Conclusions: In the same number of people treated, the number of CVD events avoided for the overall risk approach is always larger than that of the blood pressure approach. The additional benefits of overall risk approach compared with the blood pressure approach decreases as the percentage of people from the total population is increased. If the current practice and hypertension guidelines in China are shifted to the overall risk approach, many more CVD events could be avoided with the same resources used. / Methods: The sample used in the analyses includes a subsample of 38,673 persons from the 2002 China National Nutrition and Health Survey, who were 30-74 years old, without previous CVD, and had data on all major CVD risk factors. CVD risks of the patients selected by each approach are predicted using suitable risk prediction equation. The RRR of anti-hypertensive drug treatment derived from meta-analyses of RCTs. The difference in the absolute effectiveness between the two approaches is used to quantify how many more CVD events can be prevented in 1000 people treated by the ORA as compared to the BPA. / Objective: To estimate and compare the number of major cardiovascular events that could be avoided by shifting the blood pressure approach to the overall risk approach if the same percentage of people in a large, representative Chinese population is treated with anti-hypertensive drugs. / Results: When 2.5%, 5.5%, 10.1%, 15.5%, 20.7%, 25.7% or 33.0% of the 38,673 subjects were treated by anti-hypertensive drugs by using the two approaches respectively, 22 (95%CI: 17∼28), 13 (11∼16), 9 (8∼10), 7 (6∼8), 6 (5∼7), 5 (4∼6), or 4 (3∼4) more CVD events could be avoided in every 1000 people treated if the blood pressure approach is shifted to the overall risk approach, which is in general a 15% to 25% increase in CVD events prevented. / Qin, Ying. / Adviser: Jin Ling Tang. / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 73-02, Section: B, page: . / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2010. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 116-121). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Electronic reproduction. [Ann Arbor, MI] : ProQuest Information and Learning, [201-] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Abstract also in Chinese.

Xiang Hai Liao. / "July 2002." / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2002. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 180-200). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, MI : ProQuest Information and Learning Company, [200-] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Mode of access: World Wide Web. / Abstracts in English and Chinese.

Submitted by Edisangela Bastos (edisangela@ufpa.br) on 2013-08-02T20:56:19Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) Dissertacao_VariacaoGeograficaOsteocephalus.pdf: 5143881 bytes, checksum: a70a57c92d7d8f6435a6707e91562106 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ana Rosa Silva(arosa@ufpa.br) on 2013-08-21T16:54:03Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) Dissertacao_VariacaoGeograficaOsteocephalus.pdf: 5143881 bytes, checksum: a70a57c92d7d8f6435a6707e91562106 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-08-21T16:54:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) Dissertacao_VariacaoGeograficaOsteocephalus.pdf: 5143881 bytes, checksum: a70a57c92d7d8f6435a6707e91562106 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2001 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / MPEG - Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi / Osteocephalus taurinus é uma espécie nominal de ampla distribuição na Amazônia e nos llanos do Orinoco. Sua grande variação morfológica indica que se trata de um complexo de espécies. O presente estudo examina a variação geográfica de vários caracteres morfológicos e morfométricos da espécie nominal, avalia a hipótese de tratar-se de fato um complexo de espécies; e testa a teoria da atual distribuição das formas, através de padrões biogeográficos, ecológicos e de regímen de precipitação já definidos. A partir de 431 espécimes estudados foram selecionadas 16 populações, nas quais foram analisados 20 caracteres anatômicos internos, 14 caracteres morfométricos e seis caracteres morfológicos externos. Através de análises estatística e mapas de isolinhas evidenciou-se que O. taurinus não se trata de um complexo de espécies e sim possui uma grande variação intra e interpopulacional das caraterísticas morfométricas e morfológicas. Simultaneamente, foram observados caracteres anatômicos internos polimórficos. O primeiro componente obtido através de uma análise de componentes principais mostra uma variação clinal do tamanho corporal ao longo da distribuição geográfica total, mais evidente nos machos. Em outros caracteres analisados, a variação fico independente do cline. O padrão espacial do tamanho indicou que as formas maiores ocorrem nas terras baixas da Amazônia, onde a vegetação de floresta ombrofila divide as áreas de cerrado ao norte e ao sul do continente sul americano. Nestas últimas áreas, ocorrem com maior intensidade as formas menores. Esta distribuição espacial não se explicou através das divisões propostas por outros autores para