Work Environment problems on construction work sites are very extensive and discussed. The construction industry is one of the most dangerous industries in Sweden. The construction industry occupies about 290 000 employment (2009), and the investment was 250 billion SEK. This report will investigate the issues of the work environment and offer advice on how these can be measured and imporved. The study includes review and analyses of occupational injury statistics, interviews, inspections and audit and review of the literature. It is also includes review of work responsibilities and what the participant have the responsibilities and functions in the work environment. The results show that the construction work sites are one of the most dangerous workplaces. The statistics do not reflect reality and important factors are excluded. Work from height and managing in connection with tools are the most dangerous type of work. Work responsibilities are clear: the employer has the main responsibility for the work environment. The Work Environment act is the basis for the regulations that Swedish work environment authority gives out. Breaking the law or regualtion may not lead to seriously consequences, because it's a long process before punishment can be divided. The issues in work environment are more extensive in small companies and human error is much due to accidents. To edge the law and give the inspectors more eligibility than they now have to improve a better working environment and safer construction sites

The construction industry has demands on energy use in permanent buildings. How much energy that is permitted to use during the time the building is produced has no requirements. The purpose with this study is to learn how far Skanska has come with the work of making the building site more energy efficient. A literature study has been performed in the beginning of the study to survey what energy efficient arrangements that can be applied and how they operate. Using site visits and interviews the situations on the building sites have been studied as well as the energy efficient measure that are in use. Skanska has come a long way with the work of energy efficient building sites and they keep improving. They have improved half of their cabins so they use 50 % less energy. In the near future a cabin that use 84 % less energy can be used on the building sites. Skanska applies several different measures to reduce their energy consumption. The study has shown that a good way to save energy is to turn off the lights at the building sites when the staffs are not working. However, there is also the question about the working environment so it is up to the individual building site make the decision. A conclusion of the survey is that it is important to engage the employed in the work with energy efficient measure and get them to understand why the measure is used.

Slöseri är ett stort problem på byggarbetsplatser. Ett koncept där minimering av slöseri är centralt är Lean-manufacturing. Detta arbetes syfte var att utreda hur förbättringsarbete används på byggarbetsplatser. De befintliga systemen för förbättringar analyserades och förslag till förbättringar gavs. Genom intervjuer undersöktes hur förbättringsarbete sker på byggarbetsplatser. Egenkontroller och arbetsberedningar användes som kvalitetsarbete på arbetsplatserna. Det visade sig att de inte har något system för förbättringsarbete. Eftersom inget system användes så utvecklades ett system från grunden. PDCA-cykeln är en metod för förbättringsarbete som bildar själva ryggraden i Lean. Den metoden låg till grund för utformandet av förbättringsarbetet för byggarbetsplatsen. Företaget har rutiner för säkerhetsarbete som förbättringsarbetet anpassades efter. Resultatet blev Kvalitetsrond som har ett liknande upplägg som företagets skydds- och miljöronder. Kvalitetsronden utförs precis som skydds- och miljöronden en gång i veckan på byggarbetsplatsen där problemområden identifieras och sedan specificeras i en FMEA liknande mall. Kvalitetsronden erbjuder möjlighet att arbeta med hela PDCA-cykeln på byggarbetsplatser. Att samla in problem och lösa dem är en sak, att se till att lösningarna sprids och används är svårare. Standardisering är problematiskt, till skillnad från industrier där fabriken är på ett och samma ställe så upprättas tillfälliga fabriker på byggarbetsplatserna där byggnaderna ska stå. Varje projekt är unikt och det sker ett ständigt utbyte av personal och ledning. Arbetsberedningar som används inom företaget skulle kunna fungera som standardisering. Den bästa metoden väljs ut och den beskrivs sedan ingående med material, maskiner, antal arbetare etc. För att skapa mervärde så att även erfarna skall använda dessa så skulle de med fördel kunna fungera som checklistor och beräkningsverktyg. / Wasting is a major problem on construction sites. A concept where the minimization of waste is central is called lean manufacturing. This essay aims to investigate how improvement work is used on construction sites. The current systems for improvement were analyzed and suggestions for improvement were given. Interviews were used to examine how improvement work on construction sites was used. Self-control and working preparations were used as quality systems on the construction sites. It turned out that they have no system for quality improvement. Because no system was used a system had to be developed from scratch. The PDCA-cycle is a method of improvement which forms the backbone of Lean. This method was the basis for the design of the improvement process. The company has procedures for the safety work that this improvement work adapted. The result was Quality Round which has a similar design as the company's safety and environmental rounds. The Quality round is used as health and environmental rounds once a week at the construction site where problem areas are identified and then specified in an FMEA-like template. The Quality round provides the opportunity to work with the entire PDCA-cycle on construction sites. To notice the problems and solving them is one thing, to ensure that the solutions are distributed and used is however more difficult. Standardization is a problem at construction sites because unlike in the industry business where the production is stationary the facilities are constantly moved depending on the projects location. Each project is unique and there is a constant exchange of staff and management. Working preparations used in the company could serve as method for standardization. The best method is selected and then described in detail with the amount of material, equipment, number of workers, etc. In order to add value so that even experienced staff will use these, they could also serve as checklists and calculation tools.

