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Šiame magistro darbe analizuojami Lietuvos, Latvijos, Estijos ir Rusijos terminuotų darbo sutarčių sudarymo, vykdymo bei nutraukimo ypatumai. Kad nebūtų piktnaudžiaujama terminuotomis sutartimis, valstybės savo darbo statymuose įstatymuose nustato tam tikrus imperatyvius reikalavimus. Darbo tikslas yra palyginti Lietuvos ir minėtų užsienio valstybių darbo įstatymų nuostatas, susijusias su terminuotų sutarčių reglamentavimu, pateikti jų apibendrinimus, aptarti šių teisės normų įgyvendinimo praktikoje problemas bei pateikti pasiūlymus Lietuvos įstatymų leidėjui. Pirmoje darbo dalyje pabrėžiama darbo sutarties instituto svarba, apžvelgiami pagrindiniai valstybių darbo įstatymai, aptariama terminuotos darbo sutarties samprata bei išskiriamos jos rūšys. Antroji dalis yra skirta terminuotų darbo sutarčių sudarymui – joje aptariamas terminuotų darbo sutarčių turinys, kurį sudaro būtinosios ir papildomos sąlygos, apibrėžiamos bendros visoms valstybėms termino nustatymo taisyklės, taip pat analizuojamos terminuotos darbo sutarties prielaidos ir apribojimai. Trečioje darbo dalyje dėmesys skiriamas teisės normų, reglamentuojančių terminuotų darbo sutarčių vykdymą ir keitimą, analizei – pabrėžiami sutarčių keitimo ypatumai, atsižvelgiant į sąlygų keitimo priežastį, jų rūšį ir nuo to, kuriam laikui (terminuotai ar neterminuotai) tos sąlygos keičiamos. Šioje dalyje taip pat aptariami pagal terminuotas darbo sutartis dirbančių darbuotojų nediskriminavimo bei informavimo apie laisvas darbo... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / In these Master theses are analyzed the characteristics of fixed-term employment contracts in Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia and Russia. To prevent abuse arising from fixed-term employment contracts the countries define imperative requirements in their labour laws. The object of these theses is to compare the provisions of labour laws, related to the regulation of the fixed-term employments contracts, to present the generalization thereof, to discuss the problems of provisions’ realization in practice and to make suggestions to the legislator. In the first part of the theses the importance of employment contract’s institute is pointed, the countries’ main labour laws are reviewed and the conception of employment contract and its types are discussed. The second part is about the conclusion of fixed-term employment contracts: the content of fixed-term employment contracts (obligatory and additional conditions) is discussed, the general rules of term determination are defined, the preconditions and restrictions of fixed-term employment contracts are analyzed. In the third part of theses the rules of law, related to the implementation and amendment of fixed-term employment contracts, are analyzed – it is pointed that the amendments are made according to the reason and duration of amendment and the type of employment conditions to be amended. The principles of non-discrimination of fixed-term workers and information about vacancies are also discussed. The last, fourth, part is about... [to full text]

Non-residential construction projects typically involve a large number of parties and a complicated "pyramid" of contractual relationships. At the top of the project an owner or developer commonly employs a head contractor, who employs specialist contractors, who employ subcontractors, who finally employ workers and material suppliers. Funds for the project are fed in at the top and are intended to trickle down to those at the bottom. However, evidence indicates that this often does not happen and that those at the bottom - most significantly subcontractors - suffer substantial losses. Many countries attempt to reduce subcontractors' losses through legislative intervention. The Canadian common law provinces apply both a statutory "builder's lien", which allows an unpaid subcontractor to register a charge against construction land, and supplementary holdback and trust requirements. By contrast, New South Wales, Australia and the United Kingdom apply a "quick and dirty" form of adjudication in an attempt to reduce the delays in payment disputes. New Zealand is currently investigating the form of legislation that it should enact and has modelled the Construction Contracts Bill on New South Wales adjudication measures. This thesis examines the Canadian, New South Wales and United Kingdom systems for protecting subcontractors, as well as the New Zealand Construction Contracts Bill. It describes these different systems, and applies Cooter and Ulen's perfect contract analysis in an attempt to compare them. It concludes that the New South Wales approach is the most favourable, particularly because of its attempts to reform areas of the construction industry beyond just the problems that subcontractors face. However, it also notes that this approach has very high transaction costs, to such an extent that some proposed reforms may never come to fruition. It therefore recommends that New Zealand take a cautious approach in copying these measures. In addition, the thesis recommends that New Zealand researchers take more time to examine North American builder's lien systems. Protecting construction subcontractors is a complicated issue and the best solution for New Zealand will result from a careful consideration of the many different systems, both before any legislation is enacted and afterwards.

