. Houve diferen?a significativa para todos os
par?metros avaliados. Os gen?tipos EES-02, EES-08, EES-26, EES-47, Feij?o-Caupi e Feij?o
Mau? reuniram caracter?sticas mais adequadas para colheita de gr?os verdes, apresentando
porte semi-ramador, h?bito de crescimento determinado, com florescimento at? 45 dias ap?s
semeadura, diferindo apenas pela colora??o da vagem e do gr?o. Os resultados da an?lise
univariada demonstraram alta variabilidade entre os gen?tipos. Por?m, para o caso de se
reunir v?rios atributos fitot?cnicos, constituindo grupos de gen?tipos, a an?lise multivariada
se mostrou mais eficiente e pode ser de valia para o melhoramento do feij?o-caupi. Foi
avaliado, ainda, o desempenho agron?mico dos cons?rcios do milho com o feij?o-caupi
submetidos ao manejo org?nico, atrav?s de dois experimentos conduzidos no SIPA. No
Experimento 1, avaliou-se o desempenho de tr?s cultivares de feij?o-caupi para aduba??o
verde do milho (cv. AG-1501) em cons?rcios simult?neos. As cultivares de feij?o-caupi
Mau?, BRS Mil?nio e Olho de Peixe foram utilizadas, adotando-se delineamento de blocos ao
acaso, em esquema fatorial 2 x 3 (dois espa?amentos de milho e tr?s cultivares de feij?ocaupi).
No Experimento 2, avaliou-se o cons?rcio entre feij?o-caupi (cv. Mau?) e milho (cv.
AG-1051) para colheitas de gr?os verdes e de espigas verdes, respectivamente. Os
tratamentos constaram de quatro intervalos entre as semeaduras de feij?o-caupi e de milho.
No Experimento 1, o espa?amento do milho em fileiras duplas favoreceu a produ??o de
biomassa a?rea fresca de feij?o-caupi, muito provavelmente pela maior entrada de luz no
sistema. Os resultados do Experimento 2 indicaram que o cons?rcio n?o interferiu na
produtividade do milho, colhendo-se, em m?dia, 9,5 e 5,9 Mg ha-1 de espigas verdes
empalhadas e desempalhadas, respectivamente. Com rela??o ? produ??o de gr?os verdes da
cv. Mau? de feij?o-caupi, o monocultivo superou os cons?rcios com o milho, ultrapassando
1400 kg ha-1. O cons?rcio correspondente a 21 DAM (dias antes do milho) diferiu dos demais
tipos de cons?rcio, sendo superior, em produ??o, que atingiu 978,75 kg ha-1. Concluiu-se que
o sistema de cons?rcio com o feij?o-caupi pode ser adotado na regi?o sem risco de perdas na
produtividade do milho por efeito de competi??o, sendo de tr?s semanas (21 DAM) o
intervalo mais adequado entre as semeaduras.
|
32 |
Avalia??o da biodegradabilidade de petr?leo utilizando microrganismos isolados do estu?rio do Rio Potengi (RN)Costa, C?ntia de Castro 16 August 2010 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:08:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
CintiaCC_DISSERT.pdf: 1504056 bytes, checksum: 13440ae86adf05b61136b7a79d592863 (MD5)
Previous issue date: 2010-08-16 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico / The oil activity in the Rio Grande do Norte State (RN) is a permanent threat to coastal
ecosystems, particularly mangroves, with the possibility of oil spills. In this context, the
objective of this study was to evaluate the potential resistance of the mangrove
environment of a possible spill. Were selected and isolated microorganisms degrading
oil by the technique of enrichment cultures and formation of a bacterial consortium. The
kinetic study of the consortium was held in rotary incubator shaken at 150 rpm and 30?
C. Samples were taken at intervals of 4 hours for analysis of cell concentration and
surface tension. The biodegradation was monitored using two methods of respirometry:
manometric (OxiTop-C ?) and conductivimetry, where the biodegradation of oil was
estimated indirectly by oxygen consumption and CO2 production, respectively.
Furthermore, it was used a full 2? factorial design with triplicate at central point to the
runs that used the conductivimetric methodology.. The technique of enrichment cultures
allowed to obtain thirteen bacterial strains. Kinetic study of the consortium, we can
showed the absence of the lag phase, reaching a maximum cell concentration of 2.55 g /
L at 16 h of cultivation and a reduction on surface tension. When we adopted the
methodology of OxiTop-C was detected a band indicating biodegradability (1% oil v/v),
however when we used the conductivimetry methodology did not observe any band that
would indicate effective biodegradation. By monitoring a process of biodegradation is
necessary to observe the methodology will be adopted to evaluate the biodegradation
process, since for the same conditions adopted different methodologies can produce
different results. The oil-degrading isolates from soils of the mangrove estuary Potengi /
RN are largely to be used in bioremediation strategies of these places, in the case of a
possible oil spill, or it can be used in the treatment of waste oil generated in saline
environments, since they are optimized the conditions of the tests so that the efficiency
of biodegradation reach the minimum level suggested by the standarts / A atividade petrol?fera do RN constitui uma amea?a permanente aos
ecossistemas costeiros, principalmente os manguezais, com a possibilidade de
derramamentos de ?leo. Neste contexto, o objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar o potencial
de resist?ncia do ambiente de manguezal a um poss?vel derramamento. Foram
selecionados e isolados microrganismos degradadores de petr?leo pela t?cnica de
enriquecimento de culturas e forma??o de um cons?rcio bacteriano. O estudo cin?tico
do cons?rcio foi realizado em incubador rotativo sob agita??o de 150 rpm e temperatura
de 30?C. As amostras foram retiradas em intervalos de 4h para an?lise da concentra??o
celular e tens?o superficial. A biodegrada??o foi monitorada atrav?s de dois m?todos de
respirometria: manom?trico (OxiTop-C?) e condutivimetria, nos quais a
biodegradabilidade de petr?leo foi estimada indiretamente pelo consumo de oxig?nio e
produ??o de CO2, respectivamente. Al?m disso, nos ensaios de condutivimetria foi
realizado um planejamento fatorial completo 2? com triplicata no ponto central. Pela
t?cnica de enriquecimento de culturas foram obtidas treze linhagens bacterianas. No
estudo cin?tico do cons?rcio, pode-se observar aus?ncia da fase lag atingindo-se uma
concentra??o celular m?xima de 2,55 g/L em 16 h de cultivo e queda da tens?o
superficial. Quando adotou-se a metodologia do OxiTop-C foi detectado uma faixa que
indica biodegradabilidade (1% de petr?leo v/v), no entanto quando utilizou-se a
metodologia de condutivimetria n?o foi observado nenhuma faixa que indicasse
biodegradabilidade efetiva. Ao monitorar um processo de biodegradabilidade ?
