Bakgrund: Under flera årtionden har företag arbetat med kvalitetsledning i syfte till att förbättra och utveckla sina verksamheter. Metoder och verktyg har fungerat som stöd för att möta företagets värderingar och möta de interna och externa kundernas behov med minskad mängd resurser. Nyligen utförda projekt har kunnat bekräfta att jämställdhetsintegrering fungerar som en effektiv metod vid förbättrings- och utvecklingsarbete. Metoden påstås ha positiv inverkan på företags prestanda genom bland annat förbättrad arbetsmiljö, förhöjd kreativ och innovativ förmåga hos medarbetare samt ökad förmåga att attrahera välutbildad personal. Förutom detta anses jämställdhetsintegrering även bidra till social hållbarhet och uppfylla FN:s globala mål snabbare, vilket i sin tur leder till hållbar utveckling. Syfte: Syftet med den här studien har varit att undersöka hur jämställdhetsintegrering och kvalitetsledning samverkar, samt hur jämställdhetsintegrering kan bidra till förbättring av byggprojekt. Metod: Studien har genomförts enligt fördjupad fallstudie på Skanska Fastigheter Göteborg. För att förstå fallföretagets problem och nuvarande situation utfördes kvalitativ metod med kvantitativ inslag. Studiens kvalitativ data syftade till att skapa grundlig förståelse av ämnesområdet och fallföretagets, medan inslag av kvalitativ data motsvarade statistik från fallföretaget och byggbranschen. Som analysmetod av studiens primära datainsamling utfördes en Tematisk analys och Voice Of The Customer Table (VOCT). Resultat: I studiens teoretiska referensram identifierades flera likheter mellan kvalitetsledning och jämställdhetsintegrering, där jämställdhetsintegrering ansågs betraktas som en metod för ständiga förbättringar. Efter undersökning av Skanskas nuvarande arbetssätt framgick det att det inte finns någon koppling mellan företagets kvalitetsarbete och jämställdhetsarbete. Det medför att jämställdhetsintegrering i projektet Götakvarteren kan innebära större förändring då nya tankegångar och arbetssätt måste upprättas. Däremot indikerade analysen av medarbetarnas behov att jämställda byggprojekt är fördelaktigt för företagets hållbara utveckling. Efter analysen kunde även åtgärder och rekommendationer tas fram på hur projektet Götakvarteren kan bli mer framgångsrikt och jämställt. Slutsats: Det finns en tydlig koppling mellan jämställdhetsintegrering och kvalitetsledning, där jämställdhetsintegrering kan argumenteras för att vara en kvalitetsmetod. Just som Skanskas nuvarande kvalitetsarbete bör jämställdhetsarbetet vara integrerat i den dagliga verksamheten och accepteras som en metod för ständiga förbättringar. Utifrån Skanskas nuvarande situation togs åtgärder fram på hur jämställdhetsintegrering kan bidra till kvalitetsarbete och skapa framgångsrika och jämställda byggprojekt. / Background: Over decades, companies have been integrating quality management to constantly improve and develop their businesses. Techniques and tools have been used as support to meet the company’s values, and to increase external and internal customer satisfaction with a reduce amount of resources. Recent projects have demonstrated that gender mainstreaming works as an effective approach for business improvement and development. The method is claimed to have a positive impact on the company’s business performance, for instance by improved working environment, increased creative and innovative capacity of employees and an increased ability to attract well-trained staff. In addition, it is considered that gender mainstreaming contributes to social sustainability and the achievement of the UN’s global goals faster, which in turn leads to sustainable development. Purpose: The purpose of this study has been to investigate how gender mainstreaming and quality management interact, and how gender mainstreaming can contribute to the improvement of construction projects. Methodology: The study has been carried out as an in-depth case study at Skanska Commercial Development Nordic in Gothenburg. In order to understand the business case, its problem and current situation, a qualitative methodology with quantitative data was made. The qualitative data was used to obtain a deeper understanding of the case, and the quantitative data consisted of statistics from the company and the construction industry. As method of analysis, a Thematic analysis and Voice Of The Customer Table (VOCT) was done to understand the needs of the employees at Skanska. Result: In the study’s theoretical framework, several similarities between gender mainstreaming and quality management were identified, in which gender mainstreaming could be seen as a technique within quality management. From the study of Skanska’s way of working, it emerged that there is no link between their work with quality and gender equality. That entails gender mainstreaming in the project Götakvarteren will involve major changes as new ideas and methods must be established. On the other hand, the analysis indicated that the employees need of an equal construction project would be beneficial for the company’s sustainable development. Based on the needs of the employees, recommendations have been given for how Götakvarteren could become profitable by becoming Skanska’s most equal project. Conclusion: There is a distinct link between gender mainstreaming and quality management, in which gender mainstreaming can be argued to be a technique within quality management. Just as Skanska’s current quality management system, the work with gender equality should be integrated in the daily activities and accepted as a method for continuous improvement. After identifying the company’s challenges, opportunities and needs, actions have been developed for how gender mainstreaming can contribute to successful and equal construction projects.