Amazônia, o que pode ser devido a um mascaramento gerado pela grande variação intrapopulacional. O modelo espacial do tamanho corporal de O. taurinus não corresponde a um padrão de isolamento por distância, o que pode sugerir que a colonização da espécie em algumas áreas seja recente. Este estudo confirma a hipótese da origem do gênero no início do Plioceno, o que indica que O. taurinus teria tido tempo suficiente para se dispersar antes do surgimento dos Andes como barreira geográfica. / Osteocephalus taurinus is an Amazonian and Orinochian nominal species with a wide geographic distribution. Its great morphologic variation has suggested that O. taurinus is in fact a species complex. This study examines the geographic variation of morphometric and morphologic characters. The species complex hypothesis is tested. Simultaneously, in order to explain the present body form distribution by biogeographic, rainfall and ecological patterns previously established for Amazonia, these patterns were assessed. From total 431 specimens studied, 16 populations were selected for analysis 20 of inner anatomic structures, 14 morphometric and 6 morphologic external characteres. Statistical analyses and isoline maps indicated that O. taurinus not is a especies complex and exist a interpopulation and intrapopulation variation on the morphometry and morphology of O. taurinus. Polymorphic anatomical characters ocurrs in this species. The first axis of a principal component analysis showed a clinal variation of body size along the entire geographic distribution was most plainly evident in males. Clinal variaton in other characters studied was independent of cline. Spatial size distribution indicated the largest specimens occur in the Amazon lands low, where rainforest vegetation divides savanna areas to the north and south of South America. These two last areas more often presented the smaller forms. In this study, the distribution observed for O. taurinus was not explained by traditional divisions of Amazonia, and suggest some noise generated by high intrapopulational variation. This spatial model of O. taurhius body size did not show a pattern of isolation by distance, which may suggest a recent arca colonization by this species. Simultaneusly, the study confirms the early Pliocenic origin hypothesis for Osteocephalus, which allowed O. taurinus had time to disperse before the Andes emerged as a geographical barrier.

Submitted by Edisangela Bastos (edisangela@ufpa.br) on 2013-09-05T14:35:19Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) Dissertacao_RevisaoTaxonomicaGenero.pdf: 28841745 bytes, checksum: 691907b2f62b86295505bf02770827cd (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ana Rosa Silva(arosa@ufpa.br) on 2013-09-10T13:01:37Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) Dissertacao_RevisaoTaxonomicaGenero.pdf: 28841745 bytes, checksum: 691907b2f62b86295505bf02770827cd (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-09-10T13:01:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) Dissertacao_RevisaoTaxonomicaGenero.pdf: 28841745 bytes, checksum: 691907b2f62b86295505bf02770827cd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005 / O gênero Xeropigo O. Pickard-Cambridge é revisado, com a proposição de sete espécies novas neotropicais.: X. candango, com base em machos e fêmeas de Brasília, Distrito Federal e Goiás, Brasil; X. rheánsae, com base em machos de Goiás, Brasil; X. camilae, com base em machos e fêmeas do norte e centro-oeste do Brasil; X. cotijuba, com base em machos e fêmeas do norte e centro-oeste do Brasil; X. pachitea, machos e fêmeas de Huánuco e Cajamarca, Peru; X. perene, com base em fêmeas de Junin e Loreto, Peru; X. brescoviti com base em machos de Beni, Bolívia. As espécies anteriormente conhecidas, X. tridentiger (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1869), espécie-tipo, descrita da ilha de Santa Helena, mas também registrada nas Américas do sul e Central e X. sinedigaari (Caporiacco, 1955), do norte da Venezuela e Trinidad, são rediagnosticadas sendo fornecidos novos registras e ilustrações de X. tridentiger. Uma chave dicotômica para todas as nove espécies conhecidas, bem como um mapa de distribuição georreferenciado para as espécies aqui propostas são também fornecidos. / The genus Xeropigo O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1882 is revised, with the proposition of seven neotropical new species. X. candango, based in males and females from Brasília, Distrito Federal and Goiás, Brazil; X. rheimsae, based in males from Goiás, Brazil; X. camilae, in males and females from north and middle west of Brazil; X. cotijuba, in males and females from floral and middle west of Brazil; X. pachitea, based in males and females from Huánuco and Cajamarca, Peru; X. perene, in females from Junin and Loreto, Peru; X. brescoviti, in males from Bení, Bolivia. The previously known species, X. tridentiger (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1869), type-species, described from Santa Helena Island, Atlantic Ocean, but also known from South and Central Americas, and X. smedigaari (Caporiacco, 1955) from North Venezuela and Trinidad, are readgnosed. New records and illustrations of X. tridentiger are given.