Många företags användande av konsulter har under de senaste åren ökat och det finns luckor i forskningen kring denna yrkeskategori. Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka huruvida individuella och arbetsrelaterade faktorer hos konsulter påverkar uppfattning av fullföljande samt omfattning av psykologiska kontrakt i relation till en uppdragsgivare. Deltagarna var 172 konsulter, från tre konsultföretag, som besvarade en enkät delvis hämtad från projektet PSYCONES. Resultatet visade att konsulternas individuella samt arbetsrelaterade faktorer påverkade det psykologiska kontraktet och att det som påverkade mest är grad av tillit gentemot uppdragsgivare, antal arbetade timmar i veckan samt ålder. Dock påverkade inga av faktorerna kopplade till konsultrollen uppfattning av fullföljande samt omfattning av psykologiska kontrakt. Denna studie bidrar med vetskap om att psyko-logiska kontrakt skapas mellan konsult och uppdragsgivare, att tillit är en viktig komponent även i denna form av arbetsrelation samt en antydan att konsulters arbetssituation inte skiljer sig anmärkningsvärt från andra an-ställningsformer.

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The thesis deals with the rules governing questions of jurisdiction and choice of law on the Internet. First, European Union law will be presented followed by the law of England and that of Germany. Second, the law of the United States and that of the two Canadian provinces of Ontario and Quebec will be discussed. / While business-to-business contracts will easily retain the biggest volume share of international trade, the number of international business-to-individuals contracts will increase manifold thanks to the Internet. It is therefore important to take into account what impact consumer protection rules have on the private international law of contracts on the Internet. / In this paper, relevant law of North American and European jurisdictions will be examined with regards to issues of contract formation, choice of jurisdiction and choice of law. On the basis of the findings, the thesis will finish with some suggestions as to what commercial entities have to pay attention to when they want to sell on the Internet. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)

Japan is a country strongly associated with strong, long-term relationships, whether they be located within kin- groups, local communities or large industrial enterprises. Yet Japan also has a long tradition of people who have been excluded from these relationships, whether voluntarily (hermits, mendicant monks, etc.) or compulsorily (outcasts etc.). This thesis deals with a contemporary category of people who operate largely outside the certainties of long-term relationships: day labourers. Whereas Japanese industry has become famous for 'life-time employment', my subjects often work under contracts for just one day. Most of them are also excluded from family and mainstream community life, living singly in doya-gai -- small urban districts with cheap hotels which resemble the American skid-row. These districts center on a casual labour market (yoseba), divided between a formal sector (public casual labour exchanges) and an informal sector (jobs negotiated on the street with recruiters often affiliated with yakuza gangs). Fieldwork (1993-5) was conducted mainly in Kotobuki, the Yokohama doya-gai, with brief field-trips to similar districts in Tokyo, Osaka, Nagoya, Kitakyushu and Fukuoka. Most of my informants were Japanese nationals, though Koreans and Filipinos are also briefly discussed. The thesis describes the lives and attitudes of day labourers, and the social organization of the very distinctive districts which they inhabit. Based on participant observation, backed up by historical analysis and cross-cultural comparison, the thesis considers the role of these 'men of uncertainty' in a society which craves certainty. In economic terms, that role is to enable the construction and longshoring industries to adjust to fluctuating demand and changing weather conditions while maintaining a stable core workforce. But day labourers, like other stigmatized minorities, have a parallel cultural role, as an "internal other" in the formation of mainstream Japanese people's identity.

This thesis explores the political and economic factors that were present when the TFX aircraft contract was awarded. The primary sources used in the study area The official transcript of the Senate investigation of the TFX and the financial reports of the two main competitors, Boeing and General Dynamics.The thesis traces the Air Force's and Navy's roles in picking a contractor and the reasons given by the Secretary of Defense for going against the service's advice. The paper explores these reasons and attempts to show their inadequacy. The thesis then shows that economic considerations played a large role in the decision and that Congress was powerless to stop the administration without ending the whole project. Some suggestions for changing Congressional control over large military contracts to more effectively monitor spending are made at the conclusion of the paper.

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