Le management des risques de projet est une préoccupation croissante dans le domaine de la construction. Il ne se limite pas seulement à l’analyse des risques techniques, mais couvre aussi les risques financiers, économiques, organisationnels, réglementaire, contractuel, et d’autres types de risques cruciaux pour des projets de construction complexes et stratégiques. Le management des risques nécessite l’identification, l’analyse, le suivi des risques et des opportunités pendant tout le cycle de vie du projet. Le processus formalisé et systémique de management des risques pour des projets de construction complexes et stratégiques permet d’identifier et d’analyser les risques attachés d’une part à la décomposition chronologique du projet (phases, sous-phases, tâches), à la décomposition organisationnelle du projet (aux acteurs projet), aux ressources, aux contrats, aux facteurs externes et d’autre part aux relations entre ces éléments. Le processus formalisé et systémique s’adapte au caractère dynamique et évolutif du projet, au type de contrat et au type de projet, au niveau de détail souhaité et à la vision de l’acteur qui fait le management des risques. L’ensemble de la démarche est fortement nourri de l’expérience tirée de projets réels au sein de l’entreprise partenaire. Un outil de gestion des risques est mis en place pour mettre en pratique la démarche théorique et pour tester la méthodologie proposée sur plusieurs études de cas des projets Partenariat Public Privé (PPP) et Conception-Construction-Maintenance. / Project risk management is a growing concern in the field of construction. It is not limited to technical risks, but also covers financial risks, economic, organizational or contractual and any type of risks crucial for complex and strategic construction projects. Risk management process involves the identification, analysis, monitoring of risks and opportunities throughout the project life cycle. The formalized and systematic risk management process first identifies and analyzes the risks associated with the chronological decomposition of the project (phases, sub-phases, tasks), with the organizational structure of the project (project actors), with resources, contracts, external factors and material or immaterial flows between these elements. The formalized and systematic approach adapts to the dynamic and evolving nature of the project, to the type of contract and the type of project, to the level of detail and the vision of the stakeholder who manages risks. The whole process is highly fed by real projects study cases. A tool for risk management is developed to put into practice the theoretical approach and to test the process in the case studies of Public Private Partnership (PPP) and Design-Build-Maintenance projects.

