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O trabalho desenvolvido propõe uma metodologia para coleta e análise de informações sobre o uso de materiais/componentes nos canteiros de obras. Tal metodologia envolve o levantamento de indicadores globais (envolvem todas as etapas do processo de produção: recebimento, estocagem, processamento intermediário, transporte e aplicação final) e parciais (dizem respeito a uma das etapas do processo) sobre consumos e/ou perdas de materiais/componentes. O correlacionamento de tais avaliações numéricas com as situações vigentes no canteiro, serve de subsídio quanto à geração futura de alternativas para a redução destes índices. A metodologia contempla 19 materiais; sua operacionalização é baseada num conjunto de 7 séries de planilhas contendo procedimentos específicos para a coleta de informações e cálculo dos índices. São definidas também diretrizes para a análise dos resultados. Tais instrumentos garantem a padronização da coleta, do processamento e da análise das informações e, conseqüentemente, permite a comparação entre índices levantados em obras diferentes de quaisquer partes do país. / This work proposes a meticulous methodology for data collection and analysis on materials/components consumption and waste in building construction sites. Such a methodology involves the calculation of global and partial indexes on materials/components consumption and/or waste. While the global ones represent the stages roamed by materials until their final destiny (receiving, storage, processing, transport and application) altogether, the partial ones evaluate each stage performance separately. The correlation of these numeric evaluations with the effective work conditions in the construction sites, may provide important figures to help detecting alternatives for the reduction of materials waste. The methodology contemplates 19 materials; its operation is based on a group of seven sheets series contending specific procedures for the information collection and indexes calculation. It also defines guidelines for the results analysis. Such instruments warrant the standardization of the collection, processing, analysis of the information and, consequently, it allows the comparison among indexes representing different construction sites, located in any part of the country.

Devido à industrialização e à modernização dos sistemas construtivos, a busca por produtividade e otimização de prazos nos canteiros de obras está cada dia mais presente no setor da construção civil. A argamassa autonivelante para contrapiso, também conhecida como revestimento contínuo, é um material já conhecido em muitos países da Europa, Estados Unidos e América Latina, com forte tendência de implementação no Brasil. A principal característica é sua elevada fluidez, que permite que o material se auto adense no pavimento aplicado, sob ação da gravidade e da própria capacidade de fluxo, oferecendo alta planicidade, aumentando a produtividade e o controle de qualidade do sistema. Entretanto, algumas manifestações patológicas neste material, como segregação da mistura, falta de aderência, exsudação, fissuras, dentre outras, estão sendo relatadas em obras no Brasil, por empresas e usuários do produto. O presente trabalho buscou então analisar, a partir de avaliações laboratoriais, o desempenho físico-mecânico de argamassas autonivelantes industrializadas brasileiras para contrapiso e seu comportamento em relação aos convencionais métodos de execução com argamassa dosada em obra, do tipo "farofa", frente a ensaios no estado fresco e endurecido. Para tal, foi realizado um levantamento em obras da cidade de Porto Alegre para elencar quais os traços de argamassa para contrapiso estão sendo empregados na construção civil local. Os resultados apontaram, após realização dos ensaios, que as argamassas industrializadas autonivelantes brasileiras estão oferecendo propriedades mecânicas mais satisfatórias do que as especificadas em norma, para o uso de argamassas de contrapiso do tipo "farofa" com traço 1:6 (NBR 13753, (ABNT, 1996)). Entretanto, com desempenho inferior ao que está sendo executado atualmente nas obras da cidade de Porto Alegre, com a utilização da argamassa "farofa" de traço 1:3, requerendo, ainda, algumas melhorias em suas propriedades. / Due to the industrialization and modernization of building systems, the search for productivity and time optimization at construction sites is becoming more present in the construction sector. The self-leveling mortar for subfloor, also known as continuous coating, is a material used in many countries in Europe, USA and Latin America, with strong implementation trend in Brazil. The main feature is its high fluidity, which allows the material to bind when applied under the action of gravity and its own flow capacity, providing high flatness and floor leveling, increasing productivity and quality control. However, some pathological manifestations in this material, as segregation of the mixture, lack of adhesion, bleeding, cracks, among others, are being reported in Brazil, by companies and users of this product. Based on laboratory evaluations this research seeks to analyze the physical-mechanical performance of self-levelling mortars for subfloors compared to traditional methods of mortar implementation, in the fresh and hardened state. For this, a survey was conducted in the building site of the city of Porto Alegre, to find out which mortar proportioning are being employed in the local construction industry. The results showed, after carrying out the tests, the Brazilian self-leveling industrial mortars for subfloors, are offering more satisfactory mechanical properties than those specified in Brazilian standard for the use of subfloors mortars with mix proportion 1:6 (NBR 13753 (ABNT, 1996)). However, the studied mortars presented low performance in relation with 1:3 mortar proportion, the most used in Porto Alegre construction sites, requiring improvements on their properties.