Arbetsmiljöproblem på byggarbetarplatser är idag väldigt omfattande och omtalat. Byggindustrin är nämligen en av landets farligaste industrier. Byggindustrin sysselsätter ca 290 000 (2009) och omsätter ca 250 miljarder SEK. Denna rapport utreder bristerna inom arbetsmiljön och orsakerna bakom dödsolyckorna. Studien omfattar granskning och analysering av arbetsmiljöverkets utredningar och intervjuer. Den omfattar även granskning av arbetsmiljöansvaret och vad aktörerna har för ansvar och funktioner i arbetsmiljöarbetet. Resultatet visar att byggarbetarplatser är bland landets farligaste arbetsplatser. Statistiken speglar inte verkligheten och viktiga faktorer utesluts. Arbete från höjd och med verktyg och maskiner är de farligaste typerna av arbeten. Den vanligaste dödsolyckan är fall från höjd. Den vanligaste orsaken till dödsolyckorna är organisatoriska. Arbetsmiljöansvaret är tydligt; arbetsgivaren bär huvudansvaret för arbetsmiljön. Arbetsmiljölagen ligger till grund för riktlinjer som arbetsmiljöverket ger ut. Att bryta mot en lag eller en föreskrift får idag inte så allvarliga konsekvenser utan är en längre process innan straff utdelas. Brister i arbetsmiljö är mer omfattande i små företag och mänskliga faktorn är ofta en av de största bidragande faktorerna. Att skärpa lagen och ge inspektörerna mer behörigheter än vad de nu har kan skapa en bättre arbetsmiljö och en säkrare byggarbetsplats. / Work Environment problems at construction worksites are a common topic for discussions. The construction industry is one of the most dangerous industries in Sweden. The industry consists of about 290 000 workers (2009) and the investment was 250 billion SEK. This report will investigate the risks of the work environment and the causes of the fatal accidents. The study includes review and analysis of occupational injury statistics, investigation of the occupational accidents made by the work environment authority and interviews. It also includes review of work responsibilities and what type of responsibilities and functions the participant has in the work environment. The result shows that the construction worksites are one of the most dangerous workplaces. The statistics do not reflect reality and important factors are excluded. Work from height and with using machines and tools are the most hazardous types of work. The most common fatal accident is a fall from height. The most common cause of fatal occupational accidents is organizational. Work responsibilities are clear: the employer has the main responsibility for the work environment. The Work Environment Act is the basis for the regulations that Swedish work environment authorities give out. Breaking the law or regulation may not lead to seriously consequences, because it’s a long process before punishment can be divided. The issues in the work environment are more extensive in small companies and human error is much due to accidents. Enforcing these laws and giving the inspectors more eligibility than they now have will achieve a better working environment and safer construction sites.

In recent years, sustainability efforts have become more common in the construction industry than ever before due to new directives on certifications and sustainability monitoring. In autumn of 2021, the construction company Rekab Entreprenad AB became a part of, a larger group of companies which resulted in higher requirements in sustainability than earlier. The group has a goal to be fossil-free in electricity, heating, transportation, and waste management by the year 2030. The purpose of this essay is to increase the understanding of how construction of buildings impacts the climate today and what measures can be taken to make construction more sustainable to meet current and future goals.   Four construction sites were visited to gain insight om how the company is working with sustainability. The visits resulted in one overall issue: lack of established routines during the work. There is a demand for standardized, on-site facilities to simplify the process for site managers to establish sustainable setups. Additionally, to improve recycling rates onsite, the workers demand simplicity and a dedicated space to store the waste and other materials. Another way to minimize the emissions from construction is to reduce the number of transportations in and out of the construction site. This study resulted in several conclusions including:  - Implementing stricter routines will make it easier for workers to work more sustainable.  - Rekab should inform and educate their employees about their sustainability goals to prepare them for future projects. - Rekab should introduce a standardized on-site facility that can be scalable depending on the project, fully equipped to meet all the company´s sustainability goals. - Rekab should, in the planning-phase, make room for a simple but effective wastesystem on every construction site.  - Materials should be covered in one way or another to minimize the number of materials that go to waste.

