Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-15T19:22:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Felipe Corres Melachos.pdf: 25409881 bytes, checksum: f5a393eea11e9a0554d84ad71e415eab (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-06-23 / This Master´s Dissertation has the city of São Paulo‟s upscale downtown hotels as its research object, although limited by the chronological restraints of 1954 and 2004. Its objective is the analysis of the transformations underwent by upper scale downtown hotels in São Paulo, focusing its scope in those hotels‟ specific programmatic distribution. The incongruence amongst the downtown hotel‟s importance to the city of Sao Paulo and the scarcity of studies regarding this kind of architecture was the catalyst for this Dissertation. Furthermore, one of the aspiring contributions of this research is to gather enough bibliographical references regarding the theme in order to foster and aid future related research efforts. Fundamental concepts regarding upscale downtown hotels‟ architecture are discussed in this research, which later verifies these concepts by means of analysis and confrontations of conspicuous case studies: Hotel Jaraguá and Hotel Caesar Park, part of the multipurpose Continental Square. The main contribution of this research resides upon the projectual analysis of these two study cases of this kind of architecture under the scope of the concepts gathered by means of the study of the bibliography, since analysis of this nature are indeed rare when pertaining to this architectural niche. The analysis and confrontation of these two case studies resulted in the verification of the transformations underwent in the architecture of upscale downtown hotels in São Paulo, between 1954 and 2004. These transformations were produced by the changes in these hotels‟ guest profile, which became business travellers instead of governmental authorities and public personalities, as due the technological and social advances in the globe during these 50 years, and the uprising of the service‟s sector in the city‟s economy. The demands of this new guest profile reflected themselves by means of the inclusion of much more public and social áreas in these hotels, especially function spaces, and consequently, the virtual duplication of their back-of-housing just so these hotels could operate properly. / A presente Dissertação tem como objeto de pesquisa o Hotel Central de padrão superior em São Paulo, limitado pelo recorte cronológico de 1954 a 2004. Seu objetivo principal é analisar as transformações da arquitetura de hotéis centrais de padrão superior em São Paulo, sob a luz de sua característica programática, no recorte cronológico acima. A incongruência entre a importância econômica do turismo de negócios para a cidade de São Paulo, e consequentemente de seus hoteis centrais, e a escassez de estudos referentes a este nicho de arquitetura foi a força motriz por trás deste estudo. Assim, uma das principais contribuições almejadas por parte desta dissertação, e também objetivo secundário desta pesquisa, é reunir bibliografia especializada no assunto e deste modo auxiliar e incentivar futuras pesquisas. Nesta pesquisa são definidos e analisados conceitos fundamentais sobre a arquitetura de hotéis centrais de padrão superior, e depois estes são verificados na análise e confrontação de dois estudos de caso proeminentes do segmento: o Hotel Jaraguá e o Hotel Ceasar Park, parte integrante do conjunto multifuncional Continental Square. A contribuição principal desta dissertação reside justamente na análise projetual destes dois estudos de caso, pois análises desta natureza se apresentaram raras no material consultado. A análise e confrontação destes estudos de caso resultaram na aferição das transformações da arquitetura de hotéis centrais de padrão superior em São Paulo, entre 1954 e 2004. Estas transformações são resultantes das mudanças do perfil do hóspedes destes hotéis no recorte cronológico da pesquisa, que passaram a ser turistas de negócios ao invés de autoridades governamentais e artistas, assim como os avanços tecnológicos e sociais ocorridos na sociedade, e o advento da importância do setor de serviços na economia paulista. As necessidades deste novo perfil de hóspedes, por sua vez, se refletiram principalmente em mais áreas públicas e sociais em hotéis centrais, especialmente áreas de eventos, e consequentemente na duplicação das áreas de apoio necessárias para a operação destes hotéis.