necess?rio avaliar qual a metodologia ser? adotada para avaliar o processo de
biodegrada??o, pois para as mesmas condi??es adotadas diferentes metodologias podem
apresentar resultados divergentes. Os degradadores de petr?leo isolados do solo de
mangue do estu?rio do Rio Potengi/RN podem vir a ser utilizados em estrat?gias de
biorremedia??o desses lugares, no caso de um eventual derramamento de ?leo, ou ainda,
podem ser empregados no tratamento de res?duos petrol?feros gerados em ambientes
salinos, desde que sejam otimizadas as condi??es dos ensaios de modo que as
efici?ncias de biodegrada??o atinjam o patamar m?nimo sugerido pelas normas
|
33 |
Pr?ticas agroecol?gicas para o cultivo do gergelim (Sesamum indicum L.) / Agroecological practices for the sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) cultivationAra?jo, Afr?nio C?sar de 24 February 2014 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-12T11:55:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
AfranioCA_TESE.pdf: 5802290 bytes, checksum: fd6a3b6955fd8eca343b02a54254a104 (MD5)
Previous issue date: 2014-02-24 / The exceeded use of the natural resources required by the modern agriculture has been caused soil
impoverishment, soil salinization and soil compaction. The unreasonable use of chemical
fertilizers and pesticides causes chemical imbalances in the plant tissues, nutritional losses, taste
chances and human health problems. The monocrops are more vulnerable to the pest and disease
attacks. The aim of this work were to indicate the better relative planting time of the cowpea bean
for the sesame/cowpea bean intercropping based on the evaluation of agronomic, economic,
ecological and physiological parameters and to evaluate the viability of the cow urine and cassava
wastewater use as alternative fertilizers on the sesame cultivation. In a field essay, when the
sesame/cowpea bean was evaluate, the mainly treatments were the single planting of the two
cultures and the multiple cropping, with the cowpea bean being planted on the same time, 7, 14
and 21 days after the sesame. The mainly treatments of the second essay were the combined doses
of the cow urine (0 and 50 ml) and cassava wastewater (0, 500 and 1000 mL). In the intercrop
evaluation significant differences were found between the treatments for the most of the
parameters. It was verified that as the sowing of the cowpea bean was retarded in relation to the
sesame sowing, the sesame performance increased when the cowpea bean performance decreased.
The treatment 7 days balanced the competition relations that occurred between the two crops in
the intercrop. The sesame presented little pronounced responses to the different doses of cassava
wastewater. The cow urine affected the sesame growth and the growth rates increased with the
increasing of the application of the product. The responses of the sesame growth to the cow urine
application must be related both the nutritional richness of the product and the presence of growth
stimulating substances. The obtained results indicated that in the sesame/cowpea bean
intercropping, when the sesame is planted 7 days after the sesame, there is a higher possibility of
the net gains to the farmer. Cow urine and cassava wastewater may be used as additional organic
fertilizers / A explora??o exacerbada dos recursos demandados pela Agricultura Moderna vem provocando
empobrecimento, saliniza??o e compacta??o dos solos. O uso irracional de fertilizantes qu?micos
e agrot?xicos tem causado desequil?brio qu?mico nos tecidos vegetais, perdas nutricionais,
altera??es no sabor e problemas na sa?de humana. As monoculturas est?o mais sujeitas ao ataque
de pragas e doen?as, sendo altamente dependentes de agrot?xicos. Objetivou-se, com este
trabalho: (1) indicar a(s) ?poca(s) relativa(s) mais apropriada(s) de plantio do feij?o caupi no
cons?rcio com o gergelim a partir da avalia??o de aspectos agron?micos, econ?micos, ecol?gicos
e fisiol?gicos e (2) avaliar a viabilidade da utiliza??o de urina de vaca e manipueira como
fertilizantes alternativos no cultivo do gergelim. No ensaio de campo, quando o cons?rcio
gergelim/feij?o caupi foi avaliado, os tratamentos principais foram os monocultivos das duas
culturas e os cultivos consorciados, sendo a Fabacea plantada no mesmo tempo, 7, 14 e 21 dias
ap?s a Pedaliaceae. No experimento em vasos, os tratamentos principais constaram de doses
combinadas de urina de vaca (0 e 50 mL) e manipueira (0, 500 e 1000 mL). Na avalia??o do
cons?rcio, foram verificadas diferen?as significativas entre os tratamentos para a maior parte das
vari?veis. Percebeu-se que na medida em que se atrasava a semeadura do feij?o caupi em rela??o
ao plantio do gergelim, obtinham-se respostas proporcionalmente mais positivas para a
Pedaliaceae, o contr?rio ocorrendo para o feij?o. Destacou-se o tratamento 7 dias como o ponto de
equil?brio considerando as rela??es competitivas estabelecidas entre as duas culturas no
cons?rcio. O gergelim apresentou respostas pouco pronunciadas ?s diferentes doses isoladas de
manipueira. A urina de vaca exerceu efeito sobre o crescimento vegetativo do gergelim, o que se
refletiu no aumento das taxas de crescimento em resposta ? aplica??o do produto. As respostas do
crescimento do gergelim ? aplica??o da urina de vaca devem estar relacionadas tanto ? riqueza
nutricional do produto quanto ? presen?a de subst?ncias estimuladoras do crescimento. Os
resultados encontrados sugerem que, no cons?rcio gergelim/feij?o caupi, quando a Fabacea ?