Introduktion (och syfte) – Människor på arbetsplatser, oavsett bransch, kan drabbas av bådefysiska och psykiska problem på grund av exempelvis kemikalier, maskiner, buller,stress eller trakasserier. I Sverige är byggbranschen en av de mest olycksdrabbadebranscherna och räknades som den dödligaste branschen under 2018. Samtidigt görsstora satsningar i Sverige för att arbeta säkert på byggarbetsplatser och förebyggaolyckor, som till exempel Safe Construction Training och säkerhetspark. Enligt en delforskning har, under de senaste två decennierna, intresset för begreppet säkerhetskulturökat som ett sätt att minska risken för olyckor. Säkerhetskultur definieras som cheferoch anställdas värderingar, uppfattningar och attityder om förhållande till arbetsmiljöoch säkerhet. Av denna anledning blir målet med denna studie att kartlägga faktorersom påverkar säkerhetskulturen, belysa hur en god säkerhetskultur ser ut samt vilkaåtgärder som bidrar till en förbättrad säkerhetskultur. Metod – Undersökningsstrategi för denna kvalitativa studie baseras på intervjuer ochdokumentstudier. Intervjuer valdes som den ingående empiriinsamlingen eftersom dettaär en beprövad metod för insamling av data från en utvald grupp personer. Användandetav intervju som empiriinsamling bidrar till att ange både djupare förståelse av problemeti fråga och samtidigt tillåta författaren att vägleda frågeställningen och därmed geupphov till en öppnare diskussion av ämnet. Intervjuerna som använts i denna rapportär av typen semistrukturerade, där frågorna är förutbestämda men hålls öppna. Parallelltmed intervjuerna används dokumentstudie i form av sekundärdata för att kompletteraprimärdata från intervjuerna. Resultat – Det överliggande problemet idag kring säkerhetskulturen grundar sig kringatt byggindustrin är en bransch med fler olycksrisker än andra branschen till följd avarbetsuppgifternas natur. Att förebygga olycksrisker kräver aktivt säkerhetsarbete somarbetar mot risker och olyckor som vanligtvis sker och samtidigt fokusera på attförebygga och minska antalet olyckor. Till detta krävs olycksrapporteringar samt tillbudför att möjliggöra att säkerhetsarbetet fokuserar på relevanta faktorer som kan ge positiveffekt, och minska antalet rapporterade fall. Att möjliggöra en god säkerhetskulturkrävs att arbetarna vet om de risker som finns, att rapportering är något som måste ske,oavsett olyckans storlek, samt att undvika att slarva med arbetet för att spara tid. Analys – Analysen har presenterat en djupare förståelse kring hur säkerhetsarbetetfungerar, vilka faktorer som uppenbarar sig vid granskning av olyckor och tillbud,hantering av olycksrapportering, samt arbetet mot att förebygga fler olyckor. Diskussion – Med den valda metodiken för framtagning av rapportens empiri har etttrovärdigt resultat kunnat tillhandahållas. Undersökningen har genomförts med en litenurvalsgrupp men resultaten bedöms vara användbara. Målet med denna kvalitativastudie har uppnåtts och frågeställningarna har besvarats. / Introduction (and purpose) – People in the workplace, regardless of industry, can beaffected by both physical and mental factors due to, for example, chemicals, machines,noise, stress, or harassment. In Sweden, the construction industry is one of the mostaccident-prone industries and was considered the deadliest industry in 2018. At thesame time, major investments are being made in Sweden to work safely on constructionsites and prevent accidents, such as Safe Construction Training and safety parks.According to some research, over the past two decades, interest in the concept of safetyculture has increased as a way of reducing the risk of accidents. Safety culture is definedas managers 'and employees' values, perceptions, and attitudes about the relationshipbetween the work environment and safety. For this reason, this work will aim to identifyfactors that affect the safety culture, shed light on what a good safety culture looks like,and what measures contribute to an improved safety culture. Method – The research strategy for this qualitative study is based on interviews anddocument studies. Interviews were chosen as the in-depth empirical collection as thisis a proven method for collecting data from a selected group of people. The use ofinterviews as a collection of empirical data helps to provide both a deeper understandingof the problem in question and at the same time allows the author to guide the issue andthus give rise to a more open discussion of the subject. In parallel with the interviews,a document study in the form of secondary data is used to supplement primary datafrom the interviews. Results – The overriding problem today around safety culture is that the buildingindustry maintains a greater risk of accidents than other occupations due to the natureof the tasks. To prevent the risks that an accident occurs, the demand increase for activesafety work to prevent risks and accident that are commonly occurring, while at thesame time focusing on preventing further accidents from happening. To do this, thedemand for reports regarding incidents and accidents increases, to enable the safetywork to focus in on relevant factors and decrease the number of accidents fromhappening. To enable good safety culture, the workers need to be aware of the risksduring work, that they always report accidents, and to avoid cutting corners to save time. Analysis – The analysis has presented a deeper understanding of how safety work isdone in the workplace, which factors that are presented when reviewing accidents andincidents, the handling of the accident reports, as well as the work towards preventingmore accident from happening. Discussion – With the chosen methodology for producing the report's empirical data, acredible result has been provided. The survey was conducted with a small sample group,but the results are judged to be useful. The goal of this qualitative study has beenachieved and the questions have been answered.