Sedimentary processes are critical geological phenomena in the evolution of continental margins. Environmental forces from various temporal and spatial scales control these processes. Due to the fast increase of anthropogenic activities in marine environments, these studies on sedimentary processes and their products are becoming increasingly necessary. In this context, geophysical data, such as high-resolution 2D seismic reflection profiles, are efficient tools to characterize sedimentary processes and deposits. This study aimed to map and interpret different types of echo character on the continental shelf of the São Paulo Bight to increase the knowledge of the spatial variability of sedimentary processes in current-dominated shelf settings. With this aim, 120 seismic lines, almost 3200 km in length, have been analyzed in conjunction with 451 surficial sediment samples. Based on the broad-scale seafloor morphology, microtopography and seismic characteristics (e.g., sharpness, amplitude, continuity) of sub-bottom reflections, seven echo types distributed in three echo classes were identified in the study area. Type 1-1 is a flat seafloor with either no or low-amplitude sub-bottom reflectors, mainly observed in the middle shelf; type 1-2 is a flat sea floor with medium to high-amplitude sub-bottom reflectors also found in middle shelf settings; type 1-3 is defined by a transparent acoustic response below the seafloor evolving downsection into a highly reflective pattern that covers most of the inner shelf; type 1-4 presents a flat seafloor molded by regularly spaced undulations, and it is restricted to the outer shelf; type 2-1 consists of mounds with no internal reflectors also located on the outer shelf; type 3-1 is an irregular echo with prolonged internal reflectors found around the São Sebastião Island; finally, type 3-2 is a broad irregular echo with high relief variations mainly found in the outer shelf. The analysis of the seismic survey allowed recognizing that the distribution of the echoes reflects not only the composition of the seabed but also the sedimentary processes that acted during the deposition of the material. In the inner shelf and middle shelves, the Brazilian Coastal Current and the action of waves are the main processes responsible for the echo types found, while the outer shelf echo types are strongly influenced by the Brazil Current. / Processos sedimentares são fenômenos importantes na evolução das margens continentais. Esses processos são controlados por forçantes de várias escalas espaciais e temporais. Devido ao rápido crescimento das atividades antropogênicas em ambientes marinhos, estudos sobre processos sedimentares e seus produtos tem se tornado cada vez mais necessários. Nesse contexto, dados geofísicos, como perfis de sísmica de reflexão de alta resolução, são ferramentas importantes na caracterização desses processos e depósitos. O objetivo do estudo foi mapear e interpretar os tipos de caráter de eco na plataforma continental do estado de São Paulo visando aumentar o conhecimento a respeito da variabilidade espacial dos processos sedimentares em plataformas dominadas por correntes. Para alcançar esse objetivo 120 linhas sísmicas totalizando quase 3200 km em extensão foram analisadas em conjunto com 451 amostras sedimentares. Baseados na morfologia de macro e microescala e características sísmicas do sinal acústico de fundo como nitidez, amplitude e continuidade dos refletores, foram identificados 7 tipos de caráter de eco distribuídos em 3 classes (fundo plano, monticular ou irregular). O tipo 1-1 apresenta fundo plano com refletores de sub fundo ausentes ou de baixa amplitude localizado principalmente na plataforma média; o tipo 1-2 refere-se a um fundo plano com refletores internos com amplitudes médias a altas também presente na plataforma média; o tipo 1-3 é definido por uma camada superficial transparente que é substituída em profundidade por uma camada altamente refletiva que cobre grande parte da plataforma interna; o eco 1-4 apresenta fundo moldado por ondulações com localização restrita na plataforma externa; o tipo 2-1 consiste em montes sem refletores internos localizado próximo a quebra da plataforma; o tipo 3-1 é irregular com refletores internos prolongados e é encontrado ao sul da Ilha de São Sebastião; finalmente, o eco 3-2 é um eco irregular que apresenta grandes variações de relevo presente em grande parte da plataforma externa. A análise dos dados sísmicos permitiu o reconhecimento de que os ecos respondem não somente a composição sedimentar superficial, mas também os processos sedimentares que atuaram durante a deposição do material. Nas plataformas interna e média, a Corrente Costeira Brasileira e a ação de ondas geradas pelos ventos são os principais processos responsáveis pela geração dos ecos encontrados, enquanto na plataforma externa, os tipos de eco são fortemente influenciados pela Corrente do Brasil.

The Brazilian Equatorial Margin is a transform passive margin with long fracture zones and several seamounts, including the Ceará Plateau, as the largest one. This is a very complex and poorly known area, with very few available research data. The geophysical approach was used to achieve a better understanding, and to guide further surveys. Gravity and magnetic data from the Equant I Project, seismic published lines and previous studies were applied to make several models and analyses. The gravity and the magnetic anomaly sources seemed to be the same, related to a denser and magnetized basement. It is estimated the basement surface between 800 and 6000 m and the Mohorovičić discontinuity, which is about 22-23 km below the Ceará Plateau. It is also presented and discussed the position of the continent-ocean boundary, recognized at approximately 40 km from the continental shelf, that locate the plateau at the oceanic crust. The area of the transitional crust, with an extension of 40-50 km, represents the altered continental crust, formed during the rift phase, previous to the Atlantic Ocean. The lack of data gives some limitation to the analysis, and add some uncertainties in the results, which are discussed along this thesis. / A Margem Equatorial Brasileira é uma margem passiva transformante com longas zonas de fratura e diversos montes submarinos, incluindo o Platô do Ceará, o maior deles. Essa é uma área muito complexa e pouco conhecida, com poucos dados disponíveis. A abordagem geofísica foi utilizada para alcançar uma melhor compreensão da área e para guiar próximas pesquisas. Dados gravimétricos e magnéticos do Projeto Equant I, linhas sísmicas publicadas e estudos prévios foram aplicados para desenvolver os modelos e as análises. A fonte das anomalias gravimétricas e magnéticas pareceram ser as mesmas, relacionadas a um embasamento mais denso e magnetizado. É estimada a superfície do embasamento entre 800 e 6000 m e a descontinuidade de Mohorovičić, aproximadamente a 22-23 km abaixo do Platô do Ceará. Foi também apresentada e discutida a posição do limite crosta continental-oceânica, aproximadamente a 40 km da plataforma continental, colocando o platô na crosta oceânica. A área da crosta transicional, com uma extensão de 40-50 km, demarca uma crosta continental mais alterada, formada durante a fase rifte, anterior à abertura do Oceano Atlântico. A falta de dados limitou as análises, e certamente implicou em diversas incertezas nos resultados, que são discutidas durante esta dissertação.

