Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T13:53:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 FrancivaldoSA_DISSERT.pdf: 1297901 bytes, checksum: edfe3cb82d55bdf4f50f96868b680d57 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-11-05 / The theme of this dissertation is social technology for self-management: a study in economic enterprise supportive of Rio Grande do Norte. The research aimed to obtain evidence that the reapplication of technology management, basic economic-financial and pricing, as production costs, has the potential to contribute to the self-management of APABV. The social technology and self-management are theoretical frameworks used and where workers are central figures in both the generation and replication of technologies that are compatible with their realities, as in the conduct and management approach adopted by them in their venture, they are makers decisions. To achieve the proposed objective was accomplished participatory research, which was used in addition to document analysis, participatory methodologies such as the construction of the DRP, group interview, experience in the production environment and family of entrepreneurs APABV. This research allowed the management technologies such as spreadsheets controls basic economic and financial costs, when socialized and understood by workers has the potential informational and become part of their daily decision-making process of the project, making up social technology / O tema desta disserta??o ? tecnologia social para autogest?o: um estudo em empreendimento econ?mico solid?rio do Rio Grande do Norte. A pesquisa teve como objetivo obter evid?ncias de que a reaplica??o de tecnologias de gest?o, de base econ?mico-financeira e da forma??o de pre?o, a partir dos custos de produ??o, tem o potencial de contribuir para a autogest?o da Associa??o dos Produtores Agr?colas de Bebida Velha (APABV). A tecnologia social e a autogest?o s?o referenciais te?ricos utilizados e nos quais os trabalhadores s?o figuras centrais, tanto na gera??o ou reaplica??o de tecnologias que sejam compat?veis com suas realidades, como na conduta e forma de gest?o adotada por eles em seu empreendimento, pois s?o os tomadores de decis?es. Para o alcance do objetivo proposto foi realizada pesquisa participante, na qual se utilizou al?m da an?lise documental, metodologias participativas como a constru??o do DRP, entrevista grupal, viv?ncia no ambiente produtivo e familiar dos empreendedores da APABV. A pesquisa possibilitou concluir que as tecnologias de gest?o, como as planilhas de controles de base econ?mico-financeiros e de custos de produ??o, quando socializadas e compreendidas pelos trabalhadores tem potencial informacional e passam a fazer parte de seu cotidiano no processo decis?rio do empreendimento, tornando-se tecnologia social

A crescente onda de escândalos surgidos nos Estados Unidos na virada da década de 90, relacionados às demonstrações contábeis trouxeram uma importante mudança na ótica que se tinha dos controle internos. Podemos afirmar que 2002, com a promulgação da Sarbanes-Oxley Act transformou-se em um marco histórico dentro do âmbito empresarial americano, no que tange a controles internos, sendo o divisor de águas do que existia antes e depois em termos de forma de encarar a necessidade de as empresas possuírem uma estrutura de controles internos. Os controles internos passaram, sob o prisma de muitas empresas, de meros procedimentos de formalização de atividades e processos à condição de exigência legal. A nova Lei traz através da obrigatoriedade de apresentação de formulários específicos que devem ser assinados pelos altos representantes das empresas e a aplicação de sanções para quem não o faz ou faz de forma falsa, a conseqüente implementação de uma estrutura de controles internos que deverá ser monitorada, aperfeiçoada e enriquecida sempre que aparecer algum novo risco ou a empresa desenvolver uma operação. / The growing number of accounting scandals that have taken place in the USA at the turn of the 90's brought about an important change in how internal controls are understood. One could say that the Sarbanes-Oxley Act in 2002 was a landmark in the American corporate world as far as internal controls are concerned. It was a turning point in the way companies face the need for a structure of internal controls, which for many of them have changed from mere formalizing procedures to a legal requirement. This new law requires specific forms to be filled out which have to bear the signature of the company's top management. Forgery or failure to comply involves penalties. The new law makes it necessary to implement an internal controls structure which is to be monitored and improved whenever a new risk is at play or when the company has a new operation.

