Thesis (doctoral)--Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2007. / Includes an appendix of three papers and manuscripts, one co-authored with Per-Olov Johansson and Bengt Kriström. A second appendix reprints questionnaire used to elicit data for the three papers. Also issued electronically via World Wide Web in PDF format; online version lacks appendix.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2007. / Title from first page of PDF file. Includes bibliographical references (p. 193-217).

Univ., Diss.--Giessen, 2004. / Literaturverz. S. 259 - 286.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2006. / Title from first page of PDF file. Includes bibliographical references (p. 118-127).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2005. / Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xiv, 168 p.; also includes graphics (some col.). Includes bibliographical references (p. 161-168). Available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:35:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009-07-16Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:05:57Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 freitas_ch_dr_rcla.pdf: 1423658 bytes, checksum: 1cf47ffae9bf2508e9b8769ad2cd9369 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / As estradas causam a mortalidade de animais, bem como a remoção de hábitats, a fragmentação da paisagem, o efeito de borda e criam uma barreira física a muitas espécies. Alguns fatores estão relacionados aos atropelamentos, como por exemplo tipo de acostamento, topografia e vegetação. O desenho da estrada (curva ou reta) tem influência na velocidade dos veículos e é um importante fator condicionante que necessita ser considerado. Além disso, os atropelamentos podem atrair animais necrófagos ou domésticos (cães e gatos) para as carcassas, aumentando a probabilidade de novos atropelamentos. Embora vários estudos sobre atropelamentos de vertebrados tenham sido publicados no mundo, poucos tem documentado a mortalidade no Brasil. Nós realizamos um estudo que focou nos fatores causais bem como no valor (Disposição A Pagar – DAP) dos animais mortos em colisões com veículos. Nossa proposta foi documentar a composição de espécies e a riqueza e compreender os fatores espaciais e temporais relacionados a mortalidade na rodovia. Nós registramos e identificamos as espécies e o número de vertebrados atropelados em dois trechos de rodovias estaduais (97 Km da MG-428 e 63 Km da SP-334) no sudeste do Brazil. As rodovias foram amostradas semanalmente, de janeiro a dezembro de 2007. Além disso medidas de variáveis explanatórias relacionadas as estradas foram incluídas: tipo de acostamento, topografia, tipo de vegetação e desenho da estrada. Nós usamos estes dados para examinar a relação entre as variáveis explanatórias e a mortalidade dos grupos de vertebrados nas estradas ao longo do tempo. Foi realizado o teste do qui-quadrado de aderência para examinar a distribuição espacial dos atropelamentos. Nós também entrevistamos 601 motoristas para obter a disposição a pagar (DAP) pela conservação da fauna. Usamos a regressão logística para estabelecer... / Roads result in mortality on the road as well as habitat removal, landscape fragmentation, edge effects, and pose a physical barrier to many species. Some roadside factors are related to road-kills, e.g., type of shoulder, topography, and vegetation. Road alignment (curved or straight) has an influence on vehicle speed and is an important conditioning factor needing consideration. Additionally, road-kills may attract scavengers or domestic animals (cats and dogs) to carcasses, increasing the probability of new road-kills. Although many studies on vertebrate road-kill have been published around the world, few have documented road mortality in Brazil. We conducted a study that focused on causal factors as well as the value (Willingness To Pay) of animals killed by vehicle collisions. Our purpose was to document species composition and richness and to understand the spatial and temporal patterns of roadrelated mortality. We recorded the number and species identification of vertebrates killed on two state roads segments (63 Km of SP - 334 and 97 Km of MG - 428) in southeastern Brazil. The roads were surveyed weekly from January to December 2007. Additional road related explanatory variables measured, included: type of shoulder, topography, vegetation type, and road design. We used that data to examine correlations between the explanatory variables and the mortality of vertebrate groups on the roads over time. We performed the chi-square goodness of fit to examines the spatial road-kills distribution. We also interviewed 601 vehicle drivers to assess their Willingness To Pay (WTP) for fauna conservation. We used logistic regression to relate the independent variables with the location and number of mortalities we recorded. We used linear correlation to examine how certain aspects of the user profile (namely, monthly income, education level, and frequency of road use) were related... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

