Abstract Ensuring of Respite Care Services in the Česká Lípa Region after Releasing of Patients from Hospital The goal of this thesis is to map the scope, the quality and further relationships of respite care in the Česká Lípa region in case of patients released from hospitals for whom a respite care is indicated, to find shortcomings of the systém and to propose optimal solutions of problems. There were two hypotheses set: H1: Sufficient respite care services are not provided to clients at weekends, H2: Consecutive respite care is not duly indicated by physicians to all clients released from hospitals who need it. The theoretical part of the thesis describes characteristics of respite care, its meaning and the process of ins development. The research was carried out trough the questioning method, using questionnaires and anasysis of documents. The other part of the thesis presents the results of performed quantitative research. These results were acquired by means of evaluation of questionnaires. The anasysis of acquired data confirmed both the supposed hypotheses. The discussion elucidates some problems related to the given theme and the conclusion of the thesis recommends some measures to improve the quality and continuity of providing the respite care services in the Česká Lípa region. The results of the thesis may inspire the existing as well as newly established respite care agencies to increase the quality of respite care.

A la fin du XVIe siècle, Toulon, port de pêche et de commerce sur la Méditerranée, n’est qu’une bourgade de quelques milliers d’habitants ; Charles VIII et Henri IV le transforment en une ville tournée maintenant vers l’abri et la réparation des galères, puis, avec un rudiment d’arsenal, vers la construction navale. La ville s’agrandie pour accueillir une population nouvelle venant participer à son essor aux côtés de ses habitants. Sous Louis XIV, Vauban et Colbert dotent la ville d’un arsenal, et transforment Toulon en place-forte en l’entourant, de puissantes fortifications. Les habitants sont confrontés à des habitudes héritées du passé, et d’autres venant de l’extérieur. L’étude démographique de cette population, dans la deuxième moitié du XVIIe siècle et au début du XVIIIe, est l’occasion de proposer une approche méthodique originale, séquencée, des paramètres de la fécondité des couples, fondée sur l’étude statistique des intervalles entre deux naissances consécutives. Les résultats cités montrent une population urbaine dynamique, participant pleinement à l’essor démographique de la ville, avec une forte natalité et une fécondité relativement faible freinée par l’adoption quasi unanime de l’allaitement maternel. / At the end of the 16th century, Toulon a fishing and trading port on the Mediterranean sea is only a small town of a thousand inhabitants, Charles VIII and Henri IV have the city centered on shelter and repair of galleys, then with a rudimentary arsenal, toward the shipbuilding industry. The city grows to welcome a new population coming to participate to its rise together with its inhabitant. Under the reign of Louis XIV, Vauban and Colbert grant the city an arsenal, and transform Toulon into a stronghold by surrounding it with solid fortification. The inhabitant are used to custom coming from the past and from the outside. The demographic study of this population, in the second half of the 17th century and the biginning of the 18th, is the occasion to propose a genuine methodical approach-sequenced- of conjugal fertility’s settings, based on the statistical study of intervals between two consecutive births. The results are revealing a dynamical urban population, taking fully part in demographical rise of the city, with a strong natality and a fertility relatively low slowed down by the almost unanimos choise of the maternal breasteeding.

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(人間・環境学) / 甲第22018号 / 人博第908号 / 2019||人博||908(吉田南総合図書館) / 京都大学大学院人間・環境学研究科共生人間学専攻 / (主査)准教授 中森 誉之, 教授 水野 尚之, 准教授 PETERSON,Mark / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Human and Environmental Studies / Kyoto University / DGAM

A k × n array with entries from a q-letter alphabet is called a t-covering array if each t × n submatrix contains amongst its columns each one of the gt different words of length t that can be produced by the q letters. In the present article we use a probabilistic approach based on an appropriate Markov chain embedding technique, to study a t-covering problem where, instead of looking at all possible t ×n submatrices, we consider only submatrices of dimension t ×n with its rows being consecutive rows of the original k × n array. Moreover, an exact formula is established for the probability distribution function of the random variable, which enumerates the number of deficient submatrices (i.e., submatrices with at least one missing word, amongst their columns), in the case of a k × n binary matrix (q = 2) obtained by realizing kn Bernoulli variables.

