This thesis presents the construction, the analysis and the verication of compact residual discretizations for the solution of conservation laws on unstructured meshes. <p>The schemes considered belong to the class of residual distribution (RD) or fluctuation splitting (FS) schemes. <p>The methodology presented relies on three main elements: design of compact linear first-order stable schemes for linear hyperbolic PDEs, a positivity preserving procedure mapping stable first-order linear schemes onto nonlinear second-order schemes with non-oscillatory shock capturing capabilities, and a conservative formulation enabling to extend the schemes to nonlinear CLs. These three design steps, and the underlying theoretical tools, are discussed in depth. The nonlinear RD schemes resulting from this construction are tested on a large set of problems involving the solution of scalar models, and systems of CLs. This extensive verification fills the gaps left open, where no theoretical analysis is possible. <p>Numerical results are presented on the Euler equations of a perfect gas, on a two-phase flow model with highly nonlinear thermodynamics, and on the shallow-water equations. <p>On irregular grids, the schemes proposed yield quite accurate and stable solutions even on very difficult computations. Direct comparisone show that these results are more accurate than the ones given by FV and WENO schemes. Moreover, our schemes have a compact nearest-neighbor stencil. This encourages to further develop our approach, toward the design of very high-order schemes, which would represent a very appealing alternative, both in terms of accuracy and efficiency, to now classical FV and ENO/WENO discretizations. These schemes might also be very competitive with respect to very high-order DG schemes. / Doctorat en sciences appliquées / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

This thesis presents the construction, the analysis and the verication of compact residual discretizations for the solution of conservation laws on unstructured meshes. The schemes considered belong to the class of residual distribution (RD) or fluctuation splitting (FS) schemes. The methodology presented relies on three main elements: design of compact linear first-order stable schemes for linear hyperbolic PDEs, a positivity preserving procedure mapping stable first-order linear schemes onto nonlinear second-order schemes with non-oscillatory shock capturing capabilities, and a conservative formulation enabling to extend the schemes to nonlinear CLs. These three design steps, and the underlying theoretical tools, are discussed in depth. The nonlinear RD schemes resulting from this construction are tested on a large set of problems involving the solution of scalar models, and systems of CLs. This extensive verification fills the gaps left open, where no theoretical analysis is possible. Numerical results are presented on the Euler equations of a perfect gas, on a two-phase flow model with highly nonlinear thermodynamics, and on the shallow-water equations. On irregular grids, the schemes proposed yield quite accurate and stable solutions even on very difficult computations. Direct comparisone show that these results are more accurate than the ones given by FV and WENO schemes. Moreover, our schemes have a compact nearest-neighbor stencil. This encourages to further develop our approach, toward the design of very high-order schemes, which would represent a very appealing alternative, both in terms of accuracy and efficiency, to now classical FV and ENO/WENO discretizations. These schemes might also be very competitive with respect to very high-order DG schemes.