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Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T20:09:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 3899.pdf: 2374077 bytes, checksum: 5ad8854c18b41047d9cacfb29072c324 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-08-11 / The delay in the conclusion of the public construction projects, that are frequently paralyzed, as well as the foreseen cost rise, may highlight the existence of recurrent technical, financial, political, administrative or judicial problems, which were originated even before hiring a firm. Therefore, this paper aims to analyze how the bidding and engineering work contracts refereeing legislation, within the Powers of Union, of States and Municipal district, contributes so that the solutions taken from designs do not get fully attended during the process of public construction ventures. Such a purpose, which initially required additional knowledge on public construction projects and design process, which was achieved with the execution of the literature review and the case studies, that in turn involved three public contracting companies and three contracted firms, as a way to get different perceptions of the same process. The evidence obtained from the contract bidding analysis, properly validated with answers from series of questions applied to contracting party and contracted, along with the literature review provided the conclusion of this work, as well as the creation of a proposal that aims to reduce the problems related to the accomplishment of the solutions taken from designs of public construction projects. / O atraso na conclusão de empreendimentos públicos de construção, freqüentemente paralisados, bem como a elevação dos custos inicialmente previstos, pode evidenciar a existência de problemas recorrentes de natureza técnica, financeira, política, administrativa ou jurídica originados mesmo antes das contratações. Nesse sentido, este trabalho tem por objetivo analisar como a legislação referente às licitações e contratos de obras e serviços de engenharia, no âmbito dos Poderes da União, dos Estados e dos Municípios, contribui para que soluções adotadas em projeto não sejam plenamente atendidas no processo de produção de empreendimentos públicos de construção (EPCs). Tal propósito, que inicialmente requereu conhecimentos adicionais sobre os empreendimentos públicos de construção e sobre o processo de projeto, foi alcançado com a realização da revisão bibliográfica e dos estudos de caso, que por sua vez envolveram, como forma de obter percepções diferentes de um mesmo processo, três entidades contratantes de EPCs e três empresas contratadas para tais obras e serviços. As evidências obtidas da análise de editais de licitações dos contratantes, devidamente validadas pelas respostas de questionários aplicados aos contratantes e contratados, juntamente com a revisão bibliográfica proporcionaram a conclusão deste trabalho e a elaboração de uma proposta que visa reduzir os problemas relacionados ao atendimento das soluções de projeto no processo de produção de EPCs.

Orientadores: Ariovaldo Denis Granja, Núbia Bernardi / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Agrícola / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-17T23:33:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ruiz_JoycedeAndrade_M.pdf: 5293185 bytes, checksum: a8da6d2436860055c75eb52e1292b8a0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / Resumo: Proposta: A Engenharia de Valor (EV) é uma abordagem sistemática que busca o melhor balanço funcional entre custo, confiabilidade e desempenho de um produto. Ela concentra os esforços na análise das funções, gerações de ideias e busca por alternativas de forma a proporcionar reduções de custos e garantia da entrega do valor, funcionalidade e qualidade desejados para o produto. A EV insere-se na abordagem proativa do custeio-meta uma vez que busca sua operacionalização para alcance do custo-meta, durante o processo de desenvolvimento de produto (PDP), especialmente nas fases de concepção e de projeto. Um programa característico de EV utiliza além de ferramentas, como a Análise de Função e do diagrama FAST, o instrumento do plano de trabalho que visa organizar e orientar as etapas do estudo com foco nos resultados. De uma forma geral, um plano de trabalho de EV contempla as etapas preparatória, informativa, analítica, criativa, avaliativa, de escolha, implementação, apresentação e acompanhamento. Com base no exposto a presente pesquisa traz a proposição de uma sequência para aplicação da EV em produtos de edificações da construção civil. Método de pesquisa/Abordagens: O método de pesquisa utilizado foi a simulação de aplicações em estudos de casos específicos da construção civil. Foram realizadas duas simulações, a primeira num caso chamado de "piloto", que analisou a construção de um banheiro acessível com dois objetivos em sua execução, o de validar a sequência proposta e o de gerar reduções de custos com garantia da entrega de valor aos clientes e usuários. A segunda num caso chamado de "principal" que focou na análise de um Empreendimento Habitacional de Interesse Social (EHIS), com o objetivo de viabilizar oportunidades de intervenção no projeto sugeridas por pesquisas anteriores no mesmo EHIS. Resultados: O resultado da pesquisa consiste na proposição de uma sequência para aplicação da EV em produtos da construção civil. Para isso foi elaborado o fluxo lógico do processo a ser seguido que contém os