Submitted by Edisangela Bastos (edisangela@ufpa.br) on 2013-11-01T22:05:11Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) Dissertacao_RevisaoTaxonomicaGrupo.pdf: 4372437 bytes, checksum: 78afe98a8285069fc7a418e98cc99119 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ana Rosa Silva(arosa@ufpa.br) on 2013-11-14T14:11:52Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) Dissertacao_RevisaoTaxonomicaGrupo.pdf: 4372437 bytes, checksum: 78afe98a8285069fc7a418e98cc99119 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-11-14T14:11:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) Dissertacao_RevisaoTaxonomicaGrupo.pdf: 4372437 bytes, checksum: 78afe98a8285069fc7a418e98cc99119 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / O gênero Crematogaster é um grupo diverso, com características peculiares e taxonomia complexa. Cerca de 780 espécies e subespécies foram descritas para este gênero, e constantes mudanças são feitas ao longo do tempo devido a sua ampla distribuição geográfica e variedade morfológica. Poucas revisões foram feitas para este gênero, sendo, as existentes, feitas com fauna regional. Neste trabalho, foi feita a revisão taxonômica do grupo de espécies Crematogaster limata, onde foram redescritas sete espécies: Crematogaster brasiliensis Mayr, 1878, C. carinata Mayr, 1862, C. levior Longino, 2003, C. limata Smith, 1858, C. longispina Emery, 1890, C. tenuicula Forel, 1904 e quatro novas espécies foram descritas: Cremastogaster sp. nov. 1, Cremastogaster sp. nov. 2, Crematogaster sp. nov. 3, Crematogaster sp. nov. 4. A variedade Crematogaster longispina var. boliviana foi elevada à categoria de espécie e redescrita. Mapas de distribuição geográfica para todas as espécies e uma chave de identificação específica baseada em operárias são apresentados. / The large number of species, peculiar morphology and its wide geographic distribution make the genus Crematogaster one of the most complex taxonomically among ants. About 780 species and subspecies were described and constants changes are made over time due to its morphological variety. A few revisions only for regional fauna were made for this genus. This study is a taxonomic revision of the species group Crematogaster limata. Six species are redescribed: Crematogaster brasiliensis Mayr, 1878, C. carinata Mayr, 1862, C. levior Longino, 2003, C. Limata Smith, 1858, C. longispina Emery, 1890, C. tenuicula Forel, 1904 and four new species are described: Crematogaster n. sp. 1, Crematogaster n. sp. 2, Crematogaster n. sp. 3, Crematogaster n. sp. 4. The taxa Crematogaster longispina var. boliviana was raised to species level and redescribed. Maps of the geographical distribution for it species and a key for species based in workers are presented.

Submitted by Edisangela Bastos (edisangela@ufpa.br) on 2013-11-01T22:04:04Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) Dissertacao_RevisaoSistematicaFilogeografia.pdf: 1568206 bytes, checksum: e2ec5b83ef9574ae03b0e2d063b0b751 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ana Rosa Silva(arosa@ufpa.br) on 2013-11-14T15:31:19Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) Dissertacao_RevisaoSistematicaFilogeografia.pdf: 1568206 bytes, checksum: e2ec5b83ef9574ae03b0e2d063b0b751 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-11-14T15:31:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) Dissertacao_RevisaoSistematicaFilogeografia.pdf: 1568206 bytes, checksum: e2ec5b83ef9574ae03b0e2d063b0b751 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / Os limites interespecíficos da espécie politípica Deconychura longicauda (Dendrocolaptidae) foram investigados por uma análise conjunta, incluindo caracteres moleculares, morfológicos e vocais. Um total de 1.108 pares de bases de genes mitocondriais Cit b e ND2 foram usados para construir hipóteses filogenéticas, ao passo que os caracteres morfológicos e vocais foram analisados com métodos estatísticos univariado e multivariado. Todas as árvores filogenéticas recuperadas indicam altos níveis de diferenciação genética e estrutura filogeográfica em Deconychura longicauda, com o reconhecimento de quatro grupos principais bem apoiados, geograficamente constituídos por aves (1) do centro de endemismo Guiana no nordeste da América do Sul (2), da bacia amazônica excluindo o escudo das Guianas (3), do sopé oriental dos Andes, e (4), trans-Andinas da América do Sul e América Central. O nível de divergência genética entre estes clados varia de 6-8% (entre as aves Guianenses, não-Guianenses, do sopé dos Andes e trans-Andinas). Embora os caracteres morfológicos contribuam pouco para a diagnose em Deconychura, o canto, por outro lado, consistetemente os distinguem. Nós recomendamos com base, principalmente, em sua diagnose molecular e vocal o desdobramento de D. longicauda nas seguintes espécies filogenéticas e biológicas: Deconychura longicauda, D. pallida, D. zimmeri, D. connectens, D. typica e um táxon ainda não nomeado, endêmico do sopé oriental dos Andes. / The interspecific limits of the polytypic specie Deconychura longicauda (Dendrocolaptidae) were investigated by a combined analysis including molecular, morphological, and vocal characters. A total of 1,108 base pairs of mitochondrial genes Cyt b and ND2 were used to build phylogenetic hypotheses, whereas the morphological and vocal characters were analyzed with univariate and multivariate statistical methods. All recovered trees indicated high levels of genetic differentiation and phylogeographic structure in Deconychura longicauda, with the recognition of four major groups well-supported statistically and geographically consisting of birds from (1) the Guiana area of endemism in northeastern South America, (2) the Amazon basin excluding the Guianan shield, (3) the eastern slope of the Andes and (4) trans-Andean South America and Central America. The levels of genetic divergence between these clades reach 6-8% (among birds from Guianan, non-Guianan, eastern slope of the Andes and, trans-Andean birds). Although morphological characters contribute little to the diagnoses among Deconychura, loudsongs, consistently distinguish them. Based on those analyzes, we recommend the splitting of D. longicauda into the following phylogenetic and biological species based on their molecular and vocal unequivocal diagnoses: Deconychura longicauda, D. pallida, D. zimmeri, D. connectens, D. typica and one yet unnamed taxon endemic to the eastern slope of the Andes.