No description available.

This study aims at identifying on a concrete example the possible transfer of methods from strategic spatial planning to lower scales of planning like urban programming or operational planning of construction sites. Strategic spatial planning is a participatory and open method establishing the basis for cooperation between public and private stakeholders to achieve what is defined by said stakeholders as the best evolution for the territory it is dealing with, it relies on tools and processes like territorial diagnosis, thematic workshops and roundtables; Objectives are more qualitatively than quantitatively defined to allow flexibility to adapt to internal and external changes. This paper considers the territory of Lyon conurbation, France, as its territory of focus and particularly the redevelopment project of its central business district and multimodal hub, Part-Dieu. The planning of Lyon conurbation was in the 80s at the vanguard of strategic planning in France. Driven by Lyon urban planning agency and Grand Lyon, the local authority in charge of the area, under the pressure of local economic actors, Lyon conurbation acquired and integrated new tools and methods from strategic spatial planning. The hypothesis of this study is that, from then on, strategic planning methods and processes got transferred from the field of pure strategic spatial planning to the lower notches of the decision-making chain leading to the realization of a project: the stage of the programming of a neighborhood – the Part-Dieu district – and the stage of the operational planning of a construction or redevelopment operation. This study puts forward the following reasoning to explain this transfer of methods: an acculturation process to the collaborative and qualitative methods of strategic spatial planning took place in the territory of Lyon conurbation. It happened between the corporate cultures of spatial planning and those of urban program design and construction operation management. However, more than a way to really involve all stakeholders in the decision-making process in a bottom-up approach, this study suggests that the use of these methods at the stage of construction/redevelopment operation management is more of a facade to make stakeholders better accept decisions already taken by experts and/or public authorities. One could talk about a top-down approach disguised as a bottom-up approach.

Problem background: This thesis in building technology at Mälardalen University examines the noise level of the constructions on Öster Mälarstrand. The area Öster Mälarstrand is in the eastern part of Västerås next to the water area Mälaren. This district began to build in the end of the 20th century, and the area went from an industrial field to become as described, one of the best places in Västerås to live at. The district is now an area with a large extent of residentials and other necessities such as banking, gym, cafes, restaurants, shops and a large marina. Öster Mälarstrand is still under constant construction of new buildings. The purpose of the survey is to investigate the noise level on Öster Mälarstrand, and if the construction sites are customised to the guidelines that exist regarding noise and noise levels outside in a residential area. The work is summarized and ends by giving examples of measures to reduce noise and noise levels in the area. The method is based on own noise measurements, calculations and interviews. The noise measurements carried out at three specific locations on Öster Mälarstrand during four working days when constructions were underway. Interviews have also been conducted with 50 people who live in the area. The calculations of the noise measurments showed several varying values, but one thing that is clear is that the noise calculations that was executed, exceeds the guideline values set for noise-levels in Öster Mälarstrand. The interviews that were conducted presents that a majority of the interviewees thought that the noise level of the constructions on Öster Mälarstrand was disturbing, especially now during the pandemic of Covid-19, when several people started working from home. The conclusion in this thesis is that noise levels exceeds the guideline values ​​that exist according to the Swedish Environmental Protection Agency. The interviews in the area show that the majority of the participants experience the noise from the construction site as a disturbance.

