The objective of this research was to determine the relationship between several positive psychological constructs for 178 teachers. The reliability of the measuring instruments, the relationship to each other and the wellness of the teachers were determined. The following measuring instruments were used: sense of coherence (Antonovsky), locus of control (Schepers), coping (Carver), personal meaning (Wong), life regard (Battista and Almond), engagement (Schaufeli) and burnout (Maslach). The empirical survey showed that the constructs correlate significantly The regression analysis indicated that some of the constructs are good predictors of each other. The factor analysis between the dimensions was determined with the use of varimax factor rotation. The dimensions were divided into five factors which in practice correlated significantly with each other. / Industrial & Orgarnisation Psychology / (M. Com. (Industrial and Organisational Psychology))

Members of the SAPS come into contact with violent crimes on a daily basis. They also have to deal with changes on an organisational level, as well as large amounts of administrative work. The Coping Orientations to Problems Experienced Questionnaire (COPE) was completed by police members in the North West Province, and eight items focusing on emotion-focused coping were added. The objectives of this study were to assess the construct validity and internal consistency of the COPE in the SAPS, with added scales for emotional processing and emotional expression. Another objective was to conceptualise coping, and specifically coping within the policing context from the literature. Finally, analyses of the differences between the coping strategies of different demographic groups in the SAPS were conducted. A cross-sectional survey design was used. The study population (N=229) included samples of police personnel across the North West Province. In addition to the COPE, a biographical questionnaire compiled by the researcher, was administered. The dispositional version of the COPE was used, consisting of 53 items. Eight additional items which measure emotional processing and emotional expression were also used. Initial analysis revealed the COPE subscales to be unreliable. Subsequent analysis indicated that two coping mechanisms which reflected emotionality in broad terms were employed by SAPS members. These factors were termed Active Emotional Expression and Emotional Reappraisal, and showed acceptable Cronbach Alpha coefficients. Item bias analysis was conducted and two items indicated uniform bias, and another two non-uniform bias. Tucker's phi coefficients for Active Emotional Expression and Emotional Reappraisal were all acceptable, indicating equivalence for both the Afrikaans and "other" languages groups. With regard to the two coping factors, no significant differences were found between the created language categories, or gender. Differences between the coping strategies of police members with different ranks, marital states and salary categories were also not significant. Recommendations for the organisation and future research were made. / Thesis (M.A. (Industrial Psychology))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2006.

風險發生的本質來自於組織與環境無法保持適當的配合。如果組織與環境能夠時時保持適當的配合，任何時候環境發生改變，組織亦能在瞬間跟著調整（具有完全的彈性），則組織的營運便沒有任何風險；但是，因為組織存在著僵固性╱依賴性使得企業無法立刻跟著環境作適當的調整，而發生組織無法與環境配合的情況，組織的生存於是受到威脅，風險於焉發生。申言之，風險的發生必須趨動因子（環境的不確定性）與乘數因子（內部資源的僵固性╱外部關係的依賴性）同時在在才會發生。 　　企業為了將投入轉換為產出必須依賴核心技術，由於核心技術存在僵固性，必須處在一個穩定的環境中才能發揮效率，然而，企業是一個開放系統，必須向外界取得所需的資源，各種環境因素與利益關係人的不確定性均會對企業的核心技術穩定運作產生威脅，也會造成企業核心資源的流失，使企業的營運面臨風險，因此風險對抗策略的短期目標在於適當的處理環境的風險以維持核心技術的穩定運作；長期目標則在於選擇適當的核心技術、改變組織習性，以確保組織的核心資源並能維持適當的彈性。 　　風險對抗策略可分成二大類（六大策略），第一類是由處理環境的不確定性的角度出發，分別為降低風險、轉移風險、分散風險、隔離風險；另一類是由改變組織的習性（僵固性╱依賴性）的角度出發，可分為增加彈性與累積雄厚的資源。 　　以風險矩陣與六大風險對抗策略為基礎可以建構風險管理模式，風險管理模式可以告訴經理人如何選擇可行的風險對抗策略。當企業可選擇的風險對抗策略愈多時，企業的風險對抗能力愈強，主觀的風險水準愈低（申言之，在相同的客觀風險水準之下，若企業的風險對抗能力愈強，主觀的風險水準愈低）。企業經理人若能依照風險管理模式進行風險管理，相信必能使「企業活得很久！」。

Within a climate of continual change this study offers insights into the academic pressures experienced by rural adolescents to achieve at school. In the often challenging transition from childhood to adulthood expectations from others place additional pressures on adolescents' lives. To better understand these pressures, I conducted a qualitative study of six students (ages nine to 15) and their teachers in the Middle Years of Schooling within rural Victoria, Australia. Students were studied prior to the Victorian Certificate of Education (VCE) in order to examine the pressures on students facing the Middle Years of Schooling. The study was carried out over a 6 month period using a Naturalistic Inquiry process with semi-structured interviews and participant observation. This allowed access into the participants' subjective insights. A Collective case study approach was employed to situate the information in its holistic environment and offer thick and information rich narratives depicting the experiences of these early adolescents. The case studies also involved examination of the school experiences of the early adolescents. Academic pressure was then broadly viewed in light of these experiences and recommendations offered. The findings from this research revealed that the early adolescents in the study all experienced degrees of academic pressure and demonstrated varied abilities to cope with these pressures. External support provided by parents, the school, teachers and peers tended to provide support more than fostering resilience.