Nesta tese é apresentado um esquema novo de alta resolução upwind (denominado TDPUS-C3) para reconstrução de fluxos numéricos para leis de conservação não lineares e problemas relacionados em DFC. O esquema é baseado nos critérios de estabilidade CBC e TVD e desenvolvido utilizando condições de diferenciabilidade \'C POT. 3\'. Além disso, é realiozada a implementação da associação do esquema TDPLUS-C3 com a modelagem de turbulência RNG \'\\kappa - \\epsilon\'. O propósito é obter soluções numéricas de sistemas hiperbólicos de leis de conservação para dinâmica dos gases e equações de Navier-Stokes para escoamento incompreensível de fluidos newtonianos e não newtonianos (viscoelásticos). Fazendo o uso do esquema TDPUS-C3, a precisão global dos métodos numéricos é verificada acessando o erro em problemas teste (benchmark) 1D e 2D. Um estudo comparativo entre os resultados do esquema TDPUS-C3 e os esquemas upwind convencionais para leis de conservação hiperbólicas complexas é também realizado. A Associação das modelagens numéricas (upwinding mais RNG \'\\kappa - \\epsilon\') é , então, examinada na simulação de escoamentos turbulentos de fluidos newtonianos envolvendo superfícies livres móveis, usando a metodologia URANS. No geral, em termos do comportamento global, concordância satisfatória é observada / In this thesis, a new high-resolution upwind scheme (named TDPUS-C3) for reconstruction of numerical fluxes for nonlinear conservation laws and related CFD problems in presented. The scheme is based on CBC and TVD stability criteria and developed by employing differentiability condictions (\'C POT. 3\'). In additon, the implementation of an association of the TDPUS-C3 scheme with the RNG \'\\kappa - \\epsilon\' turbulence modelling is also performed. The purpose is to obtain numerical solutions of systems of hyperbolic conservation laws for gas dynamics and Navier-Stokes equations for incompressible flow of Newtonian and non-Newtonian (viscoelstic) fluids. By using the TDPUS-C3 scheme, the global accuracy of the numerical methods is verified by assessing the error on 1D and 2D benchmark test cases. A comparative study between the TDPUS-C3 scheme and convectional upwind schemes to solve standard and complex hyperbolic conservation laws is also accomplished. The association of the numerical modelling (upwinding plus RNG \'\\kappa - epsilon\') is then examined in the simulation of turbulent Newtonian fluid flows involving moving free surfaces, by using URANS methodology. Overall, satisfactory agreement is found in terms of the overall behaviour

Este trabalho estuda o fenômeno de evaporação rápida em jatos de líquidos superaquecidos ou metaestáveis numa região 2D. O fenômeno se inicia, neste caso, quando um jato na fase líquida a alta temperatura e pressão, emerge de um diminuto bocal projetando-se numa câmara de baixa pressão, inferior à pressão de saturação. Durante a evolução do processo, ao cruzar-se a curva de saturação, se observa que o fluido ainda permanece no estado de líquido superaquecido. Então, subitamente o líquido superaquecido muda de fase por meio de uma onda de evaporação oblíqua. Esta mudança de fase transforma o líquido superaquecido numa mistura bifásica com alta velocidade distribuída em várias direções e que se expande com velocidades supersônicas cada vez maiores, até atingir a pressão a jusante, e atravessando antes uma onda de choque. As equações que governam o fenômeno são as equações de conservação da massa, conservação da quantidade de movimento, e conservação da energia, incluindo uma equação de estado precisa. Devido ao fenômeno em estudo estar em regime permanente, um método de diferenças finitas com modelo estacionário e esquema de MacCormack é aplicado. Tendo em vista que este modelo não captura a onda de choque diretamente, um segundo modelo de falso transiente com o esquema de \"shock-capturing\": \"Dispersion-Controlled Dissipative\" (DCD) é desenvolvido e aplicado até atingir o regime permanente. Resultados numéricos com o código ShoWPhasT-2D v2 e testes experimentais foram comparados e os resultados numéricos com código DCD-2D v1 foram analisados. / This study analyses the rapid evaporation of superheated or metastable liquid jets in a two-dimensional region. The phenomenon is triggered, in this case, when a jet in its liquid phase at high temperature and pressure, emerges from a small aperture nozzle and expands into a low pressure chamber, below saturation pressure. During the evolution of the process, after crossing the saturation curve, one observes that the fluid remains in a superheated liquid state. Then, suddenly the superheated liquid changes phase by means of an oblique evaporation wave. This phase change transforms the liquid into a biphasic mixture at high velocity pointing toward different directions, with increasing supersonic velocity as an expansion process takes place to the chamber back pressure, after going through a compression shock wave. The equations which govern this phenomenon are: the equations of conservation of mass, momentum and energy and an equation of state. Due to its steady state process, the numerical simulation is by means of a finite difference method using the McCormack method of Discretization. As this method does not capture shock waves, a second finite difference method is used to reach this task, the method uses the transient equations version of the conservation laws, applying the Dispersion-Controlled Dissipative (DCD) scheme. Numerical results using the code ShoWPhasT-2D v2 and experimental data have been compared, and the numerical results from the DCD-2D v1 have been analysed.