According to the National Center for Education Statistics (NCES; 2016), contingent faculty comprise nearly half of the higher education teaching workforce. I was a contingent faculty member working in a music teacher preparation program at a small college in the Northeast U.S. Using Wenger’s communities of practice (1998) and Lave and Wenger’s legitimate peripheral participation (1991) as a theoretical lens, I conducted a self-study to understand: (a) how our group of two full-time and two part-time contingent faculty negotiated our work, and (b) how my contingent faculty identity was shaped through participating in the group. I analyzed transcriptions of group meetings, email messages sent among the group members, and brief interviews to establish that our community of practice (CoP) was positioned relative to broader enterprises, such as accrediting bodies and the state department of education that regulated teacher licensure. We negotiated our practices in response to their standards and regulations, and we often felt that our practices were constrained. I learned that the members of our CoP had rich histories of membership in other CoPs, and knowledge and identity from those CoPs were constantly reconciled with new understandings and identity. I learned that multimembership can be a hindrance for some, yet it can also be a benefit that helps propel the work of a CoP forward. My identity was shaped through dialogue with other members of the community. I learned that it is common for contingent faculty to feel as I did: autonomous and competent in my teaching practices, yet detached from the department (Kezar & Sam, 2010; Levin & Hernandez, 2014; Shaker, 2008). Learning some of the history of the joint enterprise helped me feel more connected and empowered, and as my dialogue with the full-time tenure-track faculty continued, I was given additional responsibility for developing and subsequently teaching two new courses. Very little research has been conducted from the perspective of contingent faculty in higher education. This self-study was therefore a timely addition to the literature, and it should be replicated, extended to other teacher education faculty, and also to collaborative self-studies between full-time and contingent faculty.

Wilderness areas provide a wide array of quality nature experiences including primitive recreational opportunities in a primeval condition. However, a lot of these ecological and pristine sites suffer from disturbance and environmental degradation by the exhaustive human recreational use on campsites. Most of the impacts associated with camping gradually become a critical concern since they can be devastating to a wilderness environment and the affiliated experience. This study employed the contingent valuation method to determine peoples' willingness to pay for the preservation of the Panther Den Wilderness if campsites were restricted /limited, and to estimate an economic value of non-market goods and services affiliated to the preservation and use values of the Panther Den Wilderness. A Contingent valuation questionnaire was administered to gather information on the respondent's intentions and to determine what they would be willing to pay under a hypothetical scenario. Moon's WTP model estimated the willingness to pay relationship with a set of explanatory and socio-demographic variables including bid sizes, miles traveled, recreation times, campsite impacts observed, age, gender, and education. Results revealed that there was a clear relationship between the respondents' willingness to pay, the pre-determined bid-size/fee level, and the distance traveled to the Panther Den Wilderness, hence; the correlation between the variables was highly significant. The estimated mean willingness to pay value for the preservation of the Panther Den Wilderness was $9.56 per visitor. Overall, the estimated results and mean willingness to pay value served as the interpretation of an assessment which clearly revealed that outdoor recreation users were willing to pay a user fee for the preservation of the Panther Den Wilderness regardless of campsite limitations or restrictions.