Os objetivos desta pesquisa são: a) compreender como a temperatura do ar e a umidade relativa na bacia B do Núcleo Cunha (IF) estão relacionadas aos controles climáticos (altitude, declividade e orientação das vertentes, vegetação, a configuração do céu, etc); b) entender qual a importância de cada controle climático nas variações de temperatura e umidade relativa sob a ação de diferentes sistemas atmosféricos. Os controles microclimáticos produzem alterações no ritmo da temperatura e da umidade relativa de diferentes formas e graus de importância em função do sistema atmosférico atuante. Entretanto, a combinação de controles climáticos específicos pode criar ambientes que mantém o ritmo da temperatura e umidade mais estável, independente do sistema atmosférico que estiver atuando. A água no solo desempenha um papel fundamental na minimização das variações da temperatura e da umidade em ambientes específicos. A vegetação também desempenha um papel importante no controle dos valores de umidade relativa, sendo mais relevante que a declividade e a orientação da vertente. As unidades climáticas da Bacia B foram delimitadas como síntese de todas as interações entre os atributos e controles climáticos. O conceito de unidade climática como um espaço onde a interação entre os atributos e controles climáticos tem uma certa homogeneidade, permitiu a delimitação de quatro topoclimas e muitas unidades microclimáticas na bacia B. / The objectives of this work are: a) to undestand how the air temperature and relative humidity in Basin B of Núcleo Cunha (IF) relate to micro and topoclimatic controls (altitude, gradient, slope orientation, vegetation, sky diagram, etc.); b) to comprehend the relative importance of each micro and topoclimatic control in the air temperature and relative humidity variation within different atmospheric systems. Micro and topoclimatic controls influence temperature and relative humidity variation differently in each atmospheric system. However, the arrangement of some specific climatic controls generates environments that conserve the rhythm of temperature and relative humidity, whatever the atmospheric system. Water in the soil has an evident role in the reduction of temperature and relative humidity variation. Vegetation has a fundamental role in the maintenance of the relative humidity, being clearly more importante than gradient and slope orientation. Climatic units of Basin B were delimited as a synsthesis of all interactions. The concept of climate units as a space where climatic attributes and controls keep a relative homogeneity, made possible the identification of four topoclimates and several microclimates units.

As coquinas de bivalves do Grupo Lagoa Feia (Eoaptiano) ocorrem na área sudoeste da Bacia de Campos e constituem reservatórios de hidrocarbonetos. Foram descritos 1030 metros de testemunhos e 368 lâminas delgadas para definir os controles estratigráficos dos eventos e produtos diagenéticos observados e propor um método de predição da paragênese diagenética. Inicialmente foram definidas 34 fácies sedimentares posteriormente agrupadas em 7 associações de fácies nas quais foram reconhecidos os conjuntos de processos geneticamente relacionados, que levaram à interpretação do paleosistema deposicional. Sete produtos eodiagenéticos foram observados na seção informalmente denominada Coquina Inferior e desses, quatro alteram bastante as características permoporosas primárias das rochas, sendo eles: cimentação por calcita blocosa em mosaico, cimentação por sílica microcristalina (quartzo), cimentação por calcedônia e dissolução. Interpreta-se um forte controle do(s) tipo(s) de produto(s) diagenético(s) com a variação do nível base do lago, conforme as seguintes premissas: o cimento de sílica microcristalina ocorre preferencialmente quando o nível base está alto e as rochas sob condições lacustre freáticas, pois, devido ao grande escoamento superficial, o lago neste momento encontra-se enriquecido em Si (proveniente do intemperismo e lixiviação das seções de rochas anteriores), porém ainda diluído (com um volume de água muito amplo), favorecendo a precipitação do quartzo e não da calcedônia. A partir do momento em que o nível do lago cai relativamente, a concentração de Si aumenta e a calcedônia passa a ser o cimento principal. Neste momento, as rochas estão sob condições de ambiente de zona de mistura, pois o nível do lago estaria mais baixo, porém ainda não totalmente em condições de domínio meteórico. A seguir, com nível do lago mais baixo ainda, as rochas passam para o ambiente meteórico e ocorre a precipitação de calcita blocosa (provavelmente necessitando de um tempo de residência baixo, pois o mineral ocorre em todo o intervalo da Coquina Inferior) no meteórico freático, e dissolução no meteórico vadoso. Quando o nível do lago volta a subir, as condições favorecem novamente a precipitação de calcedônia, e, em um nível posterior, mais alto ainda, de sílica microcristalina, iniciando assim um novo ciclo de alterações diagenéticas. A correlação entre a paleobatimetria deposicional da associação de fácies sedimentar e o nível base requerido para determinado(s) tipo(s) de produto(s) diagenético(s) encontrado(s) levou à criação de uma curva de \"velocidade relativa de variação do nível