plantada 7 dias ap?s o gergelim, h? maior possibilidade de ganhos l?quidos para o produtor e que
urina de vaca e manipueira podem ser utilizados como complementos na aduba??o do gergelim
|
34 |
Vzdělávání žáků s mentálním postižením pomocí iPadů / Education of children with mental disorder with iPadSoukupová, Klára January 2017 (has links)
(in English): The goal of this thesis is to analyze mainly advantages of iPad use during lectures at special primary schools. In addition, the thesis takes a look at disadvantages of this style of education. The theoretical part includes the first four chapters. The main information source for this part is expert literature. The first step presents the basic terms from the field of education. The next step presents important information about mental retardation and autistic spectrum disorders, including the specific aspects of education of children with such mental disorders. Following are the characteristics of the iPad devices and the history of the device and its manufacturer, the Apple company. This part also includes other information and communication technology used for educational purposes at regular as well as special schools. Last chapter of this part excerpts advantages and disadvantages of iPad listed in used expert literature. The practical part uses the method of qualitative analysis, in the form of semi-structured interview to find out which positive and negative effects can iPad usage have for both parties involved - children and teachers. The analysis builds on the foundation laid in the theoretical part, checking how the answeres of the interviewees correspond to the contemporary...
|
35 |
Implementace CLILu do výuky v primární škole / CLIL Implementation Into Primary School TeachingVallin, Petra January 2017 (has links)
TITLE: CLIL Implementation Into Primary School Teaching AUTHOR: PhDr. Petra Vallin DEPARTMENT: Department of Primary School Education, Faculty of Education, Charles University SUPERVISOR: Prof. PhDr. Vladimíra Spilková, CSc. ABSTRACT: This thesis deals with the Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL) which the European Union finds as a useful tool for teaching foreign languages in the 21st century. The objective of the theoretical part is to clarify the concept of CLIL and compare different interpretations and models which appears in school practice. We also focus on meta-analysis of research studies that have been undertaken in this area since 2005. The theoretical part provides insight into the history of CLIL in selected European countries including the Czech Republic. The first part concludes with a chapter on theoretical concepts which CLIL refers to and which are essential for implementation of CLIL. The aim of the empirical part is to implement CLIL into primary school teaching and describe what changes this innovation brings into practice. The empirical part is based on action research methodology which enable our active participation in the project of CLIL implementation. The main findings concerns the changes of the communication in the CLIL classroom. The results also shows that CLIL...
|
36 |
För- och nackdelar med mobil datortomografi vid akut diagnostik - En litteraturöversikt / Pros And Cons of Mobile Computed Tomography for Acute Care Diagnostics - A literature reviewElmanius, Leona, Benitez, Sonja January 2020 (has links)
Inledning: För patienter som behöver akut sjukvård är tiden till diagnos och behandling en viktig faktor. Röntgensjuksköterskornas roll är betydelsefull vid akut diagnostik då de ansvarar för att genomföra röntgenundersökningar. Idag är mobila röntgentjänster, främst konventionell röntgen, tillgängliga för till exempel instabila patienter. Detta bidrar till snabb diagnostik, men många akuta frågeställningar kräver en datortomografiundersökning (DT). Syfte: Syftet med studien var att sammanställa för- och nackdelar med mobil DT vid akut diagnostik. Metod: Studien genomfördes som en litteraturöversikt. Det gjordes en systematisk litteratursökning i tre medicinska databaser. Totalt kvalitetsgranskades och analyserades tio kvantitativa artiklar. Resultat: Det har visat sig i resultatet att fördelarna med en mobil DT är flera, som till exempel minskad tid till diagnos och behandling samt minskad arbetsbelastning för vårdpersonal. En mobil DT motverkar även transportrelaterade komplikationer hos högrisk-patienter. Det framgår dock även att nackdelarna, som till exempel ökad stråldos, sämre bildkvalitet och ökade kostnader, bör beaktas. Slutsats: Den mobila DT:n har visat sig höja patientsäkerheten, vilket är en viktig faktor inom vården. Denna enhet har, trots sina nackdelar, stor potential för att underlätta diagnostik hos patienter i kritiska situationer. Förhoppningsvis kommer denna enhet att utvecklas vidare för att användas i mer vardagligt bruk. / Introduction: For patients in need of urgent medical care, the time to diagnosis and treatment is an important factor. The role of the X-ray nurse is important in emergency diagnostics as they are responsible for conducting X-ray examinations. Today, mobile X-ray services, primarily conventional X-ray examinations, are for instance available for unstable patients. These services offer rapid diagnosis, but many urgent issues require examinations using a computed tomography (CT). Aim: The aim of this study was to compile the pros and cons of mobile CT in acute care diagnostics. Method: The study was conducted as a literature review. A systematic literature search was conducted in three medical databases. In total, ten quantitative articles were quality-reviewed and analyzed. Results: It appears in the results that the advantages of a mobile CT are several, such as reduced time for the diagnosis and treatment and reduced workload for the healthcare personnel. A mobile CT also counteracts transport-related complications in high-risk patients. However, it also states that the disadvantages, such as increased radiation dose, inferior image quality and increased costs, should be taken into account. Conclusion: The mobile CT has been shown to increase patient safety, which is an important factor in healthcare. The device, despite its drawbacks, has a great potential to facilitate diagnostics in patients in critical situations. Hopefully, this device will be further developed to be used regularly.