The Markov chain process for predicting the occurence of a sequence of rainless days, a standard technique, is critically examined in light of the basic underlying assumptions that must be made each time it is used. This is then compared to a simple binomial model wherein an event is defined to be a series of rainless days of desired length. Computer programs to perform the required calculations are then presented and compared as to complexity and operating characteristics. Finally, an example of applying both programs to real data is presented and further comparisons are drawn between the two techniques.

In der Dolmetschwissenschaft wird die Stenografie größtenteils mit Skepsis betrachtet. Während es einzelne Stimmen gibt, die einen möglichen Nutzen derselben beim Notationsvorgang des Konsekutivdolmetschens sehen, wird das Stenografieren in diesem Rahmen insgesamt kritisch gesehen. Weit verbreitet ist die Ansicht, dass eine Kurzschrift lediglich beim Erstellen von Wortprotokollen eingesetzt werden sollte. Diese Arbeit geht der Frage auf den Grund, inwiefern die Stenografie, konkret die Deutsche Einheitskurzschrift (DEK), dennoch beim Notationsvorgang des konsekutiven Dolmetschens hilfreich sein kann. Als Grundlage hierfür dient die Analyse der Verdolmetschungen einer Reihe kurzer Reden, die über den Zeitraum von etwa einem Jahr im Selbstversuch unter ausschließlicher oder anteiliger Verwendung der DEK-Vorstufe Notizschrift und der Verkehrsschrift konsekutiv verdolmetscht wurden. Die Schwierigkeit der Reden wurde dabei schrittweise gesteigert. Der Fokus der Analyse liegt auf dem Sprachenpaar Englisch-Deutsch, wobei auch Besonderheiten für Spanisch-Deutsch aufgezeigt werden. Betrachtet werden hierbei sowohl die Notizen selbst als auch die Dolmetschleistung. Die Originalreden können über das Speech Repository der Europäischen Kommission aufgerufen werden. Es konnte abgeleitet werden, dass die Stenografie eine wertvolle Ergänzung für die Notation sein kann, wenn sie in Kombination mit anderen bekannten Notizentechniken angewendet wird. Eine frühzeitige Vermittlung der DEK in der Laufbahn von Dolmetscher:innen ist dabei als sinnvoll anzusehen, damit diese früh in ein individuell zu entwickelndes System eingebunden werden kann.:Inhaltsverzeichnis 1 Einleitung 1 2 Kurzüberblick Konferenzdolmetschen 3 2.1 Einführung in das Konsekutivdolmetschen 5 2.2 Einsatzbereiche beim Konsekutivdolmetschen 7 3 Einführung in die Stenografie 9 3.1 Was ist und woher kommt Stenografie? 9 3.1.1 Anfänge 10 3.1.2 Entwicklung stenografischer Systeme in Europa 11 3.1.2.1 England 12 3.1.2.2 Romanischer Sprachraum 13 3.1.2.3 Deutschland 15 3.1.3 Die Deutsche Einheitskurzschrift (DEK) 18 3.1.4 Stenografie heute 19 3.2 Grundlagen der DEK 21 3.2.1 Stufe 1 – Notizschrift 24 3.2.2 Stufe 2 – Verkehrsschrift 25 3.2.3 Stufe 3 – Eilschrift 27 3.2.4 Stufe 4 – Redeschrift 29 3.2.5 Zusammenhänge 31 4 Übersicht zur Notation 32 4.1 Grundlagen der Notizentechnik 33 4.2 Gedächtnis und Notation 35 4.3 Notationssystem nach Gillies 38 4.4 Notationssystem nach Matyssek 41 4.5 Mögliche Anwendung der Stenografie 44 5 Stenografie im Selbstversuch 46 5.1 Versuchsaufbau 46 5.1.1 Zeitlicher Rahmen 48 5.1.2 Sprachrichtungen 49 5.1.3 Verwendetes Stenografiesystem 49 5.2 Auswertung 50 5.2.1 Kriterien für die Auswertung 51 5.2.2 Auswertung Sprachenpaar Englisch, Deutsch 52 5.2.2.1 Deutsch-Englisch 52 5.2.2.2 Englisch-Deutsch 77 5.2.3 Ergänzungen Sprachenpaar Spanisch, Deutsch 