Submitted by Cleide Dantas (cleidedantas@ufpa.br) on 2014-11-03T13:53:44Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 22974 bytes, checksum: 99c771d9f0b9c46790009b9874d49253 (MD5) Dissertacao_RevisaoTaxonomicaTometes.pdf: 7121679 bytes, checksum: 8953e053a685c9dbeff39f0d355538ae (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ana Rosa Silva (arosa@ufpa.br) on 2014-11-05T12:12:12Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 22974 bytes, checksum: 99c771d9f0b9c46790009b9874d49253 (MD5) Dissertacao_RevisaoTaxonomicaTometes.pdf: 7121679 bytes, checksum: 8953e053a685c9dbeff39f0d355538ae (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-11-05T12:12:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 22974 bytes, checksum: 99c771d9f0b9c46790009b9874d49253 (MD5) Dissertacao_RevisaoTaxonomicaTometes.pdf: 7121679 bytes, checksum: 8953e053a685c9dbeff39f0d355538ae (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Rebio Trombetas / ICMBio - Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade / O gênero Tometes Valenciennes, 1850 foi descrito originalmente para abrigar a espécie-tipo T. trilobatus, por apresentar dentes incisiformes bi- a tricuspidados. No entanto, o gênero foi colocado como sinonímia de Myleus Müller e Troschell, 1844 onde ficou por aproximadamente um século e meio até a sua revalidação. A revalidação do gênero e da espécie-tipo propiciou a descrição de outras duas espécies, T. lebaili e T. makue. O presente estudo apresenta uma revisão taxonômica de Tometes para o escudo das Guianas onde as três espécies nominais são reconhecidas válidas e aqui re-descritas, e uma nova espécie para a bacia do rio Trombetas foi caracterizada, ampliando a diversidade e a área de distribuição do gênero. Dentre as características principais de diagnose das espécies foi observado: T. trilobatus é diagnosticado dos demais congêneres por apresentar dentes no dentário e pré-maxilar com cúspide central com cume baixo e arredondado (vs. dentes com cúspide central ou cúspide principal com cume alto e agudo). T. lebaili é diferenciado por apresentar boca oblíqua orientada dorsalmente (vs. boca terminal). T. makue possui o menor número de espinhos na serra pré-pélvica, sempre entre 0 e 9 espinhos pré-pélvicos (vs. mais de 9 espinhos pré-pélvicos). Já a espécie nova apresenta o perfil dorsal do neurocrânio com uma suave concavidade ao nível da barra epifiseal e tamanho de escamas irregulares sobre o flanco (vs. perfil dorsal do neurocrânio retilíneo e escamas de tamanho regular sobre todo o flanco). Todas as espécies de Tometes são estritamente reofílicas e ocorrem exclusivamente nas zonas encachoeiradas dos rios de escudo, biótopos complexos, frágeis e ameaçados por ações antropogênicas. As conclusões deste estudo destacam o desafio urgente quanto à compreensão das relações espécies/habitat. / The genus Tometes Valenciennes, 1850 was originally described for the typespecies T. trilobatus, by presenting incisiform and bi- tricuspid teeth. However, the genus was synonymized with Myleus Müller and Troschell, 1844 for approximately a century and a half until being revalidated with an addition of two new species descriptions, T. lebaili and T. makue. This study presents a taxonomic review of Tometes from Guyana Shield where the three nominal species are recognized as valid and here were re-described, also a new species from Trombetas basin was described, increasing the diversity and distribution of genus. Among the main characteristics of diagnosis were observed: T. trilobatus is distinguishes from its congeners by having dentary and premaxillary teeth with the central cusp with rounded edge (vs. teeth with the central cusp or principal cusp with sharp edge). T. lebaili differs from others Tometes by having mouth oblique dorsally directed (vs. terminal mouth). T. makue is different by having a few spines on the serrae prepelvic, always between 0 and 9 spines (vs. over 9 spines). Already the new species is distinguished by the neurocranium with a slight concavity at the level of the epiphyseal bar, and also by having scales of irregular size (vs. dorsal profile of the neurocranium without a slight concavity, and scales of regular size). All species of Tometes are strictly rheophilic, and occur exclusively in the rapids of shield rivers, complex and fragile biotopes that are threatened by anthropogenic activities. The conclusions reached by this study highlight the urgent challenge to understand more fully existing species/habitat relationships.