Darbo tikslas – patikrinti ar egzistuoja įkalinimo įstaigoje bausmę atliekančių asmenų emocinės būsenos bei stresogeninių įvykių įveikos strategijų sąsajos adaptaciniu periodu. Tyrime dalyvavo 200 nuteistų pilnamečių vyrų, laisvės atėmimo bausmę atliekančių Pravieniškių 1- uose pataisos namuose. Tiriamiesiems 1-ąją atvykimo į pataisos namus dieną ir praėjus adaptacijos laikotarpiui (po trijų mėnesių) buvo išdalinami klausimynai, kuriuos sudarė šios metodikos: nerimo skalė iš HAD (Hospital Anxiety and Depression) metodikos; COPE – įveikos strategijų klausimynas; BEKO (Beck Depression Inventory) testas, skirtas įvertinti nuotaikos pokyčius; psichologinei įtampai įvertinti skirta metodika (Oprosnik travmatičeskovo stresa dlia diagnostiki psichologičeskix posledctvi); tarpasmeniniui bendravimui įvertinti skirta metodika. Siekiant įvertinti nuteistųjų emocinę būklę bei stresogeninių įvykių įveikos strategijų sąsajas tik atvykus į pataisos namus ir pasibaigus adaptacijai, tie patys asmenys buvo tiriami du kartus. Tyrimo rezultatai parodė, kad egzistuoja emocinės būsenos bei stresogeninių įvykių įveikos strategijų sąsajos adaptaciniu periodu: tik atvykus į įkalinimo įstaigą ir adaptacijai pasibaigus, nuteistieji naudoja visas galimas įveikos strategijas, t.y. tiek į problemą nukreiptą įveikimą, tiek į emocijas nukreiptą įveikimą, tiek mažiau adaptyvaus įveikimo strategijas. Pažymėtina, kad adaptacijai pasibaigus, įveikos strategijos naudojamos rečiau nei tik atvykus į įkalinimo... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The purpose of work is to check, whether there are links between the emotional states and strategies to cope with the stressogenic events of the persons, who are serving sentence in prisons, during the adaptation period. 200 sentenced adult men were participating in the research. They serve their sentence in the 1st Penitentiary of Pravieniskes. The questionnaires were distributed to the convicts on the first day of their arrival to the penitentiary and again after the adaptation period (after three months). The questionnaires were made from the following methodologies: scale of anxiety from HAD (Hospital Anxiety and Depression) methodology; COPE – questionnaire of coping strategies; BEKO (Beck Depression Inventory) test meant to evaluate the changes in mood; methodology of traumatic stress (Oprosnik travmatičeskovo stresa dlia diagnostiki psichologičeskix posledctvi); and the methodology meant to evaluate the interpersonal communication. The same persons were analyzed twice in order to evaluate the links between the emotional states and strategies to cope with the stressogenic events of the convicts on the arrival date to the penitentiary and after the adaptation period. According to the research results, there are the links between the emotional states and strategies to cope with the stressogenic events during the adaptation period: on the arrival and after the adaptation period the convicts use all the possible coping strategies, i.e. problem-orientated coping... [to full text]

Les amines homoallyliques sont des synthons clés pour la construction de nombreuses molécules d'intérêt biologique. Du fait de la double liaison carbone-carbone du fragment allylique, facilement fonctionnalisable, elles sont également très utilisées en synthèse organique. Ce travail de recherche s'oriente sur la synthèse d'amines homoallyliques grâce à des complexes de titane. En effet, le couplage réducteur d'imines et de diènes promu par du titane permet la formation d'amines homoallyliques diastéréoisomères syn et anti. La diastéréosélectivité de la réaction est directement affectée par le substituant porté par l'atome d'azote. Selon qu'il s'agit d'un groupement benzyle ou phényle, la sélectivité sera marquée en faveur de l'amine syn ou anti respectivement. De plus, l'ajout de l'acide de Lewis BF3.OEt2 permet de diminuer considérablement le temps de réaction mais également d'inverser la diastéréosélectivité obtenue avec la réaction sans acide de Lewis.L'instabilité des amines homoallyliques durant le processus de purification a permis d'autre part de mettre en lumière un réarrangement cationique 2-Aza-Cope. Ce réarrangement a été appliqué à la synthèse catalytique d'homocrotylamines et d'un acide aminé , insaturé. Ce manuscrit rapporte également la synthèse d'amines homoallyliques par couplage entre des diènes et des dérivés benzotriazole. Ces dérivés génèrent des iminiums qui réagissent plus efficacement que les imines pour former les amines souhaitées. De plus, la réaction effectuée avec des dérivés de type bis(benzotriazole) conduit sélectivement à des homoallyl-(E)- homocrotylamines. Cette réactivité est expliquée par une triple réaction en cascade à savoir : allyltitanation - réarrangement cationique 2-Aza-Cope - allyltitanation.D'autre part, une partie de ce manuscrit s'intéresse à la réaction entre le complexe Ti(NMe2)4 et des dioxocyclames qui forment de nouvelles diamidines macrocyliques. Les propriétés chimiques de ces amidines présentent de nombreux intérêts pour la formation de complexes avec des métaux tels que le Cu, le Ni et le Pd. Les analyses des complexes méritent d'être approfondies afin de déterminer sans ambigüité leur structure et de mieux comprendre le mode de coordination de ces nouveaux macrocycles azotés.