94 5.2.3.1 Deutsch-Spanisch 94 5.2.3.2 Spanisch-Deutsch 104 5.3 Bedeutung für Notation und Lehre 111 5.3.1 Stenografie als Alternative zur klassischen Notizentechnik 111 5.3.2 Stenografie als Ergänzungsmöglichkeit bei der Notation 112 5.3.3 Stenografieunterricht für Dolmetschstudierende 113 6. Schlussbetrachtung 116 Literaturverzeichnis 117 Anhang i Anhang I: Material zu einem Gespräch mit Dr. Roth vom 16.03.2022 i Anhang Ia: Transkript zu Gesprächsauszügen vom 16.03.2022 i Anhang Ib: Einverständniserklärung zur Verwendung des Transkripts xix Anhang II: Elektronischer Datenträger xx Eidesstattliche Erklärung / In interpreting studies, there is considerable scepticism about the use of shorthand. While some researchers do see a possible benefit in shorthand when applied in consecutive interpreting, the vast majority is not recommending its use. The opinion that shorthand should only be used when preparing verbatim minutes is widely spread. This paper investigates to what extent shorthand, more precisely, the DEK (German Unified Shorthand), could still be of use in consecutive note-taking and thus, interpreting. The underlying analysis is based on several short speeches that were interpreted consecutively by the author over a period of approximately a year, while exclusively or partly using shorthand for note-taking. The analysis is mainly based on the so-called note-taking style (Notizschrift) which is a preliminary stage of the first official level of shorthand: correspondence style (Verkehrsschrift). The level of difficulty of the speeches was gradually increased over time. The focus is on the English-German language pair, although there are some particularities mentioned for Spanish-German as well. The notes themselves and the respective interpreting results form the basis of the analysis. The original speeches can be found in the Speech Repository of the European Commission. It was found that shorthand can indeed be a valuable complement to other note-taking techniques when used together with them. Therefore, it should be taught relatively early during an interpreter’s career to avoid having to later fit it in with an already existing system that each interpreter develops individually.:Inhaltsverzeichnis 1 Einleitung 1 2 Kurzüberblick Konferenzdolmetschen 3 2.1 Einführung in das Konsekutivdolmetschen 5 2.2 Einsatzbereiche beim Konsekutivdolmetschen 7 3 Einführung in die Stenografie 9 3.1 Was ist und woher kommt Stenografie? 9 3.1.1 Anfänge 10 3.1.2 Entwicklung stenografischer Systeme in Europa 11 3.1.2.1 England 12 3.1.2.2 Romanischer Sprachraum 13 3.1.2.3 Deutschland 15 3.1.3 Die Deutsche Einheitskurzschrift (DEK) 18 3.1.4 Stenografie heute 19 3.2 Grundlagen der DEK 21 3.2.1 Stufe 1 – Notizschrift 24 3.2.2 Stufe 2 – Verkehrsschrift 25 3.2.3 Stufe 3 – Eilschrift 27 3.2.4 Stufe 4 – Redeschrift 29 3.2.5 Zusammenhänge 31 4 Übersicht zur Notation 32 4.1 Grundlagen der Notizentechnik 33 4.2 Gedächtnis und Notation 35 4.3 Notationssystem nach Gillies 38 4.4 Notationssystem nach Matyssek 41 4.5 Mögliche Anwendung der Stenografie 44 5 Stenografie im Selbstversuch 46 5.1 Versuchsaufbau 46 5.1.1 Zeitlicher Rahmen 48 5.1.2 Sprachrichtungen 49 5.1.3 Verwendetes Stenografiesystem 49 5.2 Auswertung 50 5.2.1 Kriterien für die Auswertung 51 5.2.2 Auswertung Sprachenpaar Englisch, Deutsch 52 5.2.2.1 Deutsch-Englisch 52 5.2.2.2 Englisch-Deutsch 77 5.2.3 Ergänzungen Sprachenpaar Spanisch, Deutsch 94 5.2.3.1 Deutsch-Spanisch 