Ching, Ka Wai. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2009. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves [69-80]). / Abstract also in Chinese. / Abstract (in English) --- p.ii / Abstract (in Chinese) --- p.v / Acknowledgement --- p.viii / Table of Contents --- p.ix / List of Tables --- p.xii / List of Figures --- p.xiii / Glossary of Terms and Abbreviations --- p.xv / Chapter Chapter 1: --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- Introduction of Atopic Eczema (AE) --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1.1 --- Definition and classification of AE --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1.2 --- Epidemiology --- p.3 / Chapter 1.1.2.1 --- The hygiene hypothesis --- p.5 / Chapter 1.2 --- Pathogenesis and Etiology --- p.6 / Chapter 1.2.1 --- Biphasic type-1/type-2 T-helper lymphocyte (Thl/Th2) immunological responses --- p.6 / Chapter 1.2.2 --- Nature and involvements of immunoglobin E (IgE) --- p.8 / Chapter 1.2.3 --- Microbial colonization --- p.9 / Chapter 1.2.4 --- Cytokines involvement --- p.10 / Chapter 1.2.5 --- Pruritus inducing neurotrophic factors --- p.11 / Chapter 1.2.6 --- "Food allergens, aeroallergens" --- p.12 / Chapter 1.2.7 --- Dysregulation of innate immune system --- p.13 / Chapter 1.2.7.1 --- Dysregulation of antimicrobial peptides --- p.14 / Chapter 1.2.7.2 --- Skin barrier impairment --- p.14 / Chapter 1.2.8 --- Genetic predisposition --- p.15 / Chapter 1.3 --- Assessments of Atopic Eczema (AE) --- p.17 / Chapter 1.3.1 --- AE severity assessment --- p.17 / Chapter 1.3.1.1 --- Scoring of atopic dermatitis (SCORAD) system --- p.17 / Chapter 1.3.1.2 --- Nottingham eczema severity score (NESS) --- p.20 / Chapter 1.3.2 --- Dermatological parameter - skin hydration (SH) and transepidermal water loss (TEWL) --- p.22 / Chapter 1.4 --- Chitinase (CHIA) --- p.22 / Chapter 1.4.1 --- Chitin and CHIA --- p.22 / Chapter 1.4.2 --- Association of acid mammalian chitinase (AMCase) with asthma --- p.23 / Chapter 1.4.3 --- Hygiene hypothesis implies: AMCase and allergy relationship --- p.24 / Chapter Chapter 2: --- Hypothesis and Objectives --- p.25 / Chapter 2.1 --- Hypothesis - based on CHIA involvements in canine AE --- p.25 / Chapter 2.2 --- Hypothesis --- p.25 / Chapter 2.3 --- Objective 226}0ؤ based on AMCase single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) in asthma susceptibility --- p.25 / Chapter 2.4 --- Objectives --- p.27 / Chapter Chapter 3: --- Methodology --- p.28 / Chapter 3.1 --- Recruitment of cases and controls --- p.28 / Chapter 3.2 --- Assessment of clinical parameters --- p.29 / Chapter 3.2.1 --- Scoring of atopic dermatitis (SCORAD) system --- p.29 / Chapter 3.2.2 --- Nottingham eczema severity score (NESS) --- p.29 / Chapter 3.2.3 --- Dermatologic parameters --- p.29 / Chapter 3.2.3.1 --- Cutaneous bacterial colonization --- p.29 / Chapter 3.2.3.2 --- Skin hydration (SH) and transepidermal water loss (TEWL) --- p.30 / Chapter 3.3 --- Peripheral blood collection and genomic deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) extraction --- p.30 / Chapter 3.4 --- Acid mammalian chitinase (AMCase) polymorphism genotyping --- p.31 / Chapter 3.4.1 --- Polymerase chain reactions (PCR) amplification of AMCase gene --- p.31 / Chapter 3.4.1.1 --- List of PCR reagents --- p.32 / Chapter 3.4.1.2 --- Electrophoresis reagents --- p.33 / Chapter 3.4.2 --- Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis of AMCase and confirmation with direct sequencing --- p.33 / Chapter 3.5 --- Statistical analysis --- p.34 / Chapter Chapter 4: --- Results and Data Analysis --- p.36 / Chapter 4.1 --- Results --- p.36 / Chapter 4.1.1 --- Demographic data of cases and controls --- p.36 / Chapter 4.1.2 --- PCR amplification and RFLP analysis of AMCase gene --- p.37 / Chapter 4.1.3 --- PCR cycle sequencing of the PCR fragments --- p.40 / Chapter 4.2 --- Data analysis --- p.41 / Chapter 4.2.1 --- Data overview --- p.41 / Chapter 4.2.2 --- Genotypes distribution of AMCase polymorphisms --- p.43 / Chapter 4.2.2.1 --- Allele frequency comparison of AMCase single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) by chi-square --- p.43 / Chapter 4.2.2.2 --- Allele frequency comparison of AMCase SNPs by logistic regression analysis --- p.44 / Chapter 4.2.3 --- Haplotype frequency estimation via