|
37 |
Desempenho de Leguminosas para Aduba??o Verde e sua Utiliza??o no Cultivo Org?nico de Milho e Repolho no Cerrado de Mato Grosso do Sul / Performance of Legumes for Green Manure and their use in organic cultivation of maize and cabbage at the Cerrado of Mato Grosso do SulCesar, Marcius Nei Zanin 30 April 2009 (has links)
Submitted by Celso Magalhaes (celsomagalhaes@ufrrj.br) on 2018-09-11T19:30:41Z
No. of bitstreams: 1
2017 - Marcius Nei Zanin Cesar.pdf: 3447328 bytes, checksum: 098490a3674208d8609db17b18d3c285 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-09-11T19:30:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
2017 - Marcius Nei Zanin Cesar.pdf: 3447328 bytes, checksum: 098490a3674208d8609db17b18d3c285 (MD5)
Previous issue date: 2009-04-30 / Cap. I
The aim of this work is to evaluate the agronomic behavior of different legume species under
cerrado conditions in Mato Grosso do Sul. Seven experiments were carried out, all of them in
the experimental field of the (Ag?ncia de Desenvolvimento Agr?rio e Extens?o Rural de MS),
(Agency of rural development and extension of MS). Two of these experiments referred to the
performance of legumes evaluation. The first experiment was carried out during the Spring-
Summer period, and the second one during the Fall- Winter period. The treatments were
constituted by the legume species (Crotalaria juncea, Crotalaria ochroleuca, Crotalaria
mucronata, Crotalaria reviflora, Mucuna pruriens, Mucuna aterrima, Cajanus cajan (L.)
Millsp Cv Fava larga and Cv IAPAR Arat? 43 an?o, Canavalia ensiformes and Canavalia
brasiliensis). The third experiment was carried out to determine the dry phytomass
decomposition rate and the nitrogen release of the species that were evaluated; this happened
during the Fall-Winter period, and the treatments were the mulching of the legumes cited
above, except C. breviflora, which was severely attacked by Fusarium sp. The experimental
design adopted was randomized blocks, with eleven treatments and nine harvest dates
disposed with four replicates. The forth and the fifth experiments were carried out in the
subsequent year, their aim was qualifying the Biological Nitrogen Fixation (hereinafter called
BNF) and determining the isotope discrimination value ?B value?; their treatments were
seven legume species previously selected due to their performances on the former
experimental actions and three checks, Brachiaria decumbens, Helianthus annuus, and Zea
mays cv BR 106, disposed in randomized blocks with four replicates. The sixth and the
seventh experiments were carried out to evaluate the performance of the cabbage cv Astrus
under organic management in no-tillage system. The treatments of the sixth experiment were
maize-velvet bean intercrop. The later was sown in five different times after maize
germination, mucuna alone, maize alone, spontaneous vegetation, and cultivation with
conventional tillage of the soil. The treatments of the seventh experiment were maize
intercropped with Crotalaria juncea, the latter was slashed, slashed and pruned, maize with
basic fertilizer, maize with basic and dressing fertilizers, crotalaria alone, maize alone,
spontaneous vegetation, and cultivation with conventional tillage of the soil. The
experimental design adopted for both experiments was randomized blocks. The evaluation of
the aerial phytomass production was determined when the legume species flowered and when
the non-legume ones underwent the grain filling process. The quantification of BNF and the
determination of the B value were estimated by using natural abundance 15N and the 15N
dilution technique. Functional growth analyses were also carried out as well as soil cover
rates, digestion time of the plant tissues, and the phytosociology were determined. On the
sixth and seventh experiments the green manure contributions on the agronomic behavior of
the cabbage cultivated in no-tillage system under organic management were evaluated. The
results obtained have demonstrated the viability for the cultivations of these legume species at
the Cerrado Biome, with the contribution of the BNF varying between 75 and 85% of the
nitrogen found in the plant tissue originating from the air. They have also demonstrated the
viability of using C. juncea and velvet bean when both are intercropped with maize in the
mulching formation to the organic cultivation of the cabbage in no-tillage system
Cap. II
Two experiments were carried out to evaluate the agronomic behavior of legume species in
which several components of plant growth were evaluated, such as aerial phytomass production,
soil cover rate, seed production, besides phytosociology and in situ decomposition rate under
cerrado conditions in Mato Grosso do Sul in two periods of the year. One experiment was carried
out during the Spring-Summer period and the other one was carried out during the Fall-Winter
period. Both experiments were carried out at the Centro de Pesquisa da Ag?ncia de
Desenvolvimento Rural e Extens?o Rural de Mato Grosso do Sul (Mato Grosso do Sul Research
center of the Agency of rural development and extension), in Campo Grande ? MS. The
experimental design adopted for both was randomized blocks, formed by eleven treatments made
up by the species C. juncea, C. ochroleuca, C. mucronata, C. spectabilis, C. breviflora, Mucuna
aterrima, Mucuna pruriens, Canavalia brasiliensis, Canavalia ensiformis, Cajanus Cajans cv
?IAPAR an?o?, and Cajanus Cajans cv. giant broad bean. The agronomic behavior of the species
that were studied was evaluated by the analysis of the stem and the leaf separately. It was
observed that the aerial phytomass productions differed significantly with the species of the
genus Crotalaria, showing the best results. Crotalaria juncea stands out with 14.16 Mg ha-1,
followed by the Cajanus cajan cv. Fava larga with 11.58 Mg ha-1; there were no significant
differences among the species of prostrate habit, mucunas and Brazilian jackbean (Canavalia
brasiliensis). The later obtained 3.56 Mg ha-1 and the former did 2.85 Mg ha-1. Regarding seed
production, the best performances were obtained during the Fall-Winter period for all legume
species, except jack bean and feij?o-bravo (Capparis flexuosa), both obtained similar
performances on the two periods of sowing, probably because they might be more tolerant to the
drought stress. Regarding the decomposition rate, the results have revealed that the
decomposition constants and the residue half-lives had different behaviors on the species that
were studied; the Crotalaria species obtained higher decomposition rates when compared to the
other species, differentiated behaviors were also noticed on the stem and on the leaf. The C.
