In recent years, the call for business actors to be part of collaborations addressing sustainable development has become more common. There is a consensus that no single sector alone can solve the environmental problems and poverty conditions challenging humanity. However, it is not clear if these cross-sector collaborations thrive when disasters can strike any time and when some actors are richer than others. Through a series of experiments involving threshold public goods games with stochastic shocks, this dissertation contains three related papers exploring different facets of the persistence of cooperation. The experiments were conducted in Sweden, the Philippines and South Africa, countries with varying disaster risk exposures and income structures. Cooperation in the face of disaster explores the effects of different types of uncertainties on cooperation, particularly when there is a risk for repeated disasters (i.e. losses resulting from inadequate cooperation). The results show that cooperation persists when we do not know when disasters may strike (i.e. timing), as well as when there are uncertainties on what is required to avoid the disaster (i.e. threshold) and which losses will be incurred (i.e. impact). Conditional cooperation and disaster uncertainty explores the mechanism behind the persistence of cooperation, as it investigates if conditionality continues to prevail in the face of disaster. The findings show that conditionality and free-riding attenuates while unconditional cooperation accelerates. Cooperating in an unequal and uncertain world explores what happens when inequality enters the picture. The findings reveal that cooperation remains the same when there is inequality and increases in the presence of uncertainty. The effect of uncertainty is stronger than inequality, with high unconditional cooperation and low freeriding. / <p>Diss. Stockholm :  Stockholm School of Economics, 2015</p>

In 1993, the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation forum (APEC) held the first APEC Economic Leaders Meeting (AELM). Raising APEC interaction to the top track, the level of leaders, proved to be an effective and powerful dynamic; the AELM continues to meet annually and to shape APEC policy. The focus on the AELM as the source of vision and direction reinforces the pivotal importance of this political assemblage, reassures the populace that leaders do prevail and all is well: essential ingredients, according to Clifford Geertz, of political theater. The role of journalists, the contemporary scribes or critics, is to inform the audience of this political drama. The objective of this research is to demonstrate that real political value exists in the 'Staging of APEC' in terms of effective economic and political integration of benefit to broad regional interests. The findings draw on the results of a content analysis of news reports covering the first six years of the AELM (1993-1998). Formally, the AELM is an opportunity for regional political leaders to engage in regional policy formation outlined by the pillars of APEC (trade liberalization, facilitation and cooperation) guided by the principals of open regionalism and concerted unilateralism. Activity on the formal, or main stage, also flows to the small stage where leaders merge in a neutral venue. On this stage, leaders are free to examine distinctly non-economic, yet intersecting interests including domestic agendas, human rights and pluri-lateral security concerns. Together, these dual stages, neither one complete without the other, form the political theatre of APEC and provide the value added for the leaders and ultimately for the Asia – Pacific region.

Magistro darbe, išnagrinėjus 69 edukacinius šaltinius siekiama įvertinti mokytojų ir mokinių tėvų bendradarbiavimo situaciją šiandieninėje pradinėje mokykloje ir sukurti bendradarbiavimo modelį, kuris padėtų tobulinti bendradarbiavimą. Atliktas tyrimas, kuriame dalyvavo 338 respondentai (8 mokyklų vadovai, 19 pradinių klasių mokytojų ir 311 mokinių tėvų) atskleidė, kad mokytojų ir mokinių tėvų bendradarbiavimą lemia vadovų, mokytojų, tėvų bendrų tikslų iškėlimas, strategijos formulavimas, mokytojų ir mokinių tėvų turinio ir formų organizavimo nustatymas, teorinis pasirengimas ir kt. Sukurtame bendradarbiavimo modelyje atsispindi pagrindiniai veiksniai, sąlygojantys vadovų, mokytojų bei mokinių tėvų glaudų bendradarbiavimą pradinėje mokykloje ir mokinių gerovės (pažangumo, negatyvaus elgesio prevencijos, saviraiškos ir t.t.) užtikrinimą. / The paper is concerned with the assessment of co – operation between parents and teachers in the primary school. The aim is to analise 69 educational sources, then, to assess the co – operation between parents and teachers in the primary school and to create the modern model of communication, which can help to improve the situation. The empirical research that was held comprised 338 respondents, 8 of who are principals, 19 respondents are primary school teachers and, finally, 311 parents. The respondents revealed the situation. The situation is, that the co – operation is influenced by principals, teachers, parents’s achievements of common goals, formation of strategy, teachers and pupils’s content and ways definition, theoretical knowledge etc. The created model of communication revealed the main actions, causing principals, teachers and parents‘ successful communication in the primary school. Moreover, it may make sure the welfare of pupils.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--George Washington University, 2000. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 199-208).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Illinois at Chicago, 1996. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 196-218).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Princeton University, 1995. / Includes bibliographical references.