Frontal lobe atrophy (FLA) is associated with late-life depression and cognitive impairment, although the pathogenesis of FLA in stroke is unclear. In an aim to ascertain whether FLA is affected by WMLs, we analyzed the MRIs of 471 Chinese ischemic stroke patients. Lobar atrophy was defined by a widely-used visual rating scale. WML severity was rated using the Fazekas scale. There was no correlation between PVH and DWMH and temporal and parietal atrophy. The results of this study suggest that FLA in ischemic stroke may be associated with SVD. / Poststroke depression (PSD) is the most common form of poststroke psychiatric morbidity. Small subcortical infarcts (SSIs) can result from small vessel disease (SVD) and large artery disease (LAD). No study has yet explored PSD in different etiological types of SSIs. To address this gap, 127 patients with SSIs resulting from LAD or SVD were examined. PSD was evaluated with the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) three months after stroke. The LAD group had a significantly higher frequency of PSD, and LAD was found to be a significant independent risk factor for PSD. This study suggests that cerebral blood perfusion may play an important role in PSD. / Post-stroke emotional lability (PSEL) is a distressing and embarrassing complaint among stroke survivors. Lesions located in various cortical and subcortical areas are thought to be involved in the pathophysiology of PSEL.The clinical significance of microbleeds (MBs) in the development of psychiatric conditions following stroke is unknown. We carried out a study to examine the association between PSEL and MBs in 519 Chinese patients with acute ischemic stroke admitted consecutively. PSEL was evaluated three months after the index stroke, and the number and location of MBs were evaluated with MRI. According to Kim's criteria, 74 (14.3%) of the patients had PSEL. Our results suggest that MBs in the thalamus may play a role in the development of PSEL. The importance of MBs in PSEL and other psychiatric conditions in stroke survivors warrants further investigation. / The first study reported in this thesis involved 328 Chinese ischemic stroke patients who were administered a series of neuropsychological tests covering seven domains three months after stroke. Two hundred and fifty-six of these patients were followed-up for one year. Volumetry of the infarcts, WMLs, and hippocampus atrophy on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was conducted. The prevalence of cognitive impairment was 54.9% at baseline and 52.4% at the one-year follow-up, although most of the patients (85.5%) remained cognitively stable. The evolution of cognitive impairment no dementia (CIND) at the one-year follow-up was bidirectional, with 11.2% progressing to dementia and 21.0% reverting to cognitive intact. WMLs volume rather than hippocampal volume was a significant predictor of cognitive impairment, cognitive decline, and delayed dementia. WMLs also had an independent effect on executive function, attention, visual memory, visuoconstruction, and visuomotor speed. / This thesis investigates the clinical and imaging characterization of cognitive impairment and psychiatric morbidity in Chinese stroke patients. The conclusions of the studies reported herein can be summarized as follows. (1) The prevalence of cognitive impairment is high among Chinese poststroke patients, but most remain cognitively stable at one year after stroke; WMLs rather than hippocampal atrophy predict cognitive impairment, longitudinal cognitive decline, and delayed dementia; (2) DLPFC atrophy is correlated with poor verbal fluency in elderly women with stroke, but not in their male counterparts; (3) LAD may be associated with PSD in patients with small subcortical infarcts; (4) MBs in the thalamus are associated with PSEL; (5) frontal lobe infarction and diabetes may be risk factors of insomnia symptoms in stroke patients; and (6) FLA in ischemic stroke may be associated with SVD. (Abstract shortened by UMI.) / Chen, Yangkun. / Adviser: Wai Kwong Tang. / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 72-04, Section: B, page: . / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2010. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 217-238). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, MI : ProQuest Information and Learning Company, [200-] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Abstract also in Chinese.

