No description available.

The aim of this study was to compare unemployed and workers' life situation and the way they cope with different situations and to determine their degree of Type A. We used two different instruments: Friedman and Rosenman’s Type A-test and Carver’s cope test. The total number of respondents amounted to 169 participants. The participants were selected from a convenience sample at the employment service and from three different companies. Our hypotheses were that social support, Type A-behavior, age and education affect coping with unemployment or a difficult life situation. Our results confirmed the hypothesis partially. Women reported more social support than men, which affects how they are dealing with a difficult life situation. Unemployment and other difficult life situations are coped better with increasing age, and the use of problem-focused cope increases with higher education. / Syftet med studien var att jämföra arbetslösas och arbetandes livssituation, deras sätt att hantera olika situationer samt att ta reda på vilken grad av Typ A-nivå de hade. Vi har använt oss av två olika mätinstrument; Friedman och Rosenmans Typ A-test och Carvers copingtest där det totala antalet respondenter uppgick till 169 stycken. Våra deltagare valdes ut genom bekvämlighetsurval från arbetsförmedlingen samt från tre olika företag. Våra hypoteser var att socialt stöd, Typ A-beteende, ålder och utbildning påverkar hantering av arbetslöshet eller en svår livssituation. Vårt resultat bekräftade hypoteserna delvis. Män har lägre socialt stöd än kvinnor vilket påverkar hantering av en svår situation. Arbetslöshet och andra svåra händelser hanteras bättre ju äldre man blir. Vidare ökar användandet av problemfokuserad coping med högre utbildning.

<p>The aim of this study was to compare unemployed and workers' life situation and the way they cope with different situations and to determine their degree of Type A. We used two different instruments: Friedman and Rosenman’s Type A-test and Carver’s cope test. The total number of respondents amounted to 169 participants. The participants were selected from a convenience sample at the employment service and from three different companies. Our hypotheses were that social support, Type A-behavior, age and education affect coping with unemployment or a difficult life situation. Our results confirmed the hypothesis partially. Women reported more social support than men, which affects how they are dealing with a difficult life situation. Unemployment and other difficult life situations are coped better with increasing age, and the use of problem-focused cope increases with higher education.</p> / <p>Syftet med studien var att jämföra arbetslösas och arbetandes livssituation, deras sätt att hantera olika situationer samt att ta reda på vilken grad av Typ A-nivå de hade. Vi har använt oss av två olika mätinstrument; Friedman och Rosenmans Typ A-test och Carvers copingtest där det totala antalet respondenter uppgick till 169 stycken. Våra deltagare valdes ut genom bekvämlighetsurval från arbetsförmedlingen samt från tre olika företag. Våra hypoteser var att socialt stöd, Typ A-beteende, ålder och utbildning påverkar hantering av arbetslöshet eller en svår livssituation. Vårt resultat bekräftade hypoteserna delvis. Män har lägre socialt stöd än kvinnor vilket påverkar hantering av en svår situation. Arbetslöshet och andra svåra händelser hanteras bättre ju äldre man blir. Vidare ökar användandet av problemfokuserad coping med högre utbildning.</p>

The purpose of this study is, on the basis of institutional theory, to contribute with more understanding about resistance to management accounting change and also to survey reasons for the resistance and how to cope with the resistance. The study is a qualitative case study and semi-structured interviews have been used to complement the study’s theoretical area, consisting of scientific articles. The conclusion from the study is that resistance to management accounting change can be understood and explained by the institutions of each organisation and its underlying structures. A further conclusion is, with the structures in mind there are many reasons for resistance and also many ways to cope with the resistance. A model has been produced in purpose to create understanding and to survey the resistance to management accounting change.

No description available.

The current research was designed to add to the youth sport coping literature by examining adolescent athletes’ stressor appraisals and coping and to understand the way in which athletes learn to cope. Two studies were conducted. Study one was a metastudy (Paterson, Thorne, Canam, & Jillings, 2001) of the qualitative research on stressor appraisals and coping among adolescents in sport. Following database searches, 20 studies were retained for analysis. Meta-data, meta-theory, and meta-method analyses were conducted followed by a final meta-synthesis of findings. Analyses produced four themes: contextual and dynamic stressor appraisals, contextual and dynamic coping, coping resources and processes of acquisition, and social networks as assets and liabilities. These findings highlighted the need for precise use of theory in the study of coping. There was also scope for greater methodological diversity to advance our understanding of coping among adolescent athletes. The second study examined how adolescent athletes learn to cope and the role of social agents (e.g., parents and coaches) in adolescent athletes’ acquisition of coping skills. Grounded theory methodology was used (Corbin & Strauss, 2008). Interviews were conducted with 17 athletes (8 females, 9 males, Mage = 15.6 years), 10 parents (6 mothers, 4 fathers), and 7 coaches. Learning to cope was an experiential process consisting of the athlete – sport experiences and learning through trial and error, reflective practice, and coping outcomes (consistent performance, independence in coping, and persistence in coping). Learning was facilitated by athletes being exposed to multiple situations and reflecting on their coping efforts. Parents and coaches helped athletes learn to cope by creating a supportive context for learning and by using specific strategies to help athletes learn to cope. This research highlighted the importance of the social context as adolescent athletes learned to cope with stressors in sport and identified specific mechanisms by which parents and coaches influenced the development of coping among young athletes.