Submitted by Maria Medeiros (maria.dilva1@ufcg.edu.br) on 2018-11-07T13:03:27Z No. of bitstreams: 1 LUCIANO GOMES DE AZEVEDO - TESE (PPGRN) 2010.pdf: 1197252 bytes, checksum: e4a9b28c4d0972c254f988b94f491e7f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-11-07T13:03:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 LUCIANO GOMES DE AZEVEDO - TESE (PPGRN) 2010.pdf: 1197252 bytes, checksum: e4a9b28c4d0972c254f988b94f491e7f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-05-24 / As externalidades ocasionadas pela atividade de extração de areia em leitos de rio têm causado sérios prejuízos ao meio ambiente e à sociedade. Ações mitigadoras e compensatórias se fazem necessárias para que o desempenho da atividade de extração de areia seja sustentável. Nesse contexto, essa pesquisa teve como objetivo avaliar o perfil ambiental qualitativo das atividades de extração de areia em leitos de rios, a fim de mensurar os custos das externalidades negativas impostas ao meio ambiente e à sociedade que não são internalizados pelos agentes no mercado de areia. Especificamente, procurou-se: Caracterizar as principais externalidades ocorridas na extração da areia no leito do Rio Paraíba; Identificar os bens substitutos da areia dentro do processo de produção da indústria da construção civil; Determinar quanto à sociedade está disposta a pagar um valor a mais pelo metro cúbico de areia (DAP) para agregação dos benefícios ambientais do rio, através do método de valoração contingente (MVC) e Validar o método de valoração contingente, verificando o grau de veracidade dos resultados obtidos na pesquisa. Utilizou-se o método Check-list, como forma de identificar e enumerar sistematicamente as variáveis ambientais relevantes, a partir dos impactos ambientais observados. Após a avaliação, observou-se 30 impactos negativos e 4 impactos positivos, apontando para o fato de que as externalidades negativas detectadas sobrepõem-se, de forma relevante, às externalidades positivas, trazendo, assim, danos considerados tecnicamente irreversíveis ao meio ambiente e consequentes reflexos na sociedade. Para mensurar o valor econômico do recurso natural “areia” extraída dos leitos de rios, internalizando os custos via preço das externalidades provocadas ao meio ambiente decorrente da prática desse tipo de atividade, utilizou-se o Método de Valoração Contingente (MVC) a partir do modelo referendo com acompanhamento (logit duplo). A partir da agregação do valor encontrado para a DAP dos entrevistados e o consumo anual de areia na Paraíba, chega-se aos benefícios que o recurso natural “areia” pode gerar para o próprio rio. / Externalities caused by the activity of sand extraction in river beds have caused serious damage to the environment and society. Mitigating and compensatory actions are necessary so the performance of sand extraction activity would be sustainable. In this context, this research aimed to evaluate the qualitative environmental profile of activities of sand extraction in river beds in order to measure the costs of negative externalities imposed on the environment and society that are not internalized by the agents on the sand market. Specifically, it was sought to: characterize the main externalities occurring in the sand extraction in the bed of the Rio Paraiba; identify the goods substitutes for sand in the production process of the construction industry; Determinate how much society is willing to pay an additional value by cubic meter of sand (CMS) for aggregation of the environmental benefits of the river, through the contingent valuation method (CVM) and Validate the contingent valuation method, checking the degree of accuracy of results in research. The checklist method was used as a way to systematically identify and list the relevant environmental variables, from the environmental impacts observed. After evaluation, it was found 30 negative and four positive results, pointing to the fact that the negative externalities detected overlap relevantly to positive externalities, bringing thus considered technically irreversible damage to the environment and consequent reflections on society. To measure the economic value of natural resource "sand" extracted from the river beds, internalizing costs through price externalities caused to the environment resulting from the commission of such activity, the Contingent Valuation Method (CVM) from the referendum model with monitoring (double logit) was used. From the aggregation of the value found to the CMS of respondents and an annual consumption of sand in Paraíba, one comes to the benefits that the natural resource "sand" can lead to the river itself.