juncea, jack bean, and the two species of mucuna obtained higher soil cover rate, which reflected
a higher suppression of spontaneous plants
Cap. III
Two experiments related to the quantification of BNF and the determination of the isotope
discrimination, ?B value?, in legume species previously selected were simultaneously carried out
in the experimental field of the AGRAER-MS, in Campo Grande-MS, during the Spring/Summer
period in the 2005/2006 year of production. The experimental design adopted was randomized
blocks, formed by ten treatments made up by the species C. juncea, C. ochroleuca, C. mucronata,
C. spectabilis, velvet bean, Brazilian jackbean, and Pigeon pea; there have been also, as checks,
Sunflower, Maize, and Brachiaria species. The aerial phytomass productions were determined
when each legume species flowered and when the non-legume ones underwent the grain filling
process. With the samples of legumes and check plants, the quantities of N and the BNF were
estimated by using the 15N dilution technique. Afterwards, when the BNF values were known,
they were applied to the equation used in natural abundance 15N with the aim of estimating the B
value. Regarding the aerial phytomass production, the Pigeon pea had the best performance,
followed by the C. ochroleuca, reaching averages of 16.24 Mg ha-1 against 14.44 Mg ha-1. The
legume species behaved similarly to the amount of accumulated nitrogen; the Pigeon pea, C.
ohcroleuca, and C. mucronata reached values of 346.57 kg ha-1, 333.25 kg ha-1, and 277.35 kg ha-
1 respectively, and they deserve a distinction. Regarding the %BNF, it was observed that the 15N
dilution technique could not be applied in all the species that were studied since the cycle of most
legumes species was different from the checks; in this way, the checks were not appropriate
because the technique demands that legumes and checks grow simultaneously and under the same
conditions. However, to the varieties which were more precocious that the checks, the BNF value
must be at least between 73 to 87%. Just on the specie C. mucronata it was possible to estimate
the BNF and the B value with the rigor that the applied isotopic methodologies demand. The B
value of this specie was -3.69.
Cap. IV
The aim of this study is to evaluate the agronomic behavior of the cabbage in no-tillage system
under organic management and the contribution of the prior cultivation of two legumes with
different growing habits intercropping with maize in the mulching formation. Both experiments
were carried out in the experimental field of AGRAER-MS, in Campo Grande-MS. The first
experiment was the maize-C. juncea intercrop, the latter was managed, slashed, pruned, and
slashed afterwards; besides the cultivation of single maize, single C. juncea, cultivation with
conventional tillage of the soil with and without fertilization with equivalent amounts of 100 Kg
N ha-1 at planting and sidressed 30 days after the maize cultivation, making up eight treatments
with four replications in randomized blocks. The dry matter productions in the aerial part of the
cover crops and the spontaneous vegetation were evaluated. Agronomic characteristics that were
evaluated on the cabbage: productivity, commercial standard, fresh and dry weight, besides the
dry phytomass of the prior cultivation. On this experiment it was possible to verify better yields
regarding the fresh weight and head diameter when we used single, pruned C. juncea maize with
basic fertilizer, and maize with base and dressing fertilizers, reaching a fresh weight over 1.0 Kg
and heads diameter over 10 cm. Regarding maize and cabbage productivity, they were not
influenced by the different kinds of intercrop systems; there were no significant statistic
difference of treatments, which also reflected on the dry matter production of the prior
cultivations. On the second experiment, the experimental design which was adopted was
randomized blocks, with nine treatments and four replicates. The treatments were: maize-velvet
bean intercrop, the later was planted in five different times: after the maize germination, maize
alone, mucuna alone, cultivation with conventional tillage of the soil, and fallow with
spontaneous vegetation, making up a total number of nine treatments. The parameters that were
evaluated were similar to the ones of the former experiment.The cabbage production showed the
most promising yield 2.06 Kg of head average weight and when cultivated as a sequential crop to
the maize-velvet bean intercrop sown 15 days after the maize germination, differing significantly
from the other treatments. When we analyzed the maize productivities, we noticed fall of
productivity around 29% when it was intercropped with velvet bean at 15 and 30 days after its
germination when it was compared to the other prior cultivations in which the intercrop system
was used. / Cap. I
O presente trabalho teve como finalidade avaliar o comportamento agron?mico de diferentes
esp?cies de leguminosas nas condi??es do cerrado de Mato Grosso do Sul. Foram conduzidos
sete experimentos, todos no campo experimental da Ag?ncia de Desenvolvimento Agr?rio e
Extens?o Rural de MS, sendo que dois deles foram referentes ? avalia??o do desempenho das
leguminosas. O primeiro foi instalado no per?odo de primavera-ver?o e o segundo no outonoinverno.