94 5.2.3.2 Spanisch-Deutsch 104 5.3 Bedeutung für Notation und Lehre 111 5.3.1 Stenografie als Alternative zur klassischen Notizentechnik 111 5.3.2 Stenografie als Ergänzungsmöglichkeit bei der Notation 112 5.3.3 Stenografieunterricht für Dolmetschstudierende 113 6. Schlussbetrachtung 116 Literaturverzeichnis 117 Anhang i Anhang I: Material zu einem Gespräch mit Dr. Roth vom 16.03.2022 i Anhang Ia: Transkript zu Gesprächsauszügen vom 16.03.2022 i Anhang Ib: Einverständniserklärung zur Verwendung des Transkripts xix Anhang II: Elektronischer Datenträger xx Eidesstattliche Erklärung

京都大学 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(理学) / 甲第24436号 / 理博第4935号 / 新制||理||1705(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院理学研究科化学専攻 / (主査)教授 北川 宏, 教授 有賀 哲也, 教授 吉村 一良 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Science / Kyoto University / DGAM

Bei den steigenden Sequenzen, die im Œuvre Arcangelo Corellis vorkommen, lassen sich drei Grundtypen unterscheiden, die unterschiedliche formale Funktionen innerhalb der Kompositionen erfüllen. Die steigende Quintfallsequenz tritt in Corellis Triosonaten op. 1 bevorzugt in Zwischenspielen fugierter Sätze auf. In späteren Opera etabliert sie sich an drei Positionen im Verlauf zweiteiliger Sätze: in deren erstem Wiederholungsteil als Fortspinnung, zu Beginn des zweiten Wiederholungsteils als modulierendes Satzmodell sowie in der den Satzschlüssen vorausgehenden Phase, indem die Grundtonart gefestigt und eine Klimax herbeigeführt wird. Die seltenere Quintanstiegsequenz dient im Frühwerk zunächst der Modulation, während sie sich in späteren Kompositionen dank ihrer reizvollen Kanon- und Syncopatio-Wirkungen für die ausführliche Darstellung einer einzigen Tonart empfiehlt. Um ein Sequenzmodell, das sich ebenfalls mit einem Oberstimmenkanon darstellen lässt, bei dem die Sequenzierung aber quartweise abwärts verläuft und das auf Molltonarten beschränkt ist, handelt es sich bei der über Zwischendominanten vermittelten Quintanstiegsequenz. Der Dur-Moll-Parallelismus spielt in Corellis späteren Kompositionen zunehmend eine Rolle bei der Inszenierung des Kontrasts zwischen einer Moll- und ihrer parallelen Durtonart. Bevorzugte verwandte Satzmodelle sind die 9–8- sowie die 7–6-Konsekutive. / In the works of Arcangelo Corelli, three basic types of rising sequences occur, fulfilling different formal functions. In Corelli’s trio sonatas op. 1, the “rising sequence of falling fiths” usually appears in the episodes of fugal movements. In later works, it establishes itself in three positions over the course of a two-part movement: as a continuation in the first repeated section, as a modulating “Satzmodell” at the beginning of the second section, and as a climatic affirmation of the basic key in the phrase preceding the end of the movement. In the early works, the rarer rising fifth sequence is initially used for modulation; in later compositions its charming canon and syncopation effects make it ideal for exploring a single key in detail. The rising fifth sequence with inserted dominants can also be employed with a canon in the upper voice in which the sequence moves downwards by fourths, but this is limited to minor keys. In Corelli’s later compositions, what Carl Dahlhaus termed “Dur-Moll-Parallismus” increasingly plays a role in creating the contrast between a minor key and its parallel major. Consecutive 9–8 and 7–6 “Satzmodelle” are commonly used, related options.