A relação economia e meio ambiente, retratada pela teoria econômica desde autores como David Ricardo, Thomas Malthus e Marx, tornou-se mais evidente após a década de 60 (século XX) em função dos processos de industrialização nos principais países do mundo. Intelectuais, como os que formaram o Clube de Roma, ressaltavam a tendência à escassez dos recursos naturais pela superexploração. Porém, uma área ainda é bastante polêmica dentro da relação entre economia e meio ambiente: a da valoração econômica. Os métodos usualmente propostos tendem a valorar os recursos naturais através da revelação das preferências. Normalmente, os recursos naturais não possuem um mercado real, fazendo-se necessário recorrer-se a um mercado hipotético para revelar a preferência dos agentes econômicos. Para fazer uma discussão acerca do tema, esta tese está dividida em três ensaios. No primeiro fez-se uma revisão sobre as teorias que evidenciam a relação entre economia e meio ambiente. No segundo aplicou-se o método da valoração contingente usando a Represa Dal Bó, em Caxias do Sul, como objeto no qual se desejou encontrar a disposição a pagar por sua preservação. Para o tratamento das informações aplicou-se uma regressão logística do tipo Logit. Por fim, no terceiro apresentou-se a Análise Custo Efetividade como uma alternativa a valoração ou precificação de um recurso natural. Para tanto, utilizou-se a situação dos recursos hídricos de Caxias do Sul para um exercício aplicando a ACE. Como conclusão, tem-se que a relação entre economia e meio ambiente é polêmica, sobretudo no que diz respeito à valoração. Ao aplicar o MVC, este apresentou resultados econométricos não muito significativos, confirmando as limitações do método. Mesmo assim, aponta com uma probabilidade de 69% uma disposição a pagar de mais de R$ 4,00/mês. Já para a aplicação da Análise Custo Efetividade, ao considerar-se apenas o setor industrial, tem–se que uma tarifa incitativa seria, no mínimo, de R$ 636,68 ton/ano representando o custo marginal para tratar a matéria orgânica medida pela demanda química de oxigênio. Ao acrescentar outros setores tem-se que a tarifa diminui para R$ 572,32 ton/ano devido ao custo marginal menor do setor doméstico. Pelos exercícios propostos a análise custo efetividade se mostra viável para valorar os recursos naturais sem, necessariamente, os precificar diretamente. / Economy and environment relationship, portrayed by economic theory from authors like David Ricardo, Thomas Malthus and Marx, became more apparent after the 1960s (Century XX), standed out by the industrializing processes in main countries of the world. Intellectuals such as members of The Club of Rome gave emphasis to the natural resources scarcity tendences caused by super exploration. However, there is still a controversial area within the relationship between environment and economy: the economic valuation.Usual proposed methods tend to value natural resources through disclosure of preferences. Normally occurs that natural resources do not have a real market, making it necessary to resort to a hypothetical market to reveal the preference of economic agents. For a discussion on the issue, this thesis is divided into three essays. In the first, a review about the theories that highlight the relationship between economy and environment is made. In the second, the contingent valuation method is apllied using the Dal Bó dam, at Caxias do Sul, as the object in which is wanted to find the disposition to pay for its preservation. For the information treatment is applied a logistic regression, Logit type. Finally, in the third, an Effectiveness Cost Analysis is presented as an alternative to a natural resource valuation or pricing. Therefore, the hydric resources situation in Caxias do Sul was considered in an exercise using the ECA. By conclusion, the relationship between economy and environment lead to polemics, especially what refers to the valuation. When applied the contingent valuation method the econometric results was not very significant, confirming your limitations. Nevertheless, with a probability of 69%, a willingness to pay was more than R$ 4.00/month. For Effective Cost Analysis application, when considering only the industrial sector, an inciting fare would be, at least, R$ 636,68 ton/year which represents the marginal cost to treat organic material measured by the oxygen chemical demand. When adding other sectors the fare diminish to R$ 572,32 ton/year due to lower marginal cost of domestic sector. By the proposed practices the Effectiveness Cost Analysis presents itself proper for valuing natural resources, without, necessarily, price them directly.