Os tratamentos foram constitu?dos das esp?cies de leguminosas Crotal?ria juncea,
Crotal?ria ochroleuca, Crotal?ria mucronata, Crotal?ria reviflora, Mucuna pruriens,
Mucuna aterrima, Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp cv Fava larga e Cv IAPAR Arat? 43 an?o,
Canavalia ensiformes e Canavalia brasiliensis. O terceiro experimento foi realizado para
determinar a taxa de decomposi??o da fitomassa seca e libera??o de nitrog?nio das esp?cies
avaliadas, realizado no per?odo de outono-inverno, com os tratamentos constituindo-se da
palhada das leguminosas descrita acima, exceto C. breviflora, pois a leguminosa sofreu ataque
severo de Fusarium sp. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos ao acaso, com onze
tratamentos e nove ?pocas de coleta distribu?dos em quatro repeti??es. O quarto e o quinto
experimentos foram realizados no ano subsequente e tiveram como finalidade quantificar a
Fixa??o Biol?gica de Nitrog?nio (FBN) e determinar o valor de discrimina??o isot?pica
?Valor B?, tendo como tratamentos sete esp?cies de leguminosas previamente selecionadas
pelos seus desempenhos nas a??es experimentais anteriores e tr?s testemunhas, Brachiaria
decumbens, Helianthus annuus e Zea mays cv BR 106, dispostos em blocos ao acaso com
quatro repeti??es. O sexto e o s?timo experimentos foram conduzidos para avaliar o
desempenho do repolho cv Astrus sob manejo org?nico em sistema plantio direto, sendo que
o sexto experimento teve como tratamentos cons?rcio milho x mucuna cinza, sendo esta
semeada em cinco ?pocas diferentes, ap?s germina??o do milho, mucuna em monocultivo,
milho em monocultivo, vegeta??o espont?nea e cultivo com preparo convencional do solo. O
s?timo experimento teve como tratamentos milho consorciado com Crotal?ria juncea, sendo
esta ro?ada, ro?ada e podada, milho com aduba??o de base, milho com aduba??o de base e
cobertura, crotal?ria em monocultivo, milho em monocultivo, vegeta??o espont?nea e cultivo
com preparo convencional do solo. O delineamento experimental adotado em ambos os
experimentos foi o de blocos ao acaso. A avalia??o da produ??o de fitomassa a?rea foi
determinada por ocasi?o do florescimento para as esp?cies de leguminosas e de enchimento
de gr?os para as n?o-leguminosas. A quantifica??o da FBN e determina??o do valor ?B?
foram estimadas utilizando-se a t?cnica de abund?ncia natural 15N e da dilui??o isot?pica de
15N. Foram tamb?m realizadas an?lises funcionais de crescimento, bem como determinadas as
taxas de cobertura do solo, tempo de decomposi??o dos tecidos vegetais e a fitossociologia.
No sexto e no s?timo experimentos, foram avaliadas as contribui??es da aduba??o verde no
desempenho agron?mico do repolho cultivado em sistema de plantio direto, sob manejo
org?nico. Os resultados obtidos demonstraram a viabilidade do cultivo destas leguminosas no
bioma cerrado, com a contribui??o da FBN, variando entre 75 e 85% do nitrog?nio
encontrado no tecido vegetal proveniente do ar. Tamb?m, demonstraram a viabilidade do uso
da C. juncea e M. cinza quando cultivadas em cons?rcio com milho para obten??o de palhada
ao cultivo org?nico do repolho em sistema plantio direto.
Cap. II
Dois experimentos foram conduzidos para avaliar o comportamento agron?mico de esp?cies de
leguminosas, onde foram avaliados diferentes componentes do crescimento vegetal, como
produ??o fitomassa a?rea, taxa de cobertura de solo, produ??o de sementes, al?m da
fitossociologia e taxa de decomposi??o ?in situ?, nas condi??es do cerrado de Mato Grosso do
Sul, em duas ?pocas do ano. Os experimentos foram conduzidos no Centro de Pesquisa da
Ag?ncia de Desenvolvimento Agr?rio e Extens?o Rural de Mato Grosso do Sul, localizado em
Campo Grande - MS, sendo um no per?odo de primavera-ver?o e outro no outono-inverno. Em
ambos, o delineamento experimental adotado foi o de blocos ao acaso, formado de onze
tratamentos constitu?dos das esp?cies C. juncea, C. ochroleuca, C. mucronata, C. spectabilis, C.
breviflora, Mucuna aterrima, Mucuna pruriens, Canavalia brasiliensis, Canavalia ensiformis,
Cajanus Cajans cv. IAPAR an?o e Cajanus Cajans cv. fava larga gigante. O comportamento
agron?mico das esp?cies estudadas foi avaliado analisando-se separadamente haste e folha.