Devido à industrialização e à modernização dos sistemas construtivos, a busca por produtividade e otimização de prazos nos canteiros de obras está cada dia mais presente no setor da construção civil. A argamassa autonivelante para contrapiso, também conhecida como revestimento contínuo, é um material já conhecido em muitos países da Europa, Estados Unidos e América Latina, com forte tendência de implementação no Brasil. A principal característica é sua elevada fluidez, que permite que o material se auto adense no pavimento aplicado, sob ação da gravidade e da própria capacidade de fluxo, oferecendo alta planicidade, aumentando a produtividade e o controle de qualidade do sistema. Entretanto, algumas manifestações patológicas neste material, como segregação da mistura, falta de aderência, exsudação, fissuras, dentre outras, estão sendo relatadas em obras no Brasil, por empresas e usuários do produto. O presente trabalho buscou então analisar, a partir de avaliações laboratoriais, o desempenho físico-mecânico de argamassas autonivelantes industrializadas brasileiras para contrapiso e seu comportamento em relação aos convencionais métodos de execução com argamassa dosada em obra, do tipo "farofa", frente a ensaios no estado fresco e endurecido. Para tal, foi realizado um levantamento em obras da cidade de Porto Alegre para elencar quais os traços de argamassa para contrapiso estão sendo empregados na construção civil local. Os resultados apontaram, após realização dos ensaios, que as argamassas industrializadas autonivelantes brasileiras estão oferecendo propriedades mecânicas mais satisfatórias do que as especificadas em norma, para o uso de argamassas de contrapiso do tipo "farofa" com traço 1:6 (NBR 13753, (ABNT, 1996)). Entretanto, com desempenho inferior ao que está sendo executado atualmente nas obras da cidade de Porto Alegre, com a utilização da argamassa "farofa" de traço 1:3, requerendo, ainda, algumas melhorias em suas propriedades. / Due to the industrialization and modernization of building systems, the search for productivity and time optimization at construction sites is becoming more present in the construction sector. The self-leveling mortar for subfloor, also known as continuous coating, is a material used in many countries in Europe, USA and Latin America, with strong implementation trend in Brazil. The main feature is its high fluidity, which allows the material to bind when applied under the action of gravity and its own flow capacity, providing high flatness and floor leveling, increasing productivity and quality control. However, some pathological manifestations in this material, as segregation of the mixture, lack of adhesion, bleeding, cracks, among others, are being reported in Brazil, by companies and users of this product. Based on laboratory evaluations this research seeks to analyze the physical-mechanical performance of self-levelling mortars for subfloors compared to traditional methods of mortar implementation, in the fresh and hardened state. For this, a survey was conducted in the building site of the city of Porto Alegre, to find out which mortar proportioning are being employed in the local construction industry. The results showed, after carrying out the tests, the Brazilian self-leveling industrial mortars for subfloors, are offering more satisfactory mechanical properties than those specified in Brazilian standard for the use of subfloors mortars with mix proportion 1:6 (NBR 13753 (ABNT, 1996)). However, the studied mortars presented low performance in relation with 1:3 mortar proportion, the most used in Porto Alegre construction sites, requiring improvements on their properties.