maximum likelihood algorithm --- p.45 / Chapter 4.2.4 --- Association of AMCase polymorphism with Atopic Eczema (AE) clinical parameters --- p.47 / Chapter 4.2.4.1 --- Peripheral blood eosinophil counts --- p.48 / Chapter 4.2.4.2 --- Serum immunoglobin E (IgE) level --- p.49 / Chapter 4.2.4.3 --- Dermatologic factors --- p.49 / Chapter 4.2.4.3.1 --- Cutaneous Staphylococcus aureus colonization --- p.49 / Chapter 4.2.4.3.2 --- Skin hydration (SH) and transepidermal water loss (TEWL) --- p.50 / Chapter Chapter 5: --- Discussion --- p.52 / Chapter 5.1 --- Data overview --- p.52 / Chapter 5.2 --- AMCase rs3806448 polymorphism was significantly different among AE cases and controls --- p.53 / Chapter 5.2.1 --- Allele frequency comparison of AMCase SNPs polymorphisms by chi-square --- p.53 / Chapter 5.2.2 --- Allele frequency comparison of AMCase SNPs polymorphisms by logistic regression analysis --- p.54 / Chapter 5.2.3 --- The possible genetic modification by rs3806448 homozygous recessive genotype --- p.55 / Chapter 5.3 --- "Significant difference of haplotype frequency, 2212 among case-control comparison" --- p.56 / Chapter 5.4 --- Strong associations between AMCase SNPs polymorphisms and clinical parameters of AE --- p.57 / Chapter 5.4.1 --- Peripheral blood eosinophil counts --- p.57 / Chapter 5.4.2 --- Dermatologic factors --- p.58 / Chapter 5.4.2.1 --- Cutaneous Staphylococcus aureus colonization --- p.58 / Chapter 5.4.2.2 --- Skin hydration (SH) and transepidermal water loss (TEWL) --- p.59 / Chapter 5.5 --- Limitation of the present study --- p.59 / Chapter Chapter 6: --- Conclusion and Future Prospect --- p.62 / Chapter 6.1 --- Conclusion --- p.62 / Chapter 6.2 --- Future prospect --- p.62 / Chapter Chapter 7: --- Appendices --- p.64 / Chapter Chapter 8: --- References --- p.69

The Brazilian Equatorial Margin is a transform passive margin with long fracture zones and several seamounts, including the Ceará Plateau, as the largest one. This is a very complex and poorly known area, with very few available research data. The geophysical approach was used to achieve a better understanding, and to guide further surveys. Gravity and magnetic data from the Equant I Project, seismic published lines and previous studies were applied to make several models and analyses. The gravity and the magnetic anomaly sources seemed to be the same, related to a denser and magnetized basement. It is estimated the basement surface between 800 and 6000 m and the Mohorovičić discontinuity, which is about 22-23 km below the Ceará Plateau. It is also presented and discussed the position of the continent-ocean boundary, recognized at approximately 40 km from the continental shelf, that locate the plateau at the oceanic crust. The area of the transitional crust, with an extension of 40-50 km, represents the altered continental crust, formed during the rift phase, previous to the Atlantic Ocean. The lack of data gives some limitation to the analysis, and add some uncertainties in the results, which are discussed along this thesis. / A Margem Equatorial Brasileira é uma margem passiva transformante com longas zonas de fratura e diversos montes submarinos, incluindo o Platô do Ceará, o maior deles. Essa é uma área muito complexa e pouco conhecida, com poucos dados disponíveis. A abordagem geofísica foi utilizada para alcançar uma melhor compreensão da área e para guiar próximas pesquisas. Dados gravimétricos e magnéticos do Projeto Equant I, linhas sísmicas publicadas e estudos prévios foram aplicados para desenvolver os modelos e as análises. A fonte das anomalias gravimétricas e magnéticas pareceram ser as mesmas, relacionadas a um embasamento mais denso e magnetizado. É estimada a superfície do embasamento entre 800 e 6000 m e a descontinuidade de Mohorovičić, aproximadamente a 22-23 km abaixo do Platô do Ceará. Foi também apresentada e discutida a posição do limite crosta continental-oceânica, aproximadamente a 40 km da plataforma continental, colocando o platô na crosta oceânica. A área da crosta transicional, com uma extensão de 40-50 km, demarca uma crosta continental mais alterada, formada durante a fase rifte, anterior à abertura do Oceano Atlântico. A falta de dados limitou as análises, e certamente implicou em diversas incertezas nos resultados, que são discutidas durante esta dissertação.