base\", que pôde também ser construída sinteticamente a partir das fácies sedimentares e dos perfis de raios gama e sônico. Tendo em mãos essa curva sintética, foi possível fazer o \"caminho inverso\" e criar um modelo preditivo (ou seja, sem descrição da diagênese em lâminas delgadas) da paragênese diagenética a partir da associação de fácies sedimentar e da \"velocidade relativa de variação do nível base\" em escala de poço (1D) e também em um grid geocelular (3D). A seção Coquina Inferior dos reservatórios da Bacia de Campos apresenta elevado grau de heterogeneidade vertical, gerada pela ciclicidade estratigráfica e pela intensa modificação eodiagenética. O entendimento dos fatores controladores da diagênese levou à criação de um método preditivo da paragênese diagenética em escala de poço (1D) e também em um grid geocelular (3D) que poderá ser usado para a caracterização e gerenciamento de outros campos petrolíferos em carbonatos. / The bivalve coquina from Lagoa Feia Group (Eoaptian), occurs in southwestern part of Campos Basin and consists petroleum reservoirs. 1030 meters of core and 368 thin sections were described to define the stratigraphic controls of the diagenetic events and then create a diagenetic paragenesis predictive method. Firstly, 34 sedimentary facies were defined and then grouped in seven facies associations. These associations have the same genetically depositional process relationship and they were used to define the depositional paleosystem. Seven eodiagenetic products were observed in the informally called Lower Coquina section and four from these products cause an important primary rock permeability and porosity alteration: block calcite cementation, microcrystaline silica (quartz) cementation, chalcedony cementation and dissolution. There is a strong control of the diagentic(s) product(s) type(s) and the base level variation. Microcrystaline silica occurs when the base level is high and the conditions are under lacustrine phreatic environment. Under these conditions, the lake has a Si enrichment due to run off great rates but still diluted, because the huge volume of water. This situation favors the precipitation of quartz instead of chalcedony. When the lake level falls, Si concentration rises, and chalcedony becomes the main cement phase. At this time, the conditions are mostly under mixing zone. When the lake falls again, meteoric environment becomes predominant. At the meteoric phreatic environment blocky calcite occurs as cement and at the meteoric vadose zone environment dissolution is the main process. When the lake level raises again, the conditions favor the precipitation of chalcedony and, in the next level, (higher base level than previous) the conditions are good to microcrystaline silica precipitation. At this moment, a new diagenetic cycle is started. The correlation between depositional paleobathymetry of sedimentary facies association and the lake level required for different types of diagenetic paragenesis led to the creation of a curve called \"relative velocity of base level variation\". This curve may also be calculated synthetically from sedimentary facies, gamma ray and velocity logs. With this synthetic curve it was possible to do a \"reverse path\" procedure and generated a diagenetic paragenesis predictive method. The coquina reservoir has a high level of heterogeneity due to stratigraphic cyclicality and due to eodiagenetic transformations. The understanding of diagenetic controls led to a diagenetic predictive method creation on 1D (well) and 3D (geocell grid). This knowledge can be used for the characterization and management of others carbonates associated oil fields.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-15T19:32:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Jorge da Silva Krening.pdf: 839422 bytes, checksum: 55407cba3675d45dbd4436f048b32596 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-02-19 / Since its creation in the beginning of the nineteenth century, the credit union has played an essential role in the global economy. Due to actions based on the less favoured class in the past, the cooperatives have always embraced the idea of solidarity and unity, something that is deeply rooted in its principles. Throughout its history, there was the need for improvement, maturity and evolution in its way of managing and directing, mainly due to the big growth of the segment which occurred after the mid-1990. By having the financial intermediation as their main focus, the credit unions keep playing a fundamental role in the sustainable development of Brazil, particularly because of their ability to fund consumption and production. Some issues such as the huge dependence on the spread in order to cover operational costs, and also its vulnerabilities, contribute to make the cooperatives become less competitive if compared to the other institutions. Some particularities involving its structure and culture end up creating some conflicting interests, mainly among cooperative members (owners) and managers. In order to describe the legal structure that rules the credit unions in Brazil regarding the decision on the internal controls model, Resolution CMN 2.554/98 and Government Circular CMN 3.467/09 has been drawn up. Both are considered