O trabalho desenvolvido propõe uma metodologia para coleta e análise de informações sobre o uso de materiais/componentes nos canteiros de obras. Tal metodologia envolve o levantamento de indicadores globais (envolvem todas as etapas do processo de produção: recebimento, estocagem, processamento intermediário, transporte e aplicação final) e parciais (dizem respeito a uma das etapas do processo) sobre consumos e/ou perdas de materiais/componentes. O correlacionamento de tais avaliações numéricas com as situações vigentes no canteiro, serve de subsídio quanto à geração futura de alternativas para a redução destes índices. A metodologia contempla 19 materiais; sua operacionalização é baseada num conjunto de 7 séries de planilhas contendo procedimentos específicos para a coleta de informações e cálculo dos índices. São definidas também diretrizes para a análise dos resultados. Tais instrumentos garantem a padronização da coleta, do processamento e da análise das informações e, conseqüentemente, permite a comparação entre índices levantados em obras diferentes de quaisquer partes do país. / This work proposes a meticulous methodology for data collection and analysis on materials/components consumption and waste in building construction sites. Such a methodology involves the calculation of global and partial indexes on materials/components consumption and/or waste. While the global ones represent the stages roamed by materials until their final destiny (receiving, storage, processing, transport and application) altogether, the partial ones evaluate each stage performance separately. The correlation of these numeric evaluations with the effective work conditions in the construction sites, may provide important figures to help detecting alternatives for the reduction of materials waste. The methodology contemplates 19 materials; its operation is based on a group of seven sheets series contending specific procedures for the information collection and indexes calculation. It also defines guidelines for the results analysis. Such instruments warrant the standardization of the collection, processing, analysis of the information and, consequently, it allows the comparison among indexes representing different construction sites, located in any part of the country.

Devido à industrialização e à modernização dos sistemas construtivos, a busca por produtividade e otimização de prazos nos canteiros de obras está cada dia mais presente no setor da construção civil. A argamassa autonivelante para contrapiso, também conhecida como revestimento contínuo, é um material já conhecido em muitos países da Europa, Estados Unidos e América Latina, com forte tendência de implementação no Brasil. A principal característica é sua elevada fluidez, que permite que o material se auto adense no pavimento aplicado, sob ação da gravidade e da própria capacidade de fluxo, oferecendo alta planicidade, aumentando a produtividade e o controle de qualidade do sistema. Entretanto, algumas manifestações patológicas neste material, como segregação da mistura, falta de aderência, exsudação, fissuras, dentre outras, estão sendo relatadas em obras no Brasil, por empresas e usuários do produto. O presente trabalho buscou então analisar, a partir de avaliações laboratoriais, o desempenho físico-mecânico de argamassas autonivelantes industrializadas brasileiras para contrapiso e seu comportamento em relação aos convencionais métodos de execução com argamassa dosada em obra, do tipo "farofa", frente a ensaios no estado fresco e endurecido. Para tal, foi realizado um levantamento em obras da cidade de Porto Alegre para elencar quais os traços de argamassa para contrapiso estão sendo empregados na construção civil local. Os resultados apontaram, após realização dos ensaios, que as argamassas industrializadas autonivelantes brasileiras estão oferecendo propriedades mecânicas mais satisfatórias do que as especificadas em norma, para o uso de argamassas de contrapiso do tipo "farofa" com traço 1:6 (NBR 13753, (ABNT, 1996)). Entretanto, com desempenho inferior ao que está sendo executado atualmente nas obras da cidade de Porto Alegre, com a utilização da argamassa "farofa" de traço 1:3, requerendo, ainda, algumas melhorias em suas propriedades. / Due to the industrialization and modernization of building systems, the search for productivity and time optimization at construction sites is becoming more present in the construction sector. The self-leveling mortar for subfloor, also known as continuous coating, is a material used in many countries in Europe, USA and Latin America, with strong implementation trend in Brazil. The main feature is its high fluidity, which allows the material to bind when applied under the action of gravity and its own flow capacity, providing high flatness and floor leveling, increasing productivity and quality control. However, some pathological manifestations in this material, as segregation of the mixture, lack of adhesion, bleeding, cracks, among others, are being reported in Brazil, by companies and users of this product. Based on laboratory evaluations this research seeks to analyze the physical-mechanical performance of self-levelling mortars for subfloors compared to traditional methods of mortar implementation, in the fresh and hardened state. For this, a survey was conducted in the building site of the city of Porto Alegre, to find out which mortar proportioning are being employed in the local construction industry. The results showed, after carrying out the tests, the Brazilian self-leveling industrial mortars for subfloors, are offering more satisfactory mechanical properties than those specified in Brazilian standard for the use of subfloors mortars with mix proportion 1:6 (NBR 13753 (ABNT, 1996)). However, the studied mortars presented low performance in relation with 1:3 mortar proportion, the most used in Porto Alegre construction sites, requiring improvements on their properties.