Les laves alcalines continentales dérivent de magmas mantelliques, riches en éléments volatils, et se sont mises en place, soit dans un environnement orogénique, à proximité des zones de subduction, soit dans un environnement intracontinental éloigné de toute zone de subduction active. Leur genèse implique la fusion partielle des sources mantelliques soit à des profondeurs relativement faibles (<150 km), soit à plus grandes profondeurs (> 150 km) pouvant même atteindre le sommet de la zone de transition du manteau. Au niveau du plateau turco-iranien, les laves alcalines d'âge inférieur à 80 Ma présentent des signatures géochimiques pointant vers deux types de sources, c'est-à-dire des sources influencées par la subduction et d'autres intra-plaques (" OIB-like basalts "). Sur la base de la teneur en SiO2 et de l'indice d'alcalinité, les laves peuvent être regroupées en trois types principaux, les groupes I, II et II. Les groupes I et II sont des laves potassiques/ultra-potassiques et alcalines sodiques avec des compositions chimiques soit influencés par la subduction soit de type OIB, alors que les laves du groupe III ont une composition transitoire entre les séries fortement potassiques calco-alcalines à alcalines dont la composition est influencée par les processus de subduction. En particulier, la chaîne de Salavat, située au nord-ouest de l'Iran, est caractérisée par des laves (coulées, "pillow-lavas") présentant une population abondante de macrocristaux de clinopyroxène zonés. La comparaison des variations de la composition chimiques de ces cristaux zonés avec les éléments majeurs et traces sur roche totale montre que les différentes populations de clinopyroxènes zonés sont représentatives des magmas du groupe I et / ou II. Notre synthèse des images les plus récentes de tomographie sismique montre la présence d'un grand ensemble de corps elliptiques à faible vitesse sismique, d'une taille d'environ 100 km, que nous avons appelés " Poche de compaction ", dispersés entre ~ 400 km et 100 km de profondeur. Un modèle est développé montrant que la faible vitesse sismique des " Poche de compaction " résulte de la percolation et de la concentration dans ces grandes poches, de magmas riches en éléments volatils libérées à environ 410 km de profondeur dans le "Big Mantle Wedge". Ces magmas riches en éléments volatils interagissent avec le manteau environnant à une température inférieure de ~ 100 à 200 ° C à celle de l'adiabat mantellique subcontinental habituel, ce qui entraîne finalement la précipitation de phases minérales hydratées et carbonatées à ~ 8 -6,5 GPa, la fusion partielle du manteau métasomatisé, entre 6,5 GPa et 4 GPa, et enfin la précipitation de phases minérales hydratées / carbonées en dessous de 4 GPa. L'extraction de ces magmas s'effectue par l'intermédiaire d'un essaim de dykes qui se déclenche lorsque le sommet du Poche de compaction traverse successivement ces profondeurs critiques: ~ 240 km (8 GPa), ~ 165 km (5,5 GPa) et ~ 135 km (4,5 GPa). Il est montré que les trois groupes de laves (groupe I, II et III) peuvent être liés à ces trois événements successifs d'extraction à l'état fondu. Il est frappant de constater que la zonation des cristaux de clinopyroxène dans les laves de Salavat peut être représentative d'un magma du groupe I transporté par un dyke généré à 240 km de profondeur, qui se met en place près de la transition spinelle-grenat dans le manteau supérieur où il cristallise partiellement. Environ 0,3 Ma plus tard, lorsqu'un filon produit à 135 km de profondeur transportant un magma du groupe II traverse cette interface, il piège un assemblage partiellement cristallisé du magma du groupe I. Par la suite, ces deux magmas mélangés peuvent se mettre en place dans les niveaux superficiels froids de la croute où ils se solidifient simultanément. Ceci explique pourquoi les cristaux zonés de clinopyroxènes sont en équilibre avec différents types de magmas alcalins. / Continental alkaline lavas are volatile-rich mantle derived magmas erupted either in orogenic setting, close to subduction zones, or in intracontinental setting far away from any active subduction zone. Their genesis involves partial melting of mantle sources either at shallow depths (< 150 km) or either at greater depths (> 150 km) down to the top of the Mantle Transition Zone. In the Turkish-Iranian Plateau, alkaline lavas younger than 80 Ma have geochemical signatures pointing to both types, i.e. subduction-influenced and intraplate (Oceanic Island Basalt-like). Based on SiO2 content and alkalinity index, the lavas can be grouped into three main types, group I, II and II. Groups I and II are ultrapotassic-potassic and sodic alkaline lavas with subduction-influenced and Oceanic Island Basalt-like chemical patterns, respectively whereas group III lavas have a transient composition between high-K calc-alkaline to calc-alkaline series with subduction-influenced chemical patterns. Particularly the Salavat Range, located in NW Iran, is characterised by lavas (flow, pillow structures dykes) displaying an abundant population of zoned clinopyroxene macrocrysts. A combination of mineral chemistry of the zoning patterns with the bulk rock major and trace element features evidence that the different populations of zoned clinopyroxene are representative of melts of group I and/or II. Our synthesis of the most recent available seismic tomography images show the presence of a large set of elliptic, ~100 