principais elementos da EV como o plano de trabalho e as ferramentas para exercício das funções de cada produto. Contribuições/Originalidade: A pesquisa contribui com a iniciativa de trabalhar as funções de produtos de edificações da construção civil para proporcionar a análise das mesmas relacionadas aos atributos de valor dentro do contexto em que está inserido. Com isso, foi possível gerar reduções de custos sem prejudicar a entrega de valor, até mesmo majorando-a com a incorporação de novos itens nos produtos, custeados pelas economias obtidas anteriormente / Abstract: The Value Engineering (VE) is a systematic approach that aims the best functional balance between cost, reliability and performance of a product. The VE's study concentrate efforts on the function analysis, generation of ideas and search for alternatives with the objective to provide cost reductions and to ensure the value delivery, functionality and quality desired for the product in study. The EV is part of the proactive approach of target costing being the operational tool that provides the achievement of the target cost at a product development process (PDP), especially in the design and project phases. A typical EV application program contains the required tools such as Function Analysis and FAST diagram, among other, and the instrument of the work plan that aims to organize and guide the steps of the study to guarantee the focus on the results. A general work plan includes the follow steps: preparatory, informative, analytical, creative, evaluative, choice / decision, implementation, monitoring and presentation. The present research brings to propose a sequence for VE implementation in construction products. The research method used was the strategy of case study. Were performed two case studies, the first named as "pilot study", to examine the construction of a handicap bathroom with two goals in its execution, to validate the proposed sequence for VE application and to generate cost savings with the guarantee of delivering value to customers and users. The second case study, named "principal study", focused on the analysis of a social housing enterprise (EHIS), in which the sequence proposed was applied in order to feasible the opportunities for intervention in the project design suggested by a previous research in the same enterprise. The mainly research result consists in the proposal of a sequence with guidelines for VE implementation in construction products. To provide it was developed a logical flow of the process to be followed which contains the main elements of the EV as the work plan and the tools to analyze the functions. This research contributes to the initiative of working the functions of construction products providing a cross analysis related to the attributes of value within the context in which it is inserted. Based on the case studies with the application of the proposed sequence was possible to generate cost reductions without jeopardize the delivery of value, even subsequently adding it to the incorporation of new items in the products, funded by the saves obtained before / Mestrado / Arquitetura e Construção / Mestre em Engenharia Civil

Many construction projects in the United States are facing the risk of cost overrun and schedule delays. This is also happening here in the State of Louisiana. When these things happen, it causes cost overrun which can then be passed on to the tax payers and may also cause the state to take on less projects than they normal. Many researchers have studied the reasons behind both the cost overrun and the delays resulting in private firms, developing project management tools and best practices to prevent this risk. In this research, I aim to study the historical trend in 2912 publically funded projects in the State of Louisiana. The study will reveal the overall state level of accuracy of forecasting cost and schedule. A forecasting formula based on those historical projects will be developed to assist estimators at the Parish level in predicting cost and schedule performance. The State of Louisiana has so many projects that deal with the transportation system (roadway, bridges, drainage, traffic sign, traffic signal, lighting etc...) My Dissertation will be a study and analysis of time and cost of the projects in LADOTD, whether the projects finish on time, before time or after time as well as the cost of the project that has been completed overrun or underrun or the exact amount that the bid amount was. With this study and analysis, my intention is to create time schedule and cost to be used to on reaching accuracy on finishing the project on time and the exact bid amount of the project (exclude whether condition, extra work, and some unexpected problems that may arise during the length of the project).

This thesis analyzes the project management of large construction projects (over 1 billion CZK) in the Czech Republic from the perspective of a private investor of profit sector, taking into account the potential impact of foreign capital in the project management. Theoretical and methodological part is focused on identifying specific project management of large construction project, on the basis of english-speaking - mainly British professional literature. The practical part contains a brief description of the specific project and a specific structure and contents of the Project manual of a specific large construction project, this document is the main managing document of the large construction project.