Construction sites are frequently cited as major sources of pollution that degrade the quality of surface water. The highly erodible topsoil is transported off site by stormwater runoff causing negative effects downstream. Research has shown that the small particles, which are the most susceptible to erosive forces, have more pollutants associated with them than larger soil particles. Currently, in the state of Florida, it is not permissible to discharge water to a receiving water body if the turbidity is more than 29 Nephelometric Turbidity Units (NTUs) above background or higher than background for an outstanding Florida water body. The removal of fine suspended sediment from water can be achieved by filtration, settling, and the use of chemical coagulants. Polyacrylamide (PAM), a coagulant, has been shown to be effective in removing fine suspended particles from water via coagulation and flocculation. The Stormwater Management Academy at the University of Central Florida has researched the use of PAM and collection mats in a treatment channel to meet state discharge requirements. In this study, turbid water using sediment from typical Florida soils was simulated and passed through a channel. The channel contained polymer blocks in a configuration previously determined to be the most effective. An important component of the treatment system is the floc collection. This research examined three types of collection mats, namely jute, coconut fiber and polypropylene mix to collect the flocs. This thesis presents the results of this investigation. The results for the sandy soil tests showed an average removal efficiency prior to the collection mat starting at 71% and decreasing to 44% at the end of the tests. The 20-foot coconut mat maintained an average removal efficiency of 90%. The turbidity due to silty-sandy soil was decreased with an average removal efficiency prior to the collection mat ranging from 50% to 65%. The average removal efficiency for the 20-foot coconut mat started at 85%and decreased to 60% during the tests. The turbidity due to crushed limestone showed an average removal efficiency prior to the collection mat ranging from 81% down to 69% over time. The average results from the 20-foot coconut mat ranged from 65% to 80%. Turbidity was tested on the samples under two conditions, a 30 second settling time and completely mixed. Statistical results show a significant decrease (?=0.05) in turbidity between the mixed and settled samples. Statistical analyses were performed on the collected data, which concluded that the capability of the mat to reduce turbidity can be repeated with a 95% confidence interval. The 20-foot length coconut mat had the highest turbidity removal efficiency for every soil type examined. Further statistical analysis showed that the achieved turbidity reduction was significantly different (?=0.05) for the various materials. It was observed that generally, each type of mat clogged during testing indicating that longer collection mats be used, possibly lining the entire channel. Recommendations from this study are to provide a settling area after the collection mats and line the entire length of the channel with the collection mat selected.

Aldrig förr har det varit lika viktigt som nu, 2024, att fokusera på hållbarhet och att förvalta jordens resurser på ett bättre sätt. Nuförtiden cirkulerar det stora mängder material och produkter i byggsektorn, men det saknas ännu en hållbar och långsiktig strategi för ett mer cirkulärt byggande. Byggsektorn står årligen för 22 % av alla växthusgaser som släpps ut i Sverige. För att Sverige ska nå sina klimatmål är det nödvändigt att minska utsläppen. För att bidra till detta och främja ett mer cirkulärt samhälle krävs det att byggbranschen gör konkreta förändringar. En av dessa förändringar är att börja använda återbrukat material. Detta arbete har genomförts i samarbete med ByggDialog och det undersöker hur hanteringen av spillmaterial kan förbättras i byggbranschen samt vad effekterna av en förbättrad hanteringsprocess blir. Därtill ämnar även arbetet att besvara på hur beställaren, i detta fall, Karlstads kommun, ser på arbetet kring återbruk av spillmaterial. Målet med arbetet är ta fram en metod för att kunna hantera spillmaterial på ett sådant sätt att det går att återbruka. Vidare är målet, att ByggDialog genom metoden ska kunna redovisa i sin projektredovisning hur mycket koldioxidekvivalenter som har sparats. Arbetet är baserat på kvalitativa intervjuer med projektledare, projektingenjörer, energiexperter och andra personer som enbart arbetar med byggåterbruk. Därtill har enklare beräkningar genomförts med syftet att redovisa