Purpose: In this study, we compared United States (US) and Taiwanese college students’ using alcohol, coping strategies, anxiety, and depression. Research Questions: 1. What were the differences in demographic characteristics, using alcohol, coping strategies, anxiety, and depression between US and Taiwanese college students? 2. What were the relationships between US and Taiwanese college students’ using alcohol, coping strategies, anxiety, and depression? 3. How much of US and Taiwanese college students’ anxiety and depression were predicted by their use of alcohol, coping strategies? Methods: Four hundred and one US and 180 Taiwanese college students were recruited in this study. This was a cross-sectional comparative research design. SPSS 28.0 was used to do the data analysis. The Descriptive data analysis, Chi-square tests, independent t-tests, Pearson Correlations, and Stepwise Multiple Regressions were used to examine the research questions. Results: More US college students were married, believed in Jesus Christ, had higher incomes, and were older than Taiwanese college students. Compared with Taiwanese college students, US college students had higher scores in using Problem-Focused Disengagement, but lower scores in Emotional-Focused coping strategies, depression, and using alcohol with negative emotions. The significant predictors for the US and Taiwanese college students’ anxiety and depression were using alcohol with negative emotion, using Problem-Focused Disengagement, using Emotion-Focused Engagement, and using Emotional-Focused Disengagement. Taiwanese college students had another significant predictor for depression which was Problem-Focused Engagement. Conclusions/Implications for Practice: The significant factors associated with anxiety and depression were found in this study.

Bakgrund: Att arbeta nära döden är ofta känslomässigt påfrestande för sjuksköterskor. För att kunna ge god och personcentrerad omvårdnad behöver sjuksköterskan vara medveten om hur upplevda känslor av sorg efter ett patientdödsfall kan hanteras och hur copingstrategier kan användas. Syfte: Syftet var att beskriva sjuksköterskans copingstrategier vid patientdödsfall. Metod: Metoden som användes var en allmän litteraturstudie med induktiv ansats där resultatet grundade sig i 12 vetenskapliga artiklar. Resultat: De mest förekommande copingstrategierna för att hantera sorg efter patientdödsfall var att ventilera med familj, vänner och kollegor, att distansera sig från döden samt acceptera döden som något naturligt. Ur resultatet framkom även copingstrategier som handlade om att visa tacksamhet, genomgå inre förändringar, utöva destruktiva beteenden, fokusera på arbetsuppgifter och söka bekräftelse. Konklusion: Sjuksköterskor använder sig av många olika typer av copingstrategier för att hantera sorg efter patientdödsfall. Det finns både risk och nytta med de olika copingstrategierna och sjuksköterskan behöver vara medveten kring dessa. Att på ett korrekt sätt använda copingstrategier för att hantera sorg är nödvändigt för att säkerställa omvårdnadens kvalitet. / Background: Working close to death is often emotionally stressful for the nurse. To deliver a good and person-centered nursing care, the nurse must be aware of how experienced emotions and grief after a patient's death should be handled and which coping strategies are most suitable to use. Aim: The aim was to describe nurses´ coping strategies in case of a patient's death. Method: The method used was a general literature study with an inductive approach where the result was based on 12 scientific articles. Result: The coping strategies that most nurses used to cope with grief after a patient's death were venting to family, friends, and colleagues, distancing themself from the death and accepting death as something natural. The result also revealed that coping strategies such as showing gratitude, undergoing inner changes, using destructive behaviours, keep focusing on tasks and seeking affirmation. Conclusion: Nurses use many different types of coping strategies to deal with grief after patients' death. There are both risks and benefits to the different coping strategies and the nurse needs to be aware of these. Appropriate use of coping strategies to manage grief is necessary to ensure quality nursing care.

Introduktion: 10–20 procent av unga lever med en kronisk sjukdom. Ungdomstiden är en tid av stor förändring och att då leva med eller drabbas av en kronisk sjukdom kan vara en stor påfrestning. Unga med kronisk sjukdom drabbas i högre grad av psykisk ohälsa och kan ha svårigheter i att klara av sin vardag. För att klara de påfrestningar sjukdomen orsakar hos personen är copingstrategier av stor betydelse. Copingstrategier är de sätt en person använder för att hantera en situation, händelse eller stressor. Syfte: Studiens syfte var att undersöka copingstrategier hos unga med kronisk sjukdom. Metod: En deskriptiv litteraturstudie baserad på 13 kvalitativa originalartiklar inkluderade efter sökningar i databaserna Pubmed, PsycINFO och CINAHL.  Resultat: Det utformades totalt fem kategorier för copingstrategier. Socialt stöd, aktivitet och lindring av symtom som ökade förutsättningarna till en god livskvalitet och till ett