Os fertilizantes nitrogenados desempenham função importante na nutrição e aumento da produtividade da cana-de-açúcar, porém alteram os processos de transformação de C e N do solo. Este trabalho teve por objetivo principal avaliar o efeito da aplicação consecutiva de fertilizantes minerais e orgânicos nas transformações microbianas, na mineralização do N, nos estoques de C, N total e N mineral, e na fertilidade do solo a médio prazo. Foram escolhidas duas áreas cultivadas com cana-de-açúcar no Estado de São Paulo nas quais experimentos com manejo da adubação nitrogenada foram conduzidos desde 2010 e 2011, com reaplicação anual dos tratamentos até 2014. Nestas áreas foi adotado o delineamento estatístico casualizado em blocos com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos foram: controle (sem adubação nitrogenada), adubação com as fontes nitrato de amônio, ureia, composto orgânico e Ajifer® na dose 100 kg ha-1 ano-1 N, e adubação com a fonte YaraBella NitromagTM nas doses de 50, 100, 150 e 200 kg ha- 1 ano-1 N. Para avaliar o efeito dos tratamentos na variação da fertilidade do solo e no teor de N orgânico hidrolisável (N-ISNT), foram realizadas amostragens de solo anuais nestes experimentos nas camadas de 0-20 e 20-40 cm. Para avaliar o efeito dos tratamentos nos processos de transformação do C e N do solo, em 2014 foram coletadas amostras de solo até 100 cm de profundidade nos tratamentos controle, composto orgânico, YaraBella NitromagTM nas doses 100 e 200 kg ha-1 ano-1 N e mata nativa, nas quais foram determinados a densidade do solo e teores de C orgânico, N total e N mineral (N-NH4+ e N-NO3- + N-NO2-). Adicionalmente, amostras da camada de 0-20 cm foram incubadas em laboratório para avaliar a disponibilidade temporal de N e os teores de C e N da biomassa microbiana e sua atividade. Os efeitos da adubação nitrogenada consecutiva foram pouco expressivos nas transformações microbianas, na disponibilidade temporal de N mineral e nos estoques de C e N do solo; entretanto, foi observado acúmulo de N mineral em camadas mais profundas (> 40 cm) para a dose de 200 kg ha-1 ano-1 N. Além disso, a área de mata apresentou melhores atributos microbiológicos e maior estoque de C e N comparado às áreas cultivadas com cana-de-açúcar. Em relação à variação da fertilidade do solo, observou-se que o aumento das doses de N potencializa a acidificação do solo em anos consecutivos, assim como promove diminuição do teor de bases trocáveis. A manutenção da fertilidade do solo, dos atributos microbiológicos, e dos estoques de C, N total e N mineral para produção sustentável de biocombustíveis depende do manejo adequado da fertilização nitrogenada no sistema de colheita dos canaviais sem prévia queima. De forma complementar e paralela a estes trabalhos, foi objeto de estudo a adaptação e validação de métodos colorimétricos na determinação de N inorgânico em extratos de solos tropicais. Os resultados revelaram que é necessário adicionar carvão ativado durante o processo de extração para que os métodos colorimétricos apresentem melhor exatidão e precisão. Recomenda-se utilizar solução extratora de KCl 2,0 mol L-1 e permitir tempo de reação de 30 min. A faixa linear de trabalho mais adequada varia de 0 a 7,5 e 0 a 10,0 mg L-1 de N para leituras de N-NH4+ e N-NO3- respectivamente. / Nitrogen fertilizers play an important role in nutrition and increased productivity of sugarcane, however, affect cycling of C and N in the soil. This study mainly aimed to evaluate the effect of the consecutive application of organic and inorganic sources of N in microbial soil transformations, in N mineralization, in C, total N and mineral N stocks, and soil fertility in the medium term. They were chosen two areas cultivated with sugarcane in the State of São Paulo in which experiments with management of nitrogen fertilization have been conducted since 2010 and 2011, with annual reapplication of treatments through 2014. In these areas was adopted the randomized blocks experimental design, with four replications. The treatments were: control (no nitrogen fertilization), fertilization with sources of ammonium nitrate, urea, organic fertilizer and Ajifer® at rate of 100 kg ha-1 yr-1 N, and fertilization with YaraBella NitromagTM source at rates of 50, 100, 150 and 200 kg ha-1 yr-1 N. To evaluate the effect of treatments on the