km size, low velocities bodies, we named "Compaction pockets", scattered from ~400 km up to ~ 100 km depth. A model is developed showing that the low velocity of the compaction pockets result from the percolation and concentration into large pockets of volatile-rich melt liberated at ~ 410 km depth in the "Big Mantle Wedge". It is shown to result from interaction of volatile-rich melts with the surrounding mantle at a temperature ~100-200 °C lower than the usual sub-continental mantle adiabat, which eventually results in the precipitation of hydrated and carbonated mineral phases at ~8-6.5 GPa, partial melting of metasomatized mantle at 6.5 down to 4 GPa and finally in the precipitation of hydrated/carbonated phases below 4 GPa. Melt extraction occurs via swarm of dykes triggered when the top of the compaction pocket successively crosses these critical depths: ~240 km (8GPa), ~165 km (5.5 GPa) and ~135 km (4.5 GPa). It is shown that the three groups of lavas (group I, II and III) may be linked to these three successive melt extraction events. Strikingly, the clinopyroxene zonings recorded in the Salavat Range lavas may be representative of group I melt transported by a dyke generated at 240 km depth which pond close to the spinel-garnet mantle transition and eventually partially crystalized there. About 0.3 Ma later, when a 135 km deep dyke transporting a group II melt crosses that last interface, it traps partially crystalized assemblage of group I melt. Thereafter, the couple of mantle-derived melts may pound in a cold horizon where they simultaneously solidify and can explain the formation of clinopyroxene zonings in equilibrium with different alkaline melts.

Este estudo tem como objetivo estudar o fósforo total e as especiações de fósforo nos sedimentos superficiais associados aos processos biogeoquímicos em dois sistemas estuarinos, na plataforma continental sudeste e na região polar antártica. Amostras de água de fundo foram coletadas em dois períodos sazonais (verão-inverno) nos estuários sob diferentes graus de impacto ambiental antrópico. A metodologia de extração das frações de (SEDEX) aplicada para obter as especiações químicas de fósforo foi testada com padrões certificados antes das análises. Os resultados foram reprodutivos e a eficiência da extração foi aceitável. As concentrações das espécies químicas de fósforo sedimentar nos dois estuários mostraram diferenças entre os setores seguindo as características granulométricas, influência da maré, condições redox das águas de fundo bem como, as ações antrópicas reveladas pelos dados quantitativos e qualitativos. Uma influência sazonal mínima foi observada. No caso da plataforma sudeste, altos valores de matéria orgânica foram observados em núcleos ao longo da plataforma, junto às estações externas das radiais de Santos e Ilha Grande mostrando uma diferenciação acompanhada pelas frações de fósforo orgânico e carbono orgânico. Nas demais radiais, altos valores de CaCO3 foram observados nas estações mais externas. Na Baía do Almirantado as frações predominantes foram P mineral, P detrítico, P-ligado à apatita autigênica, sendo que a forma orgânica foi baixa e associada a baixos valores de carbono orgânico. A quantificação e distribuição das espécies de fósforo nos sedimentos constituem importante ferramenta para compreender o ciclo biogeoquímico do fósforo e dos demais nutrientes nos ecossistemas marinhos. / This work aims to study the total and chemical species of phosphorus in the surface sediments associated to the biogeochemical processes in two estuarine systems, the southeastern continental shelf and Antarctic polar region. Bottom water samples were collected in two seasonal periods (summer-winter) in the estuaries under different degrees of environmental anthorpic impacts. The fraction extraction methodology (SEDEX) applied to obtain the chemical phosphorus species was tested in relation to the certified standards before analyses. The results were reproductive and the extraction efficiency was acceptable. The chemical species concentrations of sedimentary phosphorus in the two estuarine systems showed differences between sectors following the granulometric characteristics, tide influence, redox conditions of the bottom waters as well as anthropic actions revealed by quantitative and qualitative data. A minimum seasonal influence was observed. In the case of eastern continental shelf, high values of organic matter were found in nuclei distribution along the platform in the external stations of Santos and Ilha Grande radials showing a differentiation accompanied by organic phosphorus and C org., fractions. In the other radials high CaCO3 values were observed in the external stations. In the Admiralty Bay the predominant fractions were detrital apatite and authigenic/biogenic apatite, being that organic form was low, linked to low values of organic carbon. The quantification and distribution of P species in the sediments constitute important tools to understand the P and the other nutrient biogeochemical cycles in the sea ecosystems