Três esquemas de captura de descontinuidade são apresentados para simular hiperbólicos de leis de conservação e equações de Navier-Stokes incompressíveis, a saber: FDHERPUS (Five Degree Hermite Upwind Scheme); RUS (Rational Upwind Scheme); e CSPUS (Cubic Spline Polynomial Upwind Scheme). Esses esquemas são baseados nos critérios de estabilidade CBC e TVD e implementados nos contextos das metodologias diferenças finitas e volumes finitos. A precisão local dos esquemas é verificada acessando o erro e a taxa de convergência em problemas testes de referência. Um estudo comparativo entre os esquemas estudados (incluido o WENO5) e o esquema bem estabelecido de van Albada, para resolver leis de conservação lineares e não lineares, é também realizado. O esquema de convecção que fornece melhores resultados em leis de conservação hiperbólicas é então examinado na simulação de escoamentos de fluidos newtonianos com superfícies livres móveis de complexidade crescente; resultados satisfatórios têm sido observados em termos do comportamento global / Three shock capturing schemes for numerical solution of hyperbolic conservation laws and incompressible Navier-Stokes equations are presented, namely: FDHERPUS (Five Degree Hermite Polynomial Upwind Scheme); RUS (Rational Upwind Scheme); and CSPUS ( Cubic Spline Polynomial Upwind Scheme). These schemes are based on CBC and TVD stability criteria and implemented in the context of finite volume methodologies. The local observed accuracy of the schemes is verified by assessing the error and convergence rate on benchmark test cases. A comparative study between the schemes (including WENO5) and the well established van. Albada scheme to solve standard linear and nonlinear hyperbolic conservation laws is also accomplished. The scheme that has provided better results in hyperbolic conservation laws is then examined in the simulation of Newtonian moving free surface flows of increasing complexity, satisfactory agreement has been observed in terms of the overall behavior

Neste trabalho apresenta-se um novo esquema prático tipo upwind de alta resolução, denominado EPUS (Eight-degree Polynomial Upwind Scheme), para resolver numericamente equações de conservação TVD e é implementado no contexto do método das diferenças finitas. O desempenho do esquema é investigado na resolução de sistemas hiperbólicos de leis de conservação e escoamentos incompressíveis complexos com superfícies livres. Os resultados numéricos mostraram boa concordãncia com outros resultados numéricos e dados experimentais existentes / Is this work a new practical high resolution upwinding scheme, called EPUS (Eight-degree Polynomial Upwind Scheme), for the numerical solution of transient convection-dominated conservation equations is present. The scheme is based on TVD stability criterion and is implemented in the context of the finite difference methodology. The performance of the scheme is investigated by solving hyperbolic systems of conservation laws and complex incompressible flows with free surfaces. The numerical results displayed good agreement with other existing numerical and experimental data

Cette thèse porte sur l’étude des systèmes de lois de conservation couplés par une interface mobile. Un modèle dynamique d’un procédé d’extrusion obtenu à partir des bilans de masse, de taux d’humidité et d’énergie est proposé. Ce modèle exprime le transport de la matière et de la chaleur dans une extrudeuse par des systèmes d’équations hyperboliques définis sur deux domaines complémentaires variant dans le temps. L’évolution des domaines est dictée par une Equation aux Dérivées Ordinaires (EDO) issue du bilan de masse total dans une extrudeuse. Par le principe des applications contractantes l’existence et l’unicité de la solution pour cette classe de système sont prouvées. Le problème de stabilisation de l’interface mobile est aussi abordé en utilisation le formalisme des systèmes à retard. La méthode des caractéristiques permet de représenter le système composé des équations issues du bilan de masse par un système à retard sur l’entrée. Au moyen d’un contrôleur prédictif la position de l’interface est stabilisée autour d’un point équilibre. La dernière partie de ce travail est dédiée à l’étude des systèmes Hamiltoniens à ports frontière couplés par une interface mobile. Ces systèmes augmentés de variables couleur qui sont des fonctions caractéristiques du domaine peuvent s’exprimer comme des systèmes Hamiltoniens à ports frontière / This thesis is devoted to the analysis of Partial Differential Equations (PDEs) which are coupled through a moving interface. The motion of the interface obeys to an Ordinary Differential Equation (ODE) which arises from a conservation law. The first part of this thesis concerns the modelling of an extrusion process based on mass, moisture content and energy balances. These balances laws express heat and homogeneous material transport in an extruder by hyperbolic PDEs which are defined in complementary time-varying domains. The evolution of the coupled domains is given by an ODE which is derived from the conservation of mass in an extruder. In the second part of the manuscript, a mathematical analysis has been performed in order to prove the existence and the uniqueness of solution for such class of systems by mean of contraction mapping principle. The third part of the thesis concerns the transformation of an extrusion process mass balance equations into a particular input delay system framework using characteristics method. Then, the stabilization of the moving interface by a predictor-based controller has been proposed. Finally, an extension of the analysis of moving interface problems to a particular class of systems of conservations laws has been developed. Port-Hamiltonian formulation of systems of two conservation laws defined on two complementary time-varying intervals has been studied. It has been shown that the coupled system is a port-Hamiltonian system augmented with two variables being the characteristic functions of the two spatial domains