as clear and formal in the acceptance of conceptual structure COSO as internal controls framework. It is clear that the action of Central Bank of Brazil in following up the international trends that involve standardization through international recommendations imply in their compliance and observance. This study is aimed at investigating the acceptance by the credit unions of Sao Paolo state to the government Circular CMN 3.467/09. The answers to the matter have been searched: Are the cooperatives of Sao Paulo state checking the relevant aspects contained in the Government Circular CMN 3.467/09? By using qualitative and quantitative approaches, interviews and data colleting have been conducted through an electronic form on the internet. Using the qualitative approach, agents and people in charge of internal control were interviewed in 8 of a 159 credit unions affiliated to Sicoob Central Cecresp, since they have been considered as large ones if using the criteria established by this Central. By using the quantitative approach, the 151 cooperatives have received an electronic form. Based on the effected analysis, we conclude that the researched credit unions adopt the relevant and intrinsic aspects of Circular CMN 3.467/09. Through the quantitative analysis, it was possible to evidence the adherence of the control components. Finally, in the qualitative aspects, we perceive the need for a more involvement of the management particularly concerning question of control culture and formalizing policies and procedures. / Desde sua criação no início do século dezenove que o cooperativismo de crédito vem desempenhando papel fundamental na economia mundial. Apoiado em ações voltadas para uma classe menos favorecida no passado, o cooperativismo sempre empunhou a bandeira da solidariedade e união, algo enraizado de forma profunda em seus princípios. Durante sua trajetória, houve a necessidade de aprimoramento, amadurecimento e evolução da sua forma de gestão e administração, muito em função do grande crescimento do segmento, que ocorreu principalmente a partir de meados dos anos noventa. Tendo como foco principal a intermediação financeira, as cooperativas de crédito continuam exercendo um papel fundamental para o desenvolvimento sustentável do Brasil, muito em função da sua capacidade de financiar o consumo e a produção. Alguns problemas como a voraz dependência do spread para cobrir custos operacionais, e ainda, fragilidades inerentes, contribuem para que as cooperativas se tornem menos competitivas, comparado as demais instituições. Particularidades envolvendo sua estrutura e culturas acabam por gerar alguns conflitos de interesse, principalmente entre os cooperados (proprietários) e gestores. Para descrever o arcabouço legal que rege as cooperativas de crédito no Brasil no que tange à determinação do modelo de controles internos, recorre-se a Resolução CMN 2.554/98 e Circular CMN 3.467/09. Ambas são tidas como exemplos claros e formais da adoção da estrutura conceitual COSO como framework de controles internos. Ficam evidentes as ações do Banco Central do Brasil em acompanhar as tendências internacionais que envolvem padronização, através das recomendações internacionais, implicando seu cumprimento e observância. Esse estudo objetivou investigar a adoção pelas cooperativas de crédito do estado de São Paulo à Circular CMN 3.467/09. Buscaram-se respostas quanto à indagação: As cooperativas do estado de São Paulo estão observando os aspectos relevantes contidos na Circular CMN 3.467/09? Adotando-se um enfoque quantitativo e qualitativo, foram realizadas entrevistas e coleta de dados por meio de formulário eletrônico via web. De forma qualitativa foram entrevistados agentes e responsáveis pelos controles internos em oito das cento e cinquenta e nove cooperativas de crédito, filiadas a Sicoob Central Cecresp, por serem consideradas de grande porte, por critérios estabelecidos por esta Central. Com base nas análises efetuadas conclui-se que as cooperativas pesquisadas estão adotando os aspectos relevantes e intrínsecos contidos na Circular CMN 3.467/09. Através da análise, quantitativamente, foi possível estabelecer a aderência dos componentes de controle. Finalmente, dos aspectos qualitativos, percebe-se a necessidade de um maior envolvimento da administração, principalmente no quesito cultura de controle e formalização de políticas e procedimentos.

When searching for better and more practical interfaces between users and their computers, additional or alternative modes of communication between the two parties would be of great use. This thesis handles the possibilities of using eye and head movements as well as voice input as these alternative modes of communication. One part of this project is devoted to find possible interaction techniques when navigating in a computer interface with movements of the eye or the head. The result of this part is four different controls of an interface, adapted to suit this kind of navigation, combined together in a demo application. Another part of the project is devoted to the development of an application, with voice control as primary input method. The application developed is a simplified version of the application ActiViewer., developed by AerotechTelub Information&Media AB.