Este estudo tem como objetivo estudar o fósforo total e as especiações de fósforo nos sedimentos superficiais associados aos processos biogeoquímicos em dois sistemas estuarinos, na plataforma continental sudeste e na região polar antártica. Amostras de água de fundo foram coletadas em dois períodos sazonais (verão-inverno) nos estuários sob diferentes graus de impacto ambiental antrópico. A metodologia de extração das frações de (SEDEX) aplicada para obter as especiações químicas de fósforo foi testada com padrões certificados antes das análises. Os resultados foram reprodutivos e a eficiência da extração foi aceitável. As concentrações das espécies químicas de fósforo sedimentar nos dois estuários mostraram diferenças entre os setores seguindo as características granulométricas, influência da maré, condições redox das águas de fundo bem como, as ações antrópicas reveladas pelos dados quantitativos e qualitativos. Uma influência sazonal mínima foi observada. No caso da plataforma sudeste, altos valores de matéria orgânica foram observados em núcleos ao longo da plataforma, junto às estações externas das radiais de Santos e Ilha Grande mostrando uma diferenciação acompanhada pelas frações de fósforo orgânico e carbono orgânico. Nas demais radiais, altos valores de CaCO3 foram observados nas estações mais externas. Na Baía do Almirantado as frações predominantes foram P mineral, P detrítico, P-ligado à apatita autigênica, sendo que a forma orgânica foi baixa e associada a baixos valores de carbono orgânico. A quantificação e distribuição das espécies de fósforo nos sedimentos constituem importante ferramenta para compreender o ciclo biogeoquímico do fósforo e dos demais nutrientes nos ecossistemas marinhos. / This work aims to study the total and chemical species of phosphorus in the surface sediments associated to the biogeochemical processes in two estuarine systems, the southeastern continental shelf and Antarctic polar region. Bottom water samples were collected in two seasonal periods (summer-winter) in the estuaries under different degrees of environmental anthorpic impacts. The fraction extraction methodology (SEDEX) applied to obtain the chemical phosphorus species was tested in relation to the certified standards before analyses. The results were reproductive and the extraction efficiency was acceptable. The chemical species concentrations of sedimentary phosphorus in the two estuarine systems showed differences between sectors following the granulometric characteristics, tide influence, redox conditions of the bottom waters as well as anthropic actions revealed by quantitative and qualitative data. A minimum seasonal influence was observed. In the case of eastern continental shelf, high values of organic matter were found in nuclei distribution along the platform in the external stations of Santos and Ilha Grande radials showing a differentiation accompanied by organic phosphorus and C org., fractions. In the other radials high CaCO3 values were observed in the external stations. In the Admiralty Bay the predominant fractions were detrital apatite and authigenic/biogenic apatite, being that organic form was low, linked to low values of organic carbon. The quantification and distribution of P species in the sediments constitute important tools to understand the P and the other nutrient biogeochemical cycles in the sea ecosystems

Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-08T17:00:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Gisele.pdf: 3200209 bytes, checksum: 97713e77f4623fdd4605278ee0dd1e09 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-11-29 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This thesis aims at the analysis of the urban transformations and the revitalization of spaces in Florianopolis, from the case of urban intervention performed in the construction of the Beira- Mar Continental avenue, in the Estreito neighborhood, and its project was developed in the late 1960s and the works started in 2004. From testimonies of residents of the neighborhood, gathered by the Oral History methodology, reports published in newspapers, official documents, photographs and maps, the narrative comes to understanding the healing process and realize the sociability built in this space. In order to present the city as a tourism product, its administration attracts a large mass of population, with no control, however, over its growth and the impact on the infrastructure, resulting in a fragmented urban fabric. The process of gentrification that occurs through the construction of the avenue by the sea on the mainland, due to a series of discourses of revitalization of the area and real estate development, tourism and trade. Projects involving the creation of a port, new roads to the island as the metro area, and public-private investments generate a growing distortion of the reality and the needs of the communities living there. Expectations and possibilities that collide and clash daily in search of a desire to modernize or to remain as a residential corner of the neighborhood. These are issues addressed throughout the text from a town from below and also connected with the place where it operates / Esta dissertação tem como objetivo analisar as transformações urbanas e a revitalização de espaços em Florianópolis, a partir do caso da intervenção urbana realizada na construção da avenida Beira-Mar Continental, no bairro Estreito, tendo seu projeto sido elaborado no final da década de 1960 e as obras iniciadas em 2004. A partir de testemunhos de moradores do bairro, colhidos através da metodologia da História Oral, de notícias publicadas nos jornais, documentos oficiais, imagens fotográficas e mapas a narrativa trata de compreender o processo de revitalização e perceber as sociabilidades construídas neste espaço. Com o