Observou-se que as produ??es de fitomassa a?rea diferiram de forma significativa com as
esp?cies do g?nero crotal?ria, obtendo-se melhores desempenhos. Destacam-se a Crotal?ria
juncea com 14,16 Mg ha-1, seguida do Guandu cv fava-larga com 11,58 Mg ha-1; entre as esp?cies
de h?bito prostrado, n?o houve diferen?as significativas, mucunas e o feij?o-bravo-do Cear?,
sendo que esse obteve 3,56 Mg ha-1 contra 2,85 Mg ha-1 da M. preta. Com rela??o ? produ??o de
sementes, os melhores desempenhos foram obtidos no per?odo de outono-inverno para todas as
leguminosas, com exce??o do feij?o-de-porco e feij?o-bravo, que obtiveram desempenhos
semelhantes nas duas ?pocas de semeadura, provavelmente, por serem mais tolerantes ao estresse
h?drico. No tocante ? taxa de decomposi??o, os resultados revelaram que as constantes de
decomposi??o e tempo de meia-vida tiveram comportamentos diferentes para as esp?cies
estudadas, com esp?cies de crotal?ria obtendo maiores velocidades de decomposi??o quando
comparadas ?s demais esp?cies, notou-se tamb?m comportamentos diferenciados para haste e
folha. A C. juncea, feij?o de porco e as duas esp?cies de mucuna obtiveram maior taxa de
cobertura de solo, o que refletiu em uma maior supress?o da vegeta??o de ocorr?ncia espont?nea
Cap III
Foram conduzidos simultaneamente dois experimentos relacionados ? quantifica??o da FBN e
determina??o do valor de discrimina??o isot?pica, valor ?B?, em esp?cies de leguminosas
previamente selecionadas. Os experimentos foram conduzidos no campo experimental da
AGRAER-MS, localizado em Campo Grande-MS, no per?odo de primavera-ver?o, no ano
agr?cola 2005/06. O delineamento estat?stico utilizado foi o de blocos ao acaso, constitu?dos de
dez tratamentos, sendo este compostos pelas esp?cies C. juncea, C. ochroleuca, C. mucronata, C.
spectabilis, Mucuna cinza, Feij?o-bravo-do-cear? e Guandu fava larga; e como testemunhas as
esp?cies Girassol, Milho e Braqui?ria. Por ocasi?o do florescimento de cada esp?cie de
leguminosa e enchimento de gr?os das n?o-leguminosas, foram determinadas as produ??es de
fitomassa a?rea. A partir das amostras de leguminosas e plantas testemunhas, estimaram-se as
quantidades de N e a FBN, para tanto usando a t?cnica de dilui??o isot?pica de 15N .
Posteriormente, conhecendo-se os valores de FBN, aplicou-se aos mesmos a equa??o utilizada na
t?cnica de abund?ncia natural de 15N com a finalidade de estimar o valor B. Com rela??o ?
produ??o de fitomassa a?rea, o Guandu fava larga obteve melhor desempenho seguido da C.
ochroleuca, atingindo m?dias de 16,24 Mg ha -1 contra 14,44 Mg ha-1. Para a quantidade de
nitrog?nio acumulada as esp?cies de leguminosas se comportaram de maneira semelhante, com
destaque para o Guandu fava larga, C. ohcroleuca e C. Mucronata, atingido valores de 346,57 kg
ha-1, 333,25 kg ha-1 e 277,35 kg ha-1 respectivamente. No tocante ? %FBN, observou-se que a
t?cnica de dilui??o isot?pica de 15N n?o poderia ser aplicada para todas as esp?cies estudadas,
uma vez que a maioria das esp?cies de leguminosas teve ciclo diferenciado das testemunhas,
desta forma, as testemunhas n?o foram apropriadas, visto que a t?cnica exige que tanto as
leguminosas como as testemunhas cres?am nas mesmas condi??es e de forma simult?nea.
Contudo, para as variedades mais precoces que as testemunhas, o valor de FBN deve estar no
m?nimo entre 73 a 87%. Somente na esp?cie C. Mucronata, foi poss?vel estimar a FBN e o valor
B com o rigor que exigem as metodologias isot?picas aplicadas. O valor B para esta esp?cie foi
de -3,69.
Cap. IV
O presente estudo teve o objetivo de avaliar o desempenho agron?mico do repolho em sistema
plantio direto, sob manejo org?nico, e a contribui??o do pr?-cultivo de duas leguminosas de
h?bitos de crescimento distintos em cons?rcio com milho, na forma??o de palhada. Ambos
experimentos foram implantados no Campo Experimental da AGRAER, em Campo Grande-MS.
O primeiro experimento consistiu no cons?rcio entre milho e C. juncea, sendo esta manejada,
somente com ro?ada (taratamento 6), podada e posteriormente ro?ada (tratamento 5), al?m do
cultivo do milho solteiro, C. juncea solteira, cultivo com preparo convencional do solo, com
aus?ncia e presen?a de aduba??o, em quantidades equivalentes a 100 Kg N ha-1 no plantio e em
cobertura 30 dias ap?s plantio do milho, perfazendo oito tratamentos com quatro repeti??es,
dispostos em blocos ao acaso. Avaliaram-se as produ??es de mat?ria seca na parte a?rea das
plantas de cobertura e da vegeta??o espont?nea. As caracter?sticas agron?micas avaliadas no
repolho foram: produtividade, padr?o comercial, peso fresco e seco, al?m da fitomassa seca do
pr?-cultivo. Neste experimento, verificaram-se melhores rendimentos quanto ao peso m?dio e
di?metro da cabe?a quando se utilizaram C. juncea solteira, C.juncea ro?ada, milho com
aduba??o de base e milho com aduba??o de base e cobertura, alcan?ando peso m?dio acima de
1,0 kg e di?metro das cabe?as acima de 10 cm. Quanto ? produtividade do milho e do repolho,
estes n?o foram influenciados pelos diferentes tipos de cons?rcios, n?o havendo diferen?a
estat?stica significativa entre os tratamentos, o que refletiu tamb?m na produ??o de mat?ria seca
dos pr?-cultivos. No segundo experimento, o delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de
blocos ao acaso com nove tratamentos e quatro repeti??es. Os tratamentos foram: o cons?rcio
entre milho e mucuna cinza, sendo esta plantada em cinco ?pocas diferentes - ap?s a germina??o
do milho, monocultivo do milho, monocultivo da mucuna, cultivo com preparo convencional do
solo e pousio com vegeta??o espont?nea -, perfazendo um total de nove tratamentos. Os
par?metros avaliados foram semelhantes aos do experimento anterior. A produ??o do repolho
alcan?ou melhores rendimentos, 2,06 kg de peso m?dio da cabe?a; e, quando cultivado em
sucess?o ao cons?rcio milho x M. Cinza, semeada aos 15 dias ap?s germina??o do milho, diferiu
significativamente dos demais tratamentos. Ao se analisarem as produtividades do milho, notouse
uma queda de rendimento em torno de 29% quando este foi consorciado com M. Cinza, aos 15
e 30 dias ap?s sua germina??o, ao comparar-lo aos demais pr?-cultivos utilizando-se cons?rcios
|
38 |
Taršos lakiaisiais organiniais junginiais valdymas / Volatile organic compound pollution managementMedvedskienė, Jūratė 04 January 2007 (has links)
Along with industrial and economic growth there is a persistent risk of permanently increasing air pollution. Air pollution has especially grown in the second half of the 20th century due to intense development of energy, industry and transport sectors. These pollution sources still remain the largest air polluters.