Esta dissertação trata da solução numérica de problemas em dinâmica dos fluidos usando dois novos esquemas upwind de alta resolução, denominados FDPUS-C1 (Five-Degree Polynomial Upwind Scheme of \' C POT. 1\' Class) e SDPUS-C1 (Six-Degree Polynomial Upwind Scheme of \'C POT.1\' Class), para a discretização de termos convectivos lineares e não-lineares. Os esquemas são baseados nos critérios de estabilidade TVD (Total Variation Diminishing) e CBC (Convection Boundedness Criterion) e são implementados, nos contextos das metodologias de diferenças finitas e volumes finitos, no ambiente de simulação Freeflow (an integrated simulation system for Free surface Flow) para escoamentos imcompressíveis 2D, 2D-1/2 e 3D, ou no código bem conhecido CLAWPACK ( Conservation LAW PACKage) para problemaw compressíveis 1D e 2D. Vários testes computacionais são feitos com o objetivo de verificar e validar os métodos numéricos contra esquemas upwind populares. Os novos esqumas são então aplicados na resolução de uma gama ampla de problemas em CFD (Computational Fluids Dynamics), tais como propagação de ondas de choque e escoamentos incompressíveis envolvendo superfícies livres móveis. Em particular, os resultados numéricos para leis de conservação hiperbólicas 2D e equações de Navier-Stokes incompressíveis 2D, 2D-1/2 e 3D demosntram que esses novos esquemas convectivos tipo upwind polinomiais funcionam muito bem / This dissertation deals with the numerical solution of fluid dynamics problems using two new high resolution upwind schemes,. namely FDPUS-C1 and SDPUS-C1, for the discretization of the linear and non-linear convection terms. The Schemes are based on TVD and DBC stability criteria and are implemented in the context of the finite difference and finite volume methodologies, either into the Freeflow code for 2D, 2D-1/2 and 3D incompressible flows or in the well-known CLAWPACK code for 1D and 2D compressible flows. Several computational tests are performed to verify and validate the numerical methods against other popularly used upwind schemes. The new schemes are then applied to solve a wide range of problems in CFD, such as shock wave propagation and incompressible fluid flows involving moving free msurfaces. In particular, the numerical results for 2D hyperbolic conservation laws and 2D, 2D-1/2 and 3D incompressible Navier-Stokes eqautions show that new polynomial upwind convection schemes perform very well

Submitted by Johnny Rodrigues (johnnyrodrigues@ufcg.edu.br) on 2018-08-11T13:32:15Z No. of bitstreams: 1 ERIVALDO DINIZ DE LIMA - DISSERTAÇÃO PPGMAT 2015..pdf: 2368610 bytes, checksum: 3db3b8e45efcb83c955dae60371f8f4b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-11T13:32:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ERIVALDO DINIZ DE LIMA - DISSERTAÇÃO PPGMAT 2015..pdf: 2368610 bytes, checksum: 3db3b8e45efcb83c955dae60371f8f4b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-08 / Neste trabalho consideramos um sistema de leis de conservação proveniente da modelagem matemática de um escoamento bifásico unidimensional num meio poroso, preenchido de óleo e água com polímero dissolvido nela e levando em conta a adsorção de parte do polímero pela rocha. Usando a técnica das curvas de onda apresentamos a construção detalhada da solução do problema de Riemann para dados iniciais arbitrários no espaço de estados. Usamos a condição de entropia do per l viscoso para as ondas de choque com salto na concentração do polímero e a condição de Oleinik-Liu para os choques com concentração constante do polímero e salto na saturação da água / In this work we consider a system of conservation laws from the mathematical modeling of a one-dimensional two-phase flow in porous media, filled with oil and water with dissolved polymer in it and taking into account the adsorption of part of the polymer by the rock. Using the wave curves technique, we present a detailed construction of the Riemann problem solution for arbitrary initial data on the state space. We use the entropy condition of the viscous pro le for the shock waves with jumps in the polymer concentration and Oleynik-Liu condition for the shocks with constant concentration of polymer and jumps on the water saturation.