Members of the SAPS come into contact with violent crimes on a daily basis. They also have to deal with changes on an organisational level, as well as large amounts of administrative work. The Coping Orientations to Problems Experienced Questionnaire (COPE) was completed by police members in the North West Province, and eight items focusing on emotion-focused coping were added. The objectives of this study were to assess the construct validity and internal consistency of the COPE in the SAPS, with added scales for emotional processing and emotional expression. Another objective was to conceptualise coping, and specifically coping within the policing context from the literature. Finally, analyses of the differences between the coping strategies of different demographic groups in the SAPS were conducted. A cross-sectional survey design was used. The study population (N=229) included samples of police personnel across the North West Province. In addition to the COPE, a biographical questionnaire compiled by the researcher, was administered. The dispositional version of the COPE was used, consisting of 53 items. Eight additional items which measure emotional processing and emotional expression were also used. Initial analysis revealed the COPE subscales to be unreliable. Subsequent analysis indicated that two coping mechanisms which reflected emotionality in broad terms were employed by SAPS members. These factors were termed Active Emotional Expression and Emotional Reappraisal, and showed acceptable Cronbach Alpha coefficients. Item bias analysis was conducted and two items indicated uniform bias, and another two non-uniform bias. Tucker's phi coefficients for Active Emotional Expression and Emotional Reappraisal were all acceptable, indicating equivalence for both the Afrikaans and "other" languages groups. With regard to the two coping factors, no significant differences were found between the created language categories, or gender. Differences between the coping strategies of police members with different ranks, marital states and salary categories were also not significant. Recommendations for the organisation and future research were made. / Thesis (M.A. (Industrial Psychology))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2006.

The objective of this research was to determine the relationship between several positive psychological constructs for 178 teachers. The reliability of the measuring instruments, the relationship to each other and the wellness of the teachers were determined. The following measuring instruments were used: sense of coherence (Antonovsky), locus of control (Schepers), coping (Carver), personal meaning (Wong), life regard (Battista and Almond), engagement (Schaufeli) and burnout (Maslach). The empirical survey showed that the constructs correlate significantly The regression analysis indicated that some of the constructs are good predictors of each other. The factor analysis between the dimensions was determined with the use of varimax factor rotation. The dimensions were divided into five factors which in practice correlated significantly with each other. / Industrial and Orgarnisation Psychology / (M. Com. (Industrial and Organisational Psychology))

No description available.

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / Depression in African American (AA) adolescents is a prevalent mental health problem, can result in serious concurrent and long-term effects, and is associated with health disparities due to underutilization of mental health services. Initiatives to reduce disparities among depressed AA adolescents require a greater understanding of the experience of depression from their own point of view. The purpose of this dissertation was to generate a comprehensive theoretical framework that describes how AA adolescents experience depression throughout adolescence. The information gained about how AA adolescents understand and manage depressive symptoms, and in some cases seek and use mental health services will contribute to initiatives to reduce behavioral health disparities. This dissertation project was composed of two components. The first component was an integrative review of studies that explored associations between adolescent coping responses and depression. The integrative review summarized and integrated research from the past ten years that examined coping techniques of depressed adolescents. It revealed that the use of active coping strategies plays an important role in recovery from depression. The second component was a grounded theory study which included a sample of 22 community-based AA young adults (ages 18-21) and 5 clinic-based AA adolescents (ages 13-17). During semi-structured interviews, participants described their experiences with depression as adolescents. In addition, a timeline was constructed that included major events related to the unfolding of depression, including treatment seeking, which occurred during adolescence. Data generated from the grounded theory study were analyzed and resulted in two qualitatively derived products. The first is a typology titled Being With Others that depicts interaction patterns of depressed AA adolescents with people in their lives. The five categories in the typology are keeping others at bay, striking out at others, seeking help from others, joining in with others, and having others reach out. The second product is a theoretical framework titled Weathering through the Storm that describes how depression in AA adolescents unfolds over time. The five phases of the framework are labeled enduring stormy weather, braving the storm alone, struggling with the storm, finding shelter in the storm, and moving out of the storm.