variation of soil fertility and hydrolysable organic-N fraction (N-ISNT), annual soil samples were collected in these experiments at 0-0.2 and 0.2-0.40 m. To evaluate the effect of treatments on soil C and N transformations, soil samples were collected up to 1.0 m depth in the control, organic fertilizers, YaraBella NitromagTM at rates of 100 and 200 kg ha-1 yr-1 N treatments and bushland, in which were determined bulk density and organic C, total N and mineral N (NH4+-N and NO2--N + NO3--N). In addition, soil samples of the 0-0.2 m were incubated in the laboratory to assess the availability of N and the content of C and N microbial biomass and microbial activity. The effects of consecutive nitrogen fertilizer were inexpressive in microbial transformations, in the temporal availability of mineral N and C and N soil stocks; however, it was observed mineral N accumulation in deeper layers (> 0.4 m) at rate of 200 kg ha-1 yr-1 N. Moreover, the bushland showed better microbiological attributes and largest C and N soil stocks compared with areas cultivated with sugarcane. In relation to the variation of soil fertility, it observed that the increase in N rates enhances the soil acidification in consecutive years, and promotes decreased levels of exchangeable bases. The maintenance of soil fertility, the microbiological attributes, and the C, total N and mineral N soil stocks for sustainable biofuel production depends on proper management of nitrogen fertilization on crop system of without burning sugarcane fields. Complementarily and in parallel with these studies, it was the object of study the adaptation and validation of colorimetric methods for the determination of inorganic N in tropical soil extracts. The results revealed that it is necessary to add activated charcoal during the extraction process so that colorimetric methods exhibit better accuracy and precision. It is recommended to use extraction solution of KCl 2,0 mol L-1 and allow 30 min reaction time between addition of reagent and the spectrophotometer reading. The linear working range more suitable varies from 0 to 7.5 and 0 to 10,0 mg L-1 of N for measurement of NH4+-N and NO3--N respectively.

Os fertilizantes nitrogenados desempenham função importante na nutrição e aumento da produtividade da cana-de-açúcar, porém alteram os processos de transformação de C e N do solo. Este trabalho teve por objetivo principal avaliar o efeito da aplicação consecutiva de fertilizantes minerais e orgânicos nas transformações microbianas, na mineralização do N, nos estoques de C, N total e N mineral, e na fertilidade do solo a médio prazo. Foram escolhidas duas áreas cultivadas com cana-de-açúcar no Estado de São Paulo nas quais experimentos com manejo da adubação nitrogenada foram conduzidos desde 2010 e 2011, com reaplicação anual dos tratamentos até 2014. Nestas áreas foi adotado o delineamento estatístico casualizado em blocos com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos foram: controle (sem adubação nitrogenada), adubação com as fontes nitrato de amônio, ureia, composto orgânico e Ajifer® na dose 100 kg ha-1 ano-1 N, e adubação com a fonte YaraBella NitromagTM nas doses de 50, 100, 150 e 200 kg ha- 1 ano-1 N. Para avaliar o efeito dos tratamentos na variação da fertilidade do solo e no teor de N orgânico hidrolisável (N-ISNT), foram realizadas amostragens de solo anuais nestes experimentos nas camadas de 0-20 e 20-40 cm. Para avaliar o efeito dos tratamentos nos processos de transformação do C e N do solo, em 2014 foram coletadas amostras de solo até 100 cm de profundidade nos tratamentos controle, composto orgânico, YaraBella NitromagTM nas doses 100 e 200 kg ha-1 ano-1 N e mata nativa, nas quais foram determinados a densidade do solo e teores de C orgânico, N total e N mineral (N-NH4+ e N-NO3- + N-NO2-). Adicionalmente, amostras da camada de 0-20 cm foram incubadas em laboratório para avaliar a disponibilidade temporal de N e os teores de C e N da biomassa microbiana e sua atividade. Os efeitos da adubação nitrogenada consecutiva foram pouco expressivos nas transformações microbianas, na disponibilidade temporal de N mineral e nos estoques de C e N do solo; entretanto, foi observado acúmulo de N mineral em camadas mais profundas (> 40 cm) para a dose de 200 kg ha-1 ano-1 N. Além disso, a área de mata apresentou melhores atributos