The work and results presented in this dissertation concern two complimentary studies that are rooted in surface acoustic waves and transducer study. Surface acoustic wave devices are utilized in a variety of fields that span biomedical applications to radio wave transmitters and receivers. Of interest in this dissertation is the study of surface acoustic wave interaction with polydimethylsiloxane. This material, commonly known as PDMS, is widely used in the microfluidic field applications in order to create channels for fluid flow on the surface of a piezoelectric substrate. The size, and type of PDMS that is created and ultimately etched on the surface of the substrate, plays a significant role in its operation, chiefly in the insertion loss levels experienced. Here, through finite element analysis, via ANSYS® 15 Finite Element Modeling software, the insertion loss levels of varying PDMS sidewall channel dimensions, from two to eight millimeters is investigated. The simulation is modeled after previously published experimental data, and the results demonstrate a clear increase in insertion loss levels with an increase in channel sidewall dimensions. Analysis of the results further show that due to the viscoelastic nature of PDMS, there is a non -linear increase of insertion loss as the sidewall dimensions thicken. There is a calculated variation of 8.31 decibels between the insertion loss created in a microfluidic device with a PDMS channel sidewall thickness of eight millimeters verse a thickness of two millimeters. Finally, examination of the results show that insertion loss levels in a device are optimized when the PDMS sidewall channels are between two and four millimeters. The second portion of this dissertation concerns the calibration of an ultrasonic transducer. This work is inspired by the need to properly quantify the signal generated by an ultrasonic transducer, placed under a static loading condition, that will be used in measuring ultrasonic bone conducted frequency perception of human subjects. Ultrasonic perception, classified as perception beyond the typical hearing limit of approximately 20 kHz, is a subject of great interest in audiology. Among other reasons, ultrasonic signal perception in humans is of interest because the mechanism by which either the brain or the ear interprets these signals is not entirely understood. Previous studies have utilized ultrasonic transducers in order to study this ultrasonic perception; however, the calibration methods taken, were either incomplete or did not properly account for the operation conditions of the transducers. A novel transducer calibration method is detailed in this dissertation that resolves this issue and provides a reliable means by which the signal that is being created can be compared to the perception of human subjects.

Solar energy is an abundant renewable source, which is expected to play an increasing role in the grid's future infrastructure for distributed generation. The research described in the thesis focuses on the analysis of integrating multi-megawatt photovoltaics (PV) systems with battery energy storage into the existing grid and on the theory supporting the electrical operation of components and systems. The PV system is divided into several sections, each having its own DC-DC converter for maximum power point tracking and a two-level grid connected inverter with different control strategies. The functions of the battery are explored by connecting it to the system in order to prevent possible voltage fluctuations and as a buffer storage in order to eliminate the power mismatch between PV array generation and load demand. Computer models of the system are developed and implemented using the PSCADTM/EMTDCTM software.

Rotational falls, or somersault falls, have led to serious and fatal injuries during the cross-country phase of Eventing competitions. Research to improve the safety of the sport began in 2000 after five fatal injuries occurred in the 1999 Eventing season. These efforts led to safety devices such as air jackets, improved helmets, and frangible/deformable fences. The focus of this thesis is to develop a more complete understanding of the horse-fence interaction as the approach motion transitions to a rotational fall. To achieve this, a large distribution of inertial properties was compiled through the development of a cylinder-based inertia approximation and a citizen science effort to gather equine geometrical measurements through a survey distributed by the United States Eventing Association (USEA). Furthermore, fundamental kinematic properties of the horse and rider were gathered from the literature. These distributions were used to conduct a Monte Carlo analysis to examine if the approach conditions of the horse and rider would result in a transition to a rotational fall upon horse-fence contact. Through the analysis the sensitivity of the main control parameters was explored to determine the dominant variables in the transition.

The modern smart grid would involve deep integration between measurement nodes, communication systems, artificial intelligence, power electronics and distributed resources. On one hand, this type of integration can dramatically improve the grid performance and efficiency, but on the other, it can also introduce new types of vulnerabilities to the grid. To obtain the best performance, while minimizing the risk of vulnerabilities, the physical power system must be designed as a security aware system. In this dissertation, an interoperability and communication framework for microgrid control and Cyber Physical system enhancements is designed and implemented taking into account cyber and physical security aspects. The proposed data-centric interoperability layer provides a common data bus and a resilient control network for seamless integration of distributed energy resources. In addition, a synchronized measurement network and advanced metering infrastructure were developed to provide real-time monitoring for active distribution networks. A hybrid hardware/software testbed environment was developed to represent the smart grid as a cyber-physical system through hardware and software in the loop simulation methods. In addition it provides a flexible interface for remote integration and experimentation of attack scenarios. The work in this dissertation utilizes communication technologies to enhance the performance of the DC microgrids and distribution networks by extending the application of the GPS synchronization to the DC Networks. GPS synchronization allows the operation of distributed DC-DC converters as an interleaved converters system. Along with the GPS synchronization, carrier extraction synchronization technique was developed to improve the system’s security and reliability in the case of GPS signal spoofing or jamming. To improve the integration of the microgrid with the utility system, new synchronization and islanding detection algorithms were developed. The developed algorithms overcome the problem of SCADA and PMU based islanding detection methods such as communication failure and frequency stability. In addition, a real-time energy management system with online optimization was developed to manage the energy resources within the microgrid. The security and privacy were also addressed in both the cyber and physical levels. For the physical design, two techniques were developed to address the physical privacy issues by changing the current and electromagnetic signature. For the cyber level, a security mechanism for IEC 61850 GOOSE messages was developed to address the security shortcomings in the standard.