Syfte: I problembeskrivningen konstaterades att de logistikproblem som upplevs på byggprojekt ofta är kopplade till glappet mellan projekterings- och produktionsfasen. Problemen är även kopplade till brist på informationsutbyte, projektförståelse och långvariga relationer samt attityd till samarbeten och skilda tolkningar. Syftet är att undersöka hur informations- och materialflödena hanteras på anläggningsprojekt samt vad som kan göras för att optimera försörjningskedjan och därmed främja logistiken.  Metod: Undersökningens huvudsakliga angreppssätt är en kvalitativ studie. Kvalitativa data, i form av primärdata, samlas in genom en intervjustudie. För att få en teoretisk bakgrundsförståelse samlas sekundärdata in genom att studera tidigare litteratur inom ämnet. Detta ligger till grund för att uppnå det formulerade målet för undersökningen.  Resultat: Studien konstaterar att ett gränsöverskridande samarbete och ett helhetsperspektiv behövs för att gynna försörjningskedjan och logistikarbetet på ett anläggningsprojekt. Om aktörer i de olika faserna involveras i varandras arbete skapas bättre förutsättningar för att hantera informations- och materialflödena och därmed främja logistiken på projektet. Resultatet bidrar till ökad inblick i hur flödena hanteras idag samt vilka begränsningar och förbättringsmöjligheter som finns. Detta ger en indikation på varför anläggningsbranschen inte har nått samma framgångar kring förbättring av försörjningskedjan som andra företag.  Konsekvenser: För att möta den utmaning som finns i anläggningsbranschen med avseende på logistiken krävs följande:  Att informations- och materialflödet hanteras på ett strukturerat sätt. Att skapa långvariga relationer, använda digitala verktyg i större omfattning och att entreprenörerna gör integrerade inköp. Att aktörer inom de olika faserna integreras i varandras arbete, ha en samordningsansvarig inom projektet och använda sig utav logistikcentra.  Begränsningar: Studien avgränsades till att fokusera på aktörer som i regel inte har en direkt inverkan på logistikarbetet. I efterhand görs bedömningen att det varit till rapportens fördel att intervjua fler aktörer som kan påverka logistiken. Detta för att få en bredare bild av den syn som finns i projekterings- och planeringsfasen samt byggfasen. Trots att studien visar på olika aktörers perspektiv av situationen uppnås inte en rättvis bild och ett mer balanserat urval av respondenter hade behövts. Det är viktigt att nämna att studien inte fokuserar på att undersöka hur förbättringarna kan genomföras.  Nyckelord: Logistik, Supply Chain Management, ramverk för Supply Chain Planning, anläggningsprojekt, informations- och materialflöden. / Purpose: In the introduction it was concluded that the experienced logistical difficulties on a construction site often were related to multiple reasons. Examples of these are the disconnection between the design and production phase, lack of information exchange, project understanding and relationships as well as attitude towards cooperation and the various interpretations. The aim of this study is to investigate how information and material flows are managed within construction projects as well as finding options to optimize the supply chain and in turn promote the logistics.  Method: For the methodological approach of the study, a qualitative method is used. Qualitative data, in form of primary data, is collected through an interview study. To build an understanding of the theoretical background, secondary data is gathered by studying former literature research findings. This is the basis for achieving the goal of the study.  Findings: The result of the study shows that a cooperation between disciplines and a holistic approach is needed to promote the supply chain and logistics within a construction project. When disciplines in the various phases are involved in each other’s work, conditions are being created for managing the information and material flows and in turn improving the logistics. The result contributes to insight as to how the flows are managed today as well as the experienced limitations and improvements. This gives an indication of why the construction industry has not achieved the same success in enhancement of the supply chain as other industries.  Implications: This is what is needed to meet the challenge of improving the logistics in the construction industry:  Information and material flows need to be handled in a structured manner.  Creation of long-term relationships, increased usage of IT-tools and integrating purchases within contractors.  Disciplines within the various phases need to be integrated in each other’s work, having someone who coordinates the responsibilities within the project and utilization of logistics centers.  Limitations: Initially, the study was limited to only focusing on disciplines who generally do not have a direct impact on the logistics. In hindsight, it is considered that the study would benefit from interviewing more disciplines who can affect the logistics. This would provide a broader view of the aforementioned phases’ perspective. Although the study indicates different disciplines’ standpoint of the situation, a fair result is not fulfilled as a more equal selection of interviewees would be needed. It is important to note that the study does not focus on investigating how the improvements can be implemented.  Keywords: Logistics, Supply Chain Management, framework for Supply Chain Planning, construction projects, information and material flow.