abstract: This dissertation shows that the central conceptual feature and explanatory motivation of theories of evolutionary directionality between 1890 and 1926 was as follows: morphological variation in the developing organism limits the possible outcomes of evolution in definite directions. Put broadly, these theories maintained a conceptual connection between development and evolution as inextricably associated phenomena. This project develops three case studies. The first addresses the Swiss-German zoologist Theodor Eimer's book Organic Evolution (1890), which sought to undermine the work of noted evolutionist August Weismann. Second, the American paleontologist Edward Drinker Cope's Primary Factors (1896) developed a sophisticated system of inheritance that included the material of heredity and the energy needed to induce and modify ontogenetic phenomena. Third, the Russian biogeographer Leo Berg's Nomogenesis (1926) argued that the biological world is deeply structured in a way that prevents changes to morphology taking place in more than one or a few directions. These authors based their ideas on extensive empirical evidence of long-term evolutionary trajectories. They also sought to synthesize knowledge from a wide range of studies and proposed causes of evolution and development within a unified causal framework based on laws of evolution. While being mindful of the variation between these three theories, this project advances "Definitely Directed Evolution" as a term to designate these shared features. The conceptual coherence and reception of these theories shows that Definitely Directed Evolution from 1890 to 1926 is an important piece in reconstructing the wider history of theories of evolutionary directionality. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Biology 2014

Ce manuscrit présente une approche synthétique de deux produits naturels, la Dasyscyphine D et le Laingolide A. En ce qui concerne la Dasysyphine D, nous avons étudié une étape-clé de cycloaddition de Diels-Alder entre un diène et un diénophile, préparés par des réactions de couplage pallado-catalysées et/ou de métathèse cyclisante. Pour le Laingolide A, plusieurs isomères ont été synthétisés dans le but de déterminer la configuration relative des trois centres stéréogènes. Cette synthèse fait intervenir une réaction tandem dimérisation croisée/oxonia-Cope et une macrocyclisation finale formant un motif énamide. / This manuscript presents the synthetic approach of two natural products, Dasyscyphin D and Laingolide A. Concerning Dasysphin D, the key step of the synthesis is a Diels-Alder cycloaddition between a diene and a dienophile, which were prepared by palladium-catalyzedcross coupling and/or metathesis reactions. For Laingolide A, several isomers have been synthesized in order to determine the relative configuration of the three stereogenic centers.This synthesis involves a tandem cross dimerization/oxonia-Cope reaction, and a final macrocyclization to install the enamide moiety.

The thesis deals with the relationship between one's time perspective and their ability to cope with the termination of the relationship. The time perspective is composed of five temporal orientations - past positive, past negative, present hedonistic, present fatalistic and future - which differ from each other in personality characteristics and their influence on human behavior. Our aim was to explore the differences among them in the choice of coping strategies in dealing with a breakup and verify the hypothesis. The following methods were used in the research: Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory (ZTPI), questions concerning respondent's breakup and Brief COPE, which measured a total of 14 coping strategies on a sample of 237 respondents. The results confirmed the different choices of coping strategies among five time orientations. Although it was not proved that some temporal orientations (past negative) would cope with the breakup more problematically, it seems, however, that these ones mostly use maladaptive coping strategies which can make their breakup adjustment harder. In the conclusion, therefore, are also considered the possibilities of application of our results in psychological counseling practice. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)

Intramolecular hydroamination represents a potentially general, simple strategy to access various nitrogen heterocycles. While important progress has been accomplished in recent years, six-membered ring formation via alkene hydroamination is typically difficult and limited to terminal alkenes, suggesting that only 2-methylpiperidines can be accessed reliably with current methods. As part of the Beauchemin group efforts on metal-free concerted hydroamination methods, the first part of this thesis describes the development of a Cope-type hydroamination-Meisenheimer rearrangement (CHMR) sequence that is applicable in inter- and intramolecular reactions. Data acquired from optimization on a difficult substrate (coniine) and the successful application of the CHMR sequence to the syntheses of N-norreticuline and 10-desbromoarborescidine are reported. The amination of alkenes is surprisingly scarcely used in the synthesis of complex alkaloids despite its potential for the construction of structurally challenging molecules while avoiding functional group interconversions. Hence, the second part of this thesis describes the studies on a novel amination sequence, consisting of an intermolecular Diels-Alder followed by an intramolecular hydroamination reaction, in the efforts towards the synthesis of biologically active and structurally complex Manzamine A. As such, the synthesis of the model substrates, including the development of a novel family of aminodienes, as well as the assessment of their reactivity towards [4+2] cycloadditions is reported.