resultatet på ett tydligt sätt. Ett förslag på en lösning för att öka återbruket av spillmaterial är att implementera en återbrukscontainer på byggarbetsplatserna. Effekterna av att implementera en återbrukscontainer är väldigt positiva, bland annat underlättar det hanteringsprocessen. Resultatet från beräkningar visar på att en återbrukscontainer kan bidra till att minska utsläppen av CO2-ekvivalenter och idén kan således göra stor påverkan om den implementeras storskaligt utav ByggDialog. Det finns både fördelar och nackdelar med en återbrukscontainer men ställs dessa mot varandra är det tydligt att fördelarna väger över. Dock finns det frågor som vidare behöver utredas för att få ut maximal effekt utav idén men slutsatsen är tydlig. En återbrukscontainer är en bra lösning för att öka återbruket av spillmaterial och idén medför flera positiva effekter, främst ur miljösynpunkt. Att implementera idén är högst aktuell idag och anses vara helt i linje med att främja ett cirkulärt samhälle. / Never before has sustainability and the prudent management of earth’s resources been as crucial as it is now, in 2024. The construction industry circulates large quantities of materials and products, yet a sustainable and long-term strategy for more circular construction practices is lacking. The construction sector is responsible for 22% of Sweden's annual greenhouse gas emissions. To achieve Sweden’s climate goals, it is imperative to reduce emissions. Contributing to this reduction and promoting a more circular society requires concrete changes in the construction industry, one of which is the increased use of recycled materials. This study, conducted in collaboration with ByggDialog, explores how the management of waste material in the construction industry can be improved, as well as the effects of an improved management process. Furthermore, the study seeks to understand how the client, in this case Karlstad Municipality, views the reuse of waste materials. The aim is to develop a method to handle waste materials in a way that facilitates their reuse. Additionally, ByggDialog aims to utilize this method to report on the carbon dioxide equivalents offset in their project reports. The study is based on qualitative interviews with project managers, project engineers, energy experts, and others solely involved in construction reuse. Simple calculations were also performed to clearly present the results. A proposed solution to increase the reuse of waste material is to implement a reuse container at construction sites. The effects of implementing such a container are very positive, simplifying the handling process. The results from the calculations indicate that a reuse container can contribute to reducing emissions of CO2-equivalents, and thus the idea could have a significant impact if implemented on a large scale by ByggDialog. While there are pros and cons to a reuse container, when compared, the benefits clearly outweigh the drawbacks. However, further investigation is needed to maximize the effectiveness of the idea. The conclusion is clear: a reuse container is an excellent solution for increasing the reuse of waste materials, and the concept has several positive effects, primarily from an environmental standpoint. Implementing this idea is highly relevant today and is considered completely in line with promoting a circular society.

The Swedish construction industry makes extensive use of foreign labour. Communication with the foreign workers is perceived as the biggest challenge, language barriers arise when people do not speak a common language. The purpose of the work is to investigate preventive measures and aids against problems that arise on construction sites due to a language barrier between people whose native language is Swedish and foreign workers, with a focus on safety aspects.   How Swedish companies work to counteract the negative consequences of language barriers on construction sites was analysed through a survey, which was sent out to professionals and white-collar workers who work on construction sites with foreign workers. The survey resulted in their view of the problem, which factors language barriers negatively affect and to what extent. This basis was used to compile recommended methods and tools to prevent language barriers on Swedish construction sites from negatively affecting safety.   The conclusion is that there are many good methods that are already widely used internationally and among the large Swedish companies. The problem is that the problems and challenges of foreign labour are not sufficiently recognized, and that many companies have not yet implemented methods to counter it.