Svenska kraftnät is the transmission system operator in Sweden, their responsibilities include renewing and expanding the existing transmission system to keep up with the rising demand for electricity. The ongoing climate crisis demands the process of expanding the transmission system to be as sustainable as possible. One way to do this is to use CEEQUAL, a point based, third party sustainability assessment tool for construction projects. The aim of this project is to estimate what CEEQUAL score the projects of Svenska kraftnät could achieve based on their current sustainability work. The aim also includes to determine what actions needs to be taken to improve that score, together with a cost analysis and interviews of the experiences from other CEEQUAL users.  By studying the sustainability work of Svenska kraftnät and translating this to CEEQUALs credits, a calculation of the current level of sustainability was determined as 44 percent. This equals the CEEQUAL level Pass. Further investigation revealed that to improve to the level Good, there needs to be more clear goals for a project sustainability and a business model for a circular economy among other things. For a higher score, reaching the level Very Good, there needs to be a life cycle analysis for new construction projects and better CO2-emission calculations.  A cost analysis revealed that it is hard to determine the cost of using CEEQUAL beforehand due to unforeseeable costs. Interviewing external users of CEEQUAL shows that using CEEQUAL is beneficial to improve the sustainability of a project and creates a common goal for the team members. A downside to using CEEQUAL is the administrative work it demands as well as the bureaucracy.  All in all, using CEEQUAL in all Svenska kraftnäts construction project could not be seen as beneficial. It would be beneficial to create a decision report tool for projects that help teams make sustainable choices for the projects. This would preferably be done together with distribution system operators in Sweden and transmission system operators in neighboring countries for a tool adapted to their operations and aspirations.

Supply chain operations of construction industry including road projects in disaster regions results in exceeding project budget and timelines. In road construction projects, supply chain with poor performance can affect efficiency and completion time of the project. This is also the case of the road projects in disaster areas. Disaster areas consider both natural and man-made disasters. Few examples of disaster zones are; Pakistan, Afghanistan, Iraq, Sri Lanka, India, Japan, Haiti and many other countries with similar environments. The key factors affecting project performance and execution are insecurity, uncertainties in demand and supply, poor communication and technology, poor infrastructure, lack of political and government will, unmotivated organizational staff, restricted accessibility to construction materials, legal hitches, multiple challenges of hiring labour force and exponential construction rates due to high risk environment along with multiple other factors. The managers at all tiers are facing challenges of overrunning time and budget of supply chain operations during planning as well as execution phase of development projects. The aim of research is to develop a Multiple Linear Regression Model (MLRM) and a Rule Based Decision Support System by incorporating various factors affecting supply chain management of road projects in disaster areas in the order of importance. This knowledge base (KB) (importance / coefficient of each factor) will assist infrastructure managers (road projects) and practitioners in disaster regions in decision making to minimize the effect of each factor which will further help them in project improvement. Conduct of Literature Review in the fields of disaster areas, supply chain operational environments of road project, statistical techniques, Artificial Intelligence (AI) and types of research approaches has provided deep insights to the researchers. An initial questionnaire was developed and distributed amongst participants as pilot project and consequently results were analysed. The results’ analysis enabled the researcher to extract key variables impacting supply chain performance of road project. The results of questionnaire analysis will facilitate development of Multiple Linear Regression Model, which will eventually be verified and validated with real data from actual environments. The development of Multiple Linear Regression Model and Rule Based Decision Support System incorporating all factors which affect supply chain performance of road projects in disastrous regions is the most vital contribution to the research. The significance and novelty of this research is the methodology developed that is the integration of those different methods which will be employed to measure the SCM performance of road projects in disaster areas.