In 1993, the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation forum (APEC) held the first APEC Economic Leaders Meeting (AELM). Raising APEC interaction to the top track, the level of leaders, proved to be an effective and powerful dynamic; the AELM continues to meet annually and to shape APEC policy. The focus on the AELM as the source of vision and direction reinforces the pivotal importance of this political assemblage, reassures the populace that leaders do prevail and all is well: essential ingredients, according to Clifford Geertz, of political theater. The role of journalists, the contemporary scribes or critics, is to inform the audience of this political drama. The objective of this research is to demonstrate that real political value exists in the 'Staging of APEC' in terms of effective economic and political integration of benefit to broad regional interests. The findings draw on the results of a content analysis of news reports covering the first six years of the AELM (1993-1998). Formally, the AELM is an opportunity for regional political leaders to engage in regional policy formation outlined by the pillars of APEC (trade liberalization, facilitation and cooperation) guided by the principals of open regionalism and concerted unilateralism. Activity on the formal, or main stage, also flows to the small stage where leaders merge in a neutral venue. On this stage, leaders are free to examine distinctly non-economic, yet intersecting interests including domestic agendas, human rights and pluri-lateral security concerns. Together, these dual stages, neither one complete without the other, form the political theatre of APEC and provide the value added for the leaders and ultimately for the Asia – Pacific region. / Arts, Faculty of / Asian Research, Institute of / Graduate

The purpose of this study was to examine the cooperation between two parts of the Swedish prison and probation service, the prison and the probation office. More specifically its aim was to find the attitudes and the different work models surrounding this cooperation. To find my result I had interviews with six probation officers in two probation offices in south of Sweden. My questions were general and I choose follow-up questions during the interviews. The analysis was based on a cooperation theory. The conclusions of the study were that there are work models that have been brought in by the head office of the organization, that does not work properly and they are not popular by the staff. This keeps the probation officers from having a good cooperation with the staff from the prisons. The probation officers also have some attitudes toward the prison staff that keeps them from having a good cooperation. These attitudes are clearly shown during the prison and probation service’s staff education and somewhat continues to show up during the probation officers every day work. These problems can be explained through the cooperation theory as a lack of perquisite for a good cooperation.

In recent years, cooperation between the UN and the EU in the realm of international peacekeeping has gone through major changes, including the remarkable achievement of a ‘Joint Declaration on UN-EU Cooperation in Crisis Management’ through which both organisations promised their primary role and responsibility for the maintenance of international peace and security. Although the EU has reiterated its commitment to play a decisive role as a reliable peacekeeping actor within the UN framework, the decision of the EU to not always engage in international peacekeeping operations alongside the UN is puzzling. The aim of this dissertation is to examine the major driving forces behind decision-making which may determine the likelihood of EU cooperation with the UN in international peacekeeping, by asking: ‘under what condition do EU Member States lead UN-related peacekeeping operations?’ Using a revised two-level game approach, this thesis identifies the most important chief negotiators involved in negotiations, and analyses the dynamics of decision-making between the UN and the EU on the issue of international peacekeeping at two different levels: international UN level and domestic EU level. Variables and conditions under which chief negotiator(s) are more likely to provide active leadership to drive the EU to decide to engage in a peacekeeping operation are investigated with insights from two prominent IR theories; realist and social constructivist theories. Hypotheses drawn from each theory and the roles of chief negotiators are examined in each of three cases selected: Operation Artemis (2003), EUFOR RD Congo (2006), and EUFOR Tchad/RCA (2007). With the key research outcomes from a comparative analysis of the three case studies, the thesis aims to contribute to comprehensive debates on the role of the EU as a promising partner of the UN in international peacekeeping.

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