microbiológicos e maior estoque de C e N comparado às áreas cultivadas com cana-de-açúcar. Em relação à variação da fertilidade do solo, observou-se que o aumento das doses de N potencializa a acidificação do solo em anos consecutivos, assim como promove diminuição do teor de bases trocáveis. A manutenção da fertilidade do solo, dos atributos microbiológicos, e dos estoques de C, N total e N mineral para produção sustentável de biocombustíveis depende do manejo adequado da fertilização nitrogenada no sistema de colheita dos canaviais sem prévia queima. De forma complementar e paralela a estes trabalhos, foi objeto de estudo a adaptação e validação de métodos colorimétricos na determinação de N inorgânico em extratos de solos tropicais. Os resultados revelaram que é necessário adicionar carvão ativado durante o processo de extração para que os métodos colorimétricos apresentem melhor exatidão e precisão. Recomenda-se utilizar solução extratora de KCl 2,0 mol L-1 e permitir tempo de reação de 30 min. A faixa linear de trabalho mais adequada varia de 0 a 7,5 e 0 a 10,0 mg L-1 de N para leituras de N-NH4+ e N-NO3- respectivamente. / Nitrogen fertilizers play an important role in nutrition and increased productivity of sugarcane, however, affect cycling of C and N in the soil. This study mainly aimed to evaluate the effect of the consecutive application of organic and inorganic sources of N in microbial soil transformations, in N mineralization, in C, total N and mineral N stocks, and soil fertility in the medium term. They were chosen two areas cultivated with sugarcane in the State of São Paulo in which experiments with management of nitrogen fertilization have been conducted since 2010 and 2011, with annual reapplication of treatments through 2014. In these areas was adopted the randomized blocks experimental design, with four replications. The treatments were: control (no nitrogen fertilization), fertilization with sources of ammonium nitrate, urea, organic fertilizer and Ajifer® at rate of 100 kg ha-1 yr-1 N, and fertilization with YaraBella NitromagTM source at rates of 50, 100, 150 and 200 kg ha-1 yr-1 N. To evaluate the effect of treatments on the variation of soil fertility and hydrolysable organic-N fraction (N-ISNT), annual soil samples were collected in these experiments at 0-0.2 and 0.2-0.40 m. To evaluate the effect of treatments on soil C and N transformations, soil samples were collected up to 1.0 m depth in the control, organic fertilizers, YaraBella NitromagTM at rates of 100 and 200 kg ha-1 yr-1 N treatments and bushland, in which were determined bulk density and organic C, total N and mineral N (NH4+-N and NO2--N + NO3--N). In addition, soil samples of the 0-0.2 m were incubated in the laboratory to assess the availability of N and the content of C and N microbial biomass and microbial activity. The effects of consecutive nitrogen fertilizer were inexpressive in microbial transformations, in the temporal availability of mineral N and C and N soil stocks; however, it was observed mineral N accumulation in deeper layers (> 0.4 m) at rate of 200 kg ha-1 yr-1 N. Moreover, the bushland showed better microbiological attributes and largest C and N soil stocks compared with areas cultivated with sugarcane. In relation to the variation of soil fertility, it observed that the increase in N rates enhances the soil acidification in consecutive years, and promotes decreased levels of exchangeable bases. The maintenance of soil fertility, the microbiological attributes, and the C, total N and mineral N soil stocks for sustainable biofuel production depends on proper management of nitrogen fertilization on crop system of without burning sugarcane fields. Complementarily and in parallel with these studies, it was the object of study the adaptation and validation of colorimetric methods for the determination of inorganic N in tropical soil extracts. The results revealed that it is necessary to add activated charcoal during the extraction process so that colorimetric methods exhibit better accuracy and precision. It is recommended to use extraction solution of KCl 2,0 mol L-1 and allow 30 min reaction time between addition of reagent and the spectrophotometer reading. The linear working range more suitable varies from 0 to 7.5 and 0 to 10,0 mg L-1 of N for measurement of NH4+-N and NO3--N respectively.