Introduktion (och syfte) – Människor på arbetsplatser, oavsett bransch, kan drabbas av bådefysiska och psykiska problem på grund av exempelvis kemikalier, maskiner, buller,stress eller trakasserier. I Sverige är byggbranschen en av de mest olycksdrabbadebranscherna och räknades som den dödligaste branschen under 2018. Samtidigt görsstora satsningar i Sverige för att arbeta säkert på byggarbetsplatser och förebyggaolyckor, som till exempel Safe Construction Training och säkerhetspark. Enligt en delforskning har, under de senaste två decennierna, intresset för begreppet säkerhetskulturökat som ett sätt att minska risken för olyckor. Säkerhetskultur definieras som cheferoch anställdas värderingar, uppfattningar och attityder om förhållande till arbetsmiljöoch säkerhet. Av denna anledning blir målet med denna studie att kartlägga faktorersom påverkar säkerhetskulturen, belysa hur en god säkerhetskultur ser ut samt vilkaåtgärder som bidrar till en förbättrad säkerhetskultur. Metod – Undersökningsstrategi för denna kvalitativa studie baseras på intervjuer ochdokumentstudier. Intervjuer valdes som den ingående empiriinsamlingen eftersom dettaär en beprövad metod för insamling av data från en utvald grupp personer. Användandetav intervju som empiriinsamling bidrar till att ange både djupare förståelse av problemeti fråga och samtidigt tillåta författaren att vägleda frågeställningen och därmed geupphov till en öppnare diskussion av ämnet. Intervjuerna som använts i denna rapportär av typen semistrukturerade, där frågorna är förutbestämda men hålls öppna. Parallelltmed intervjuerna används dokumentstudie i form av sekundärdata för att kompletteraprimärdata från intervjuerna. Resultat – Det överliggande problemet idag kring säkerhetskulturen grundar sig kringatt byggindustrin är en bransch med fler olycksrisker än andra branschen till följd avarbetsuppgifternas natur. Att förebygga olycksrisker kräver aktivt säkerhetsarbete somarbetar mot risker och olyckor som vanligtvis sker och samtidigt fokusera på attförebygga och minska antalet olyckor. Till detta krävs olycksrapporteringar samt tillbudför att möjliggöra att säkerhetsarbetet fokuserar på relevanta faktorer som kan ge positiveffekt, och minska antalet rapporterade fall. Att möjliggöra en god säkerhetskulturkrävs att arbetarna vet om de risker som finns, att rapportering är något som måste ske,oavsett olyckans storlek, samt att undvika att slarva med arbetet för att spara tid. Analys – Analysen har presenterat en djupare förståelse kring hur säkerhetsarbetetfungerar, vilka faktorer som uppenbarar sig vid granskning av olyckor och tillbud,hantering av olycksrapportering, samt arbetet mot att förebygga fler olyckor. Diskussion – Med den valda metodiken för framtagning av rapportens empiri har etttrovärdigt resultat kunnat tillhandahållas. Undersökningen har genomförts med en litenurvalsgrupp men resultaten bedöms vara användbara. Målet med denna kvalitativastudie har uppnåtts och frågeställningarna har besvarats. / Introduction (and purpose) – People in the workplace, regardless of industry, can beaffected by both physical and mental factors due to, for example, chemicals, machines,noise, stress, or harassment. In Sweden, the construction industry is one of the mostaccident-prone industries and was considered the deadliest industry in 2018. At thesame time, major investments are being made in Sweden to work safely on constructionsites and prevent accidents, such as Safe Construction Training and safety parks.According to some research, over the past two decades, interest in the concept of safetyculture has increased as a way of reducing the risk of accidents. Safety culture is definedas managers 'and employees' values, perceptions, and attitudes about the relationshipbetween the work environment and safety. For this reason, this work will aim to identifyfactors that affect the safety culture, shed light on what a good safety culture looks like,and what measures contribute to an improved safety culture. Method – The research strategy for this qualitative study is based on interviews anddocument studies. Interviews were chosen as the in-depth empirical collection as thisis a proven method for collecting data from a selected group of people. The use ofinterviews as a collection of empirical data helps to provide both a deeper understandingof the problem in question and at the same time allows the author to guide the issue andthus give rise to a more open discussion of the subject. In parallel with the interviews,a document study in the form of secondary data is used to supplement primary datafrom the interviews. Results – The overriding problem today around safety culture is that the buildingindustry maintains a greater risk of accidents than other occupations due to the natureof the tasks. To prevent the risks that an accident occurs, the demand increase for activesafety work to prevent risks and accident that are commonly occurring, while at thesame time focusing on preventing further accidents from happening. To do this, thedemand for reports regarding incidents and accidents increases, to enable the safetywork to focus in on relevant factors and decrease the number of accidents fromhappening. To enable good safety culture, the workers need to be aware of the risksduring work, that they always report accidents, and to avoid cutting corners to save time. Analysis – The analysis has presented a deeper understanding of how safety work isdone in the workplace, which factors that are presented when reviewing accidents andincidents, the handling of the accident reports, as well as the work towards preventingmore accident from happening. Discussion – With the chosen methodology for producing the report's empirical data, acredible result has been provided. The survey was conducted with a small sample group,but the results are judged to be useful. The goal of this qualitative study has beenachieved and the questions have been answered.