Solvents, paints, glues, ink and other substances, emitting volatile organic compounds to air are used in such industries like reel, metal and wood coating, covering with glue sticks, footwear production, production of pharmaceutical products, printing, dry (chemical) surface cleaning etc. Emissions of volatile organic compounds make harm both to people and environment as well as damage the ozone layer. Volatile organic compounds also affect smog formation and green house effect.
In the paper it is hypothesised that after implementation of EU legislation, observing the given emission limit values, improving technologies and implementing new treatment technologies, applying the measures to reduce pollution with volatile organic compounds and replacing the materials, emitting volatile organic compounds, with less polluting ones or those without pollution, air emission of volatile organic compounds will reduce dramatically.
This master’s paper reviews the measures and ways to manage pollution with volatile organic compounds (VOC): directives and their requirements, transferred to the national laws of the member states, addressed to solve the VOC pollution problem... [to full text]
|
39 |
Les autels religieux, analyseurs des dynamiques subjectives dans les processus d'interculturation chez les migrants vietnamiens : une approche en psychologie interculturelle / The religious altars, analyseur of subjectives dynamics in the interculturation process among vietnamese migrants : an approach in intercultural psychologyThers, Alain 04 July 2012 (has links)
Notre présence de 1990 à 2010 en qualité d’éducateur spécialisé sur Beaubreuil, quartier de la ville de Limoges, Haute-Vienne, nous a permis d’accompagner, d’observer et de prendre part pendant plus de vingt années aux processus migratoires vietnamiens. Durant tout ce temps nous avons pu constater d’un point de vue psychologique que les ruptures consécutives à l’exil, puis au choc culturel né du contact avec la société d’accueil, ont fait surgir chez les individus des problématiques complexes, notamment identitaires. Dans l’exil, pour faire face aux risques psychosociaux provoqués par l’instabilité de leur structure psychique et de leur système culturel, les vietnamiens ont investi l’espace public et l’espace privé proposés par la culture d’accueil. Ces démarches, multiples, leur ont permis dans le réaménagement de ces espaces, de retrouver, de recréer, les éléments perçus par eux comme fondamentaux de leur culture d’origine, nécessaires et indispensables au travail de rééquilibrage psychique. En France, l’injonction culturelle vietnamienne d’élaboration d’autels religieux au sein de leurs habitations a conduit les personnes à réinterpréter, au sein de dynamiques subjectives, la question des différentes composantes de leur identité, personnelle et sociale, culturelle et religieuse. Les interactions entre l’injonction de la culture d’origine et l’espace proposé par la culture d’accueil ont conduit les sujets à engager des transformations, des modifications dans l’élaboration de leurs autels religieux. En ce sens ces élaborations rendent compte et constituent des analyseurs particulièrement pertinents des processus d’interculturation. / Our presence from 1990 to 2010 as a social worker in Beaubreuil, district of the city of Limoges, Haute-Vienne, allowed us to support, observe and take part for over twenty years in the Vietnamese migration processes. All this time, we noted from a psychological perspective, that ruptures, resulting from the exile, then from the culture shock, were born by contacts with the host society, have given rise to individuals, complex problems including identity ones. In exile, to face the psychosocial risks caused by the instability of their psychic structure and their cultural system, the Vietnamese have invested public and private areas offered by the host culture. These approaches, multiple, allowed them in the redevelopment of these areas, to find, to recreate the elements perceived by them as fundamental in their native culture, necessary and essential to their work of psychic restructuring. In France, the cultural injunction of religious altars development in the private sphere has led them to reinterpret in a subjective way the question of the different components of their identity personal and social, cultural and religious The interactions between the native culture injunction and the space proposed by the host culture has engaged transformations, changes in the elaboration of religious altars. In that way, they are reflecting and are forming analyzers, particularly relevant to us, the intercultural exchange process.
|
40 |
Elektronická demokracie a její možnosti v ČR / Electronic democracy and its potential in the Czech RepublicBejdák, Radek January 2011 (has links)
The diploma thesis examines new phenomena of electronic democracy which is becoming more popular with the internet expansion. The thesis summarizes existing research in the field of electronic democracy from a view of forms that could be or are taken. The aim of this summarization is to show that new transformational changes affecting our society do not automatically implicate a shift towards direct democracy. Using theoretical summarization a state of the art of electronic democracy in the Czech Republic is described. Importance is given to an analysis of contemporary evolving tools and initiatives which were developed from two directions - top-down and a bottom up. A part of this analysis is an assessment of important factors that are stimulating a development of electronic participation - freedom of information right, internet penetration and computer literacy.
|
Page generated in 0.0631 seconds