The hyperbolic conservation laws model the phenomena of nonlinear waves including discontinuities. The coupled nonlinear equations representing such conservation laws may lead to discontinuous solutions even for smooth initial data. To solve such equations, developing numerical methods which are accurate, robust, and resolve all the wave structures appearing in the solutions is a challenging task. Among several discretization techniques developed for solving hyperbolic conservation laws numerically, Finite Volume Method (FVM) is the most popular. Numerical algorithms, in the framework of FVM, are broadly classified as upwind and central discretization methods. Upwind methods mimic the features of hyperbolic conservation laws very well. However, most of the popular upwind schemes are known to suffer from the shock instabilities. Many upwind methods are heavily dependent on eigen-structure, therefore methods developed for one system of conservation laws are not straightforwardly extended to other systems. On the contrary, central discretization methods are simple, independent of eigen-structure, and therefore, are easily extended to other systems. In the first part of the thesis, a hybrid central discretization method is introduced for Euler equations of gas dynamics. This hybrid scheme is then extended to other hyperbolic conservation laws namely, shallow water equations of oceanography and ideal magnetohydrodynamics equations. The baseline solver for the new hybrid scheme, Method of Optimal Viscosity for Enhanced Resolution of Shocks (MOVERS), is an accurate scheme capable of capturing grid aligned steady discontinuities exactly. This central scheme is free from complicated Riemann solvers and therefore is easy to implement. This low diffusive algorithm produces sonic glitches at the expansion regions involving sonic points and is prone to shock instabilities. Therefore it requires an entropy fix to avoid these problems. With the use of entropy fix the exact discontinuity capturing property of the scheme is lost, although sonic glitches and shock instabilities are avoided. The motivation for this work is to develop a numerical method which exactly preserves the steady contacts, is accurate, free of multi-dimensional shock instabilities and yet avoids the entropy fix. This is achieved by constructing a coefficient of numerical diffusion based on pressure gradient sensor. The pressure gradients are known to detect shocks and they vanish across contact discontinuities. This property of pressure sensor is utilized in constructing the coefficient of numerical diffusion. In addition to the numerical diffusion of the baseline solver, a numerical diffusion based on the pressure sensor, scaled by the maximum of eigen-spectrum, is used to avoid shock instabilities. At contact discontinuities, pressure gradients vanish and coefficient of numerical diffusion of MOVERS is automatically retained to capture steady contact discontinuities exactly. This simple hybrid central solver is accurate, captures steady contact discontinuities exactly and is free of multi-dimensional shock instabilities. This novel method is extended to shallow water and ideal magnetohydrodynamics equations in a similar way. In the second part of the thesis, an entropy stable central discretization method for hyperbolic conservation laws is introduced. In a quest for optimal numerical viscosity, development of entropy stable schemes gained importance in recent times. In this work, the entropy conservation equation is used as a guideline to fix the coefficient of numerical diffusion for smooth regions of the flow. At the large gradients, coefficient of numerical diffusion of baseline solver is used. Switch over between smooth and large gradients of the flow is done using limiter functions which are known to distinguish between smooth and high gradient regions of the flow. This simple and stable central scheme termed MOVERS-LE captures grid aligned steady discontinuities exactly and is free of shock instabilities in multi-dimensions. Both the above algorithms are tested on various well established benchmark test problems.