intuito de apresentar a cidade como um produto turístico, a sua administração passa a atrair uma grande massa de população sem que se tenha o controle sobre o crescimento e sobre a infraestrutura oferecida, resultando em uma malha urbana fragmentada. O processo de gentrificação que ocorre para a construção da avenida à beira-mar no Continente decorre de uma série de discursos de revitalização da área e de uma especulação imobiliária, turística e comercial. Projetos que envolvem a criação de um porto, de novos acessos viários com a ilha, como o metrô de superfície, e investimentos público-privados geram uma crescente distorção da realidade e das necessidades primeiras das comunidades que ali residem. Expectativas e possibilidades que se chocam e se enfrentam cotidianamente em busca de um desejo de modernizar-se ou de permanecer como um recanto residencial do bairro. Estas são questões abordadas ao longo do texto a partir de uma cidade vista de baixo e também interligada com o lugar onde está inserida

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-13T17:08:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 SamiaFL.pdf: 2363626 bytes, checksum: 8067b8065fc31135e35d263ce60bc5e0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-03-15 / The brazilian marginal basins have a huge potential to generate and accumulate petroleum. Incised valleys which are eroded in response to a fall of relative sea level are related to potential reservoir as well, modern drowned-valley estuaries serve as harbors to petroleum and salt industries, fisheries, waste-disposal sites and recreational areas for a significant fraction of the world s population. The combined influence of these factors has produced a dramatic increase in research on modern and ancient incised-valley systems. This research is one expression of this interest. The integrated use of satellites images and high resolution seismic (bathymetry, sides scan sonar) was used on the Apodi River mouth-RN to characterizes the continental shelf This area is located at the Potiguar Basin in the NE Brazilian Equatorial Atlantic margin. Through bathymetric and side scan sonar data processing, a digital Terrain Model was developed, and a detailed geomorphologic analysis was performed. In this way was possible to recognize the geomorphologic framework and differents sismofacies, which may influence this area. A channel extending from the ApodiMossor? river mouth to the shelf edge dominates the investigated area. This structure can be correlated with the former river valley developed during the late Pleistocene sea level fall. This channel has two main directions (NW-SE and NE-SW) probably controlled by the Potiguar Basin structures. The western margin of the channel is relatively steep and pronounced whereas the eastern margin consists only of a gentle slope. Longitudinal bedforms and massive ridges also occur. The first are formed doe to the shelf sediment rework and the reef-like structures probably are relics of submerged beachrock-lines indicating past shoreline positions during the deglacial sea-level rise. The sub-bottom seismic data allow the identification of different sismic patterns and a marcant discontinuity, interpreted as the Upper / As bacias marginais brasileiras t?m um grande potencial gerador e acumulador de petr?leo, em geral associados a um sistema de vales incisos que s?o desenvolvidos em resposta a queda do n?vel do mar. Esses sistemas est?o diretamente relacionados com atividades econ?micas desenvolvidas em regi?es costeiras, como portos para ind?stria petrol?fera, salineira, pesqueira e atividades recreativa para uma significante fra??o da popula??o mundial. Esta disserta??o apresenta a caracteriza??o geomorfol?gica e paleogeogr?fica da plataforma continental brasileira adjacente ? foz do rio Apodi-Mossor?/RN, atrav?s do uso integrado de imagens de sat?lite e geof?sica de alta resolu??o (batimetria, s?smica e sonar de varredura lateral). Essa regi?o est? localizada na Bacia Potiguar, na Margem Equatorial Atl?ntica. A partir dos dados batimetricos, foi confeccionado e aferido um modelo digital de terreno (MOT), e desenvolvida uma an?lise geomorfol?gica detalhada, que integrada aos dados hidrodin?micos proporcionou uma melhor compreens?o dos fatores oceanogr?ficos atuantes na regi?o, de forma a entender a resposta geomorfol?gica dessa regi?o afogada pela r?pida subida do n?vel do mar, no Holoceno. A principal fei??o identificada foi um canal submerso na plataforma interna, provavelmente relacionado com o sistema de vales incisos formado durante o rebaixamento do n?vel do mar no Pleistoceno. O canal tem duas dire??es principais (NW-SE e NE-SW), aparentemente controladas pelas estruturas tect?nicas da Bacia Potiguar. A margem oeste do canal ? relativamente soerguida em rela??o ? margem leste. Este soerguimento ? aqui relacionado ? presen?a do Alto de Icapu? a oeste da ?rea. Recifes e dunas submersas tamb?m est?o presentes na ?rea. Os recifes relacionados a estruturas reliquiares submersas como rochas de praia podendo indicar antigas linhas de costa posicionadas durante a subida do n?vel do mar. Com base nos dados s?smicos, foi poss?vel identificar uma descontinuidade presente em todas a ?rea interpretada como o limite Pleistoceno Superior/Holoceno Inferior, bem como sismof?cies referentes a diferentes padr?es de preenchimento e sedimenta??o do canal submerso e da plataforma durante a subida do n?vel do mar no Holoceno