Purpose: Continously growing cities and increasing population sets new demands inthe building industry. Contractors are facing new challenges regarding constructionsite-logistics in densely populated areas where the use of large transports is limited.Many of the actors involved in construction logistics don’t seem to recognize thepotential in early-stage cooperation and sharing of information. Large improvementsare available in the construction logistics which seem to lack structure and goodplanning. Large demands are going to be put on contractor corporations where smartlogisticsolutions can be a deciding factor for competition and thus, important toidentify. Method: In order to supply answer to this thesis question formulation a case study wasperformed at Skanska AB Sverige. The methods used are literature-review, documentanalysisand interviews. The literature-review helped gathering knowledge in the fieldas well as providing a framework in chapter four. The document-analysis where usedto identify the guidelines and tools that Skanska AB Sverige uses today. The interviewstook place at Skanska AB Sverige where employees on influential positions suppliedtheir view on the construction logistics. Findings: The thesis examined four problem areas within construction logistics:material flow issues, internal communication, external communication and complexity.The study showed that the largest problem was material flow issues in citylogisticswhere it was shown that the problems included was uncertainty of time of delivery,transport issues, uncertainty of space requirement and space for waste storage. Theproblems may be solved through thorough planning and inclusion of more actors in theplanning. An increased use of join-distribution may also prove beneficial to the projectsas more space and time is created. Implications: The thesis conclude that information of solutions exist today but that itmust find a way to reach the project in a better way. Problems regarding the externalcommunication with subcontractors was found in the interviews which could beprevented through a better understanding between different actors through inclusion inthe early stage planning and continuous involvement. As a recommendation to furtherresearch we recommend to examine the profitability of joint-distribution and supplychain management. Limitations: The the thesis is limited to construction enterprise where logistics isexamined where it is in direct contact with the construction site. The supply chain ofsubcontractors and their handling of materials is not studied in this report. / Syfte: Ständigt växande stadskärnor och ökad befolkning ställer nya krav påbyggmarknaden. Entreprenörer ställs inför nya utmaningar gällandearbetsplatslogistiken på trånga innerstadprojekt där stora transporter är begränsade.Många inblandade som berörs av logistikfrågor ser inte den stora potentialen isamarbete och utbyte av information. Stora förbättringsmöjligheter finns gällandelogistiken inom byggbranschen vilken saknar struktur och bra planering. Stora kravkommer ställas på entreprenadföretag där smarta logistiklösningar kan vara enavgörande konkurrensfaktor därför är det viktigt att identifiera dessa möjligheter. Metod: För att besvara rapporten frågeställningar utgick examensarbetet från enfallstudie. Metoderna som användes för datainsamling var litteraturstudie,dokumentanalys och intervjuer. Litteraturstudier hjälpte med att införskaffa kunskap iämnet samt gav grund i empirikapitlet. Därefter gjordes dokumentanalys för attidentifiera Skanskas Sverige AB riktlinjer och hjälpmedel som finns idag.Avslutningsvis intervjuades personer på företaget för att se deras syn kringlogistiksituationen. Resultat: Rapporten undersökte fyra problematiska områden inom bygglogistiken:materialflöde, intern och extern kommunikation samt komplexitet. Studien visade attproblem kring materialflöde var största bekymmer utifrån logistiksynpunkt. Inom detområdet fastställdes problematik kring leveransreliabilitet, transportproblem påbyggarbetsplats, osäkerhet om utrymmeskrav och hantering av avfall. Problemen kanlösas genom noggrannare planering och inkludering av flera aktörer i planeringen.Ökning av samlastning tycks också gynna projekten där mer plats och tid skapas.Medarbetarnas okunskap gällande samlastning skapar rädslan för extra kostnaderistället för att se möjligheter. Konsekvenser: Rapportens slutsats är att information kring lösningar som finnstillgängliga i dagsläge måste nå projekten på ett bättre sätt. Problem kring den externakommunikationen med underentreprenörer konstaterades. Bättre förståelse förvarandras arbetssätt kan skapas genom täta avstämningar och bättre involvering. Somförslag till vidare studier kan lönsamhet av samlastning respektive supply chainmanagement för olika typer entreprenader undersökas. Begränsningar: Studien är avgränsad till ett byggentreprenadföretag på husbyggnaddär logistiken undersöks endast i direktkontakt med byggarbetsplats.Underentreprenörernas leveranskedja och hantering av material beaktas inte i dettaarbete.