Ho Sin Ka Janice. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2008. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 105-119). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Chapter CHAPTER 1. --- Introduction / Chapter 1.1. --- Epidemiology of Type 2 Diabetes --- p.1 / Chapter 1.2. --- Risk factors contributing to Type 2 Diabetes --- p.3 / Chapter 1.2.1. --- Environmental and physiological factors --- p.3 / Chapter 1.2.2. --- Genetic factors --- p.3 / Chapter 1.3. --- Disruption of energy homeostasis in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes --- p.6 / Chapter 1.3.1. --- Clinical spectrum of diabetes --- p.6 / Chapter 1.3.2. --- Insulin as a key regulator of energy homeostasis --- p.7 / Chapter 1.3.3. --- Insulin secretion and glucose metabolism --- p.8 / Chapter 1.3.4. --- Insulin action and lipid metabolism --- p.9 / Chapter 1.3.5. --- Lipotoxicity and glucotoxicity --- p.12 / Chapter 1.3.6. --- Role of transcription factors as metabolic switch --- p.13 / Chapter 1.4. --- Candidate genes implicated in type 2 diabetes susceptibility --- p.15 / Chapter 1.4.1. --- Candidate genes involved in insulin secretion pathway --- p.15 / Chapter 1.4.1.1. --- HNF4A --- p.15 / Chapter 1.4.1.2. --- HNF1A --- p.16 / Chapter 1.4.1.3. --- PDX1/PBX1 --- p.17 / Chapter 1.4.1.4. --- NEUROD1 --- p.17 / Chapter 1.4.1.5. --- GCK --- p.17 / Chapter 1.4.1.6. --- KCNJ11/ABCC8 --- p.18 / Chapter 1.4.2 --- Candidate genes involved in insulin action pathway --- p.19 / Chapter 1.4.2.1. --- PPARG --- p.19 / Chapter 1.4.2.2. --- PPARA --- p.20 / Chapter 1.4.2.3. --- PPARGC1A --- p.20 / Chapter 1.4.2.4. --- ADIP0Q --- p.21 / Chapter 1.4.2.5. --- LPL --- p.21 / Chapter 1.4.2.6. --- UPC --- p.22 / Chapter 1.5. --- Hypothesis and objectives of the study --- p.23 / Chapter CHAPTER 2. --- Materials and methods / Chapter 2.1. --- Study design --- p.25 / Chapter 2.1.1. --- Two-stage candidate gene association design --- p.25 / Chapter 2.1.2. --- Power calculation --- p.27 / Chapter 2.2. --- Study cohort --- p.29 / Chapter 2.2.1. --- Subject recruitment --- p.29 / Chapter 2.2.2. --- Clinical and biochemical measurements --- p.30 / Chapter 2.2.3. --- Clinical definitions --- p.31 / Chapter 2.3. --- Genetic study --- p.32 / Chapter 2.3.1. --- Candidate gene selection --- p.32 / Chapter 2.3.2. --- SNP selection --- p.32 / Chapter 2.3.3. --- DNA sample preparation --- p.35 / Chapter 2.3.4. --- Genotyping methods --- p.36 / Chapter 2.3.4.1. --- Allele specific Tm shift assay --- p.36 / Chapter 2.3.4.2. --- Mass spectrometry assay --- p.40 / Chapter 2.4. --- Data quality control --- p.42 / Chapter 2.4.1. --- Stage 1 --- p.42 / Chapter 2.4.2. --- Stage 2 --- p.42 / Chapter 2.5. --- Statistical analysis --- p.45 / Chapter 2.5.1. --- Stage 1 analysis --- p.45 / Chapter 2.5.2. --- Stage 2 analysis --- p.45 / Chapter 2.5.3. --- Stage 1 and 2 combined analysis --- p.46 / Chapter CHAPTER 3. --- Results / Chapter 3.1. --- Clinical characteristics of subjects in stages 1 and 2 studies --- p.48 / Chapter 3.2. --- Case-control associations in stage 1 --- p.51 / Chapter 3.2.1. --- Association with T2D --- p.51 / Chapter 3.2.2. --- Association with T2D subset by metabolic syndrome --- p.54 / Chapter 3.3. --- Case-control associations in stage 2 --- p.60 / Chapter 3.3.1. --- SNP selection for genotyping --- p.60 / Chapter 3.3.2. --- Association with T2D --- p.63 / Chapter 3.3.3. --- Association with T2D subset by metabolic syndrome --- p.64 / Chapter 3.4. --- Case-control associations in combined stages 1 and 2 --- p.66 / Chapter 3.4.1. --- Association with T2D --- p.66 / Chapter 3.4.2. --- Association with T2D subset by metabolic syndrome --- p.70 / Chapter 3.4.3. --- Association with T2D subset by age at diagnosis --- p.74 / Chapter 3.4.4. --- Association with T2D subset by gender --- p.76 / Chapter 3.4.5. --- Genetic epistasis for T2D association --- p.79 / Chapter 3.5. --- Metabolic traits associations in control subjects in combined stages 1 and 2 studies --- p.83 / Chapter CHAPTER 4. --- Discussion --- p.86 / Chapter 4.1. --- Role of insulin secretion genes in type 2 diabetes --- p.87 / Chapter 4.2. --- Role of insulin action genes in type 2 diabetes --- p.92 / Chapter 4.3. --- Combined genetic effects on risk for type 2 diabetes --- p.97 / Chapter 4.4. --- Summary --- p.98 / Chapter 4.5. --- Limitation of this study and future direction --- p.101 / REFERENCES --- p.104 / APPENDICES --- p.119 / Chapter Appendix 1: --- Gene structure and linkage disequilibrium of genotyped SNPs of candidate genes --- p.119 / Chapter Appendix 2: --- Information of SNPs genotyped in stage 1 --- p.130 / Chapter Appendix 3: --- T2D association results (additive model) of 152 SNPs for stage 1 case- control samples --- p.137 / Chapter Appendix 4: --- T2D association results (additive model) of 152 SNPs for stage 1 case- control samples subset by metabolic syndrome status in cases --- p.144 / Chapter Appendix 5: --- T2D association results (additive model) of 22 SNPs for stage 2 case- control samples --- p.151 / Chapter Appendix 6: --- T2D association results (additive model) of 22 SNPs for stage 2 case- control samples subset by metabolic syndrome status in cases --- p.153

Wong, Ling Yee. / Thesis submitted in: August 2007. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2008. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 110-127). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Thesis Abstract --- p.i / 論文摘要 --- p.iv / Acknowledgements --- p.vi / Abbreviations --- p.vii / Thesis Content --- p.xii / List of Figures --- p.xv / List of Tables --- p.xvii / Chapter Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter Chapter 2 --- Literature Review --- p.3 / Chapter 2.1. --- Multiple Myeloma (MM) --- p.3 / Chapter 2.1.1 --- Epidemiology --- p.4 / Chapter 2.1.2 --- Cause and Risk Factors --- p.5 / Chapter 2.1.3 --- Pathophysiology --- p.5 / Chapter 2.1.4 --- Diagnosis and Clinical Presentation --- p.6 / Chapter 2.1.5 --- Classification of Plasma Cell Disorders --- p.6 / Chapter 2.1.5.1 --- Monoclonal Gammopathy of Undetermined Significance (MGUS) --- p.6 / Chapter 2.1.5.2 --- Asymptomatic (Smouldering) MM --- p.7 / Chapter 2.1.5.3 --- Indolent MM --- p.7 / Chapter 2.1.5.4 --- Symptomatic MM --- p.8 / Chapter 2.1.6 --- Staging --- p.9 / Chapter 2.1.7 --- Treatment --- p.11 / Chapter 2.1.8 --- Molecular Abnormality --- p.12 / Chapter 2.2 --- DNA Microarray Analysis in MM --- p.13 / Chapter 2.2.1 --- MM Pathogenesis --- p.15 / Chapter 2.2.2 --- Molecular Classification of MM --- p.18 / Chapter 2.2.3 --- Anti-MM Drug Studies --- p.22 / Chapter 2.3 --- Cancer Treatment Response Prediction --- p.24 / Chapter 2.3.1 --- MP Treatment --- p.24 / Chapter 2.3.1.1 --- Melphalan --- p.25 / Chapter 2.3.1.2 --- Prednisone --- p.27 / Chapter 2.3.1.3 --- MP Treatment Response Prediction in MM --- p.29 / Chapter 2.3.2 --- Cancer Prognosis using DNA Microarray --- p.31 / Chapter Chapter 3 --- Materials and Methods --- p.36 / Chapter 3.1. --- Patient Specimens for Gene Expression Profiling and Quantitative Real-time PCR --- p.36 / Chapter 3.2. --- Magnetic Cell Sorting of CD138-positive Plasma Cells --- p.37 / Chapter 3.2.1 --- Density Gradient Centrifugation --- p.37 / Chapter 3.2.2 --- Positive Selection of CD138-positive Cells --- p.37 / Chapter 3.3 --- Generation of Gene Expression Profiles --- p.39 / Chapter 3.3.1 --- RNA Extraction --- p.39 / Chapter 3.3.2 --- RNA Assessment --- p.40 / Chapter 3.3.3 --- Synthesis and Purification of Double-strand cDNA --- p.40 / Chapter 3.3.4 --- In vitro Transcription (IVT) and Recovery of Biotin-labeled cRNA --- p.41 / Chapter 3.3.5 --- cRNA Fragmentation and Hybridization Reaction Mixture Preparation --- p.41 / Chapter 3.3.6 --- Hybridization --- p.42 / Chapter 3.3.7 --- Post-hybridization Wash --- p.42 / Chapter 3.3.8 --- Detection with Streptavidin-dye Conjugate --- p.43 / Chapter 3.3.9 --- Bioarray Scanning and Spot Signal Quantitation --- p.43 / Chapter 3.4 --- Microarray Data Analysis --- p.45 / Chapter 3.4.1 --- Normalization and Filtering --- p.45 / Chapter 3.4.2 --- Unsupervised Clustering Analysis --- p.45 / Chapter 3.4.3 --- Supervised Class Comparison Analysis --- p.46 / Chapter 3.5 --- Microarray Verification and Candidate Gene Validation --- p.47 / Chapter 3.5.1 --- RNA Extraction --- p.47 / Chapter 3.5.2 --- Reverse Transcription PCR --- p.47 / Chapter 3.5.3 --- Quantitative Real-time PCR --- p.48 / Chapter 3.6 --- Predictive Value Calculation --- p.49 / Chapter 3.7 --- Experimental Flow --- p.49 / Chapter Chapter 4 --- Results --- p.53 / Chapter 4.1 --- Gene Expression Profiling of Chinese MM --- p.53 / Chapter 4.1.1 --- Unsupervised Clustering Analysis --- p.53 / Chapter 4.1.1.1 --- Hierarchical Clustering --- p.53 / Chapter 4.1.1.2 --- Principal Component Analysis (PCA) --- p.54 / Chapter 4.1.2 --- Identification of Statistically Differentially Expressed Genes --- p.58 / Chapter 4.1.2.1 --- Two-Sample t-statistics --- p.58 / Chapter 4.1.2.2 --- Significance Analysis of Microarrays (SAM) --- p.58 / Chapter 4.1.2.3 --- Microarray Verification --- p.66 / Chapter 4.2 --- Development of MP Treatment Response Biomarker in MM --- p.70 / Chapter 4.2.1 --- Unsupervised Clustering Analysis --- p.70 / Chapter 4.2.1.1 --- Hierarchical Clustering --- p.70 / Chapter 4.2.1.2 --- PCA --- p.70 / Chapter 4.2.2 --- Identification of Statistically Differentially Expressed Genes --- p.74 / Chapter 4.2.2.1 --- Two sample t-statistics --- p.74 / Chapter 4.2.2.2 --- SAM --- p.74 / Chapter 4.2.3 --- Verification of Candidate Gene CYB5D1 --- p.76 / Chapter Chapter 5 --- Discussion --- p.79 / Chapter 5.1 --- Global Gene Expression Profiling: DNA Microarray --- p.79 / Chapter 5.2 --- Microarray Data Normalization and Gene Filtering --- p.81 / Chapter 5.3 --- Microarray Data Analysis --- p.83 / Chapter 5.3.1 --- Unsupervised Clustering Analysis --- p.83 / Chapter 5.3.1.1 --- Hierarchical Clustering --- p.83 / Chapter 5.3.1.2 --- PCA --- p.85 / Chapter 5.3.2 --- Identification of Statistically Differentially Expressed Genes --- p.86 / Chapter 5.4 --- Verification of Candidate Genes by Quantitative Real-time PCR --- p.89 / Chapter 5.5 --- Gene Expression Profiling of Chinese MM --- p.90 / Chapter 5.5.1 --- Comparison of Gene Expression Patterns of MM and Normal Plasma Cells --- p.90 / Chapter 5.5.2 --- Differentially Expressed Genes between MM and Normal Plasma Cells..… --- p.91 / Chapter 5.5.2.1 --- Common Differentially Expressed Genes with Previous Studies --- p.94 / Chapter 5.5.2.2 --- Potential Tumor Suppressor Genes in Differentially Expressed Genes..… --- p.96 / Chapter 5.5.2.3 --- Verified Differentially Expressed Genes --- p.98 / Chapter 5.5.3 --- Future Studies --- p.101 / Chapter 5.6 --- Development of MP Treatment Response Biomarker in MM --- p.103 / Chapter 5.6.1 --- Comparison of Gene Expression Patterns of MP Good Responders (GR) and Poor Responders (PR) --- p.103 / Chapter 5.6.2 --- Differentially Expressed Gene between MP GR and PR: CYB5D1 --- p.104 / Chapter 5.6.3 --- Possible Role of CYB5D1 in MP Resistance in MM Cells --- p.104 / Chapter 5.6.4 --- Potential Clinical Application of CYB5D1 in MP Treatment Response Prediction in MM --- p.106 / Chapter 5.6.5 --- Future Studies --- p.106 / Chapter Chapter 6 --- Conclusion --- p.108 / Chapter 6.1 --- Gene Expression Profiling of Chinese MM --- p.108 / Chapter 6.2 --- Development of MP Treatment Response Biomarker in MM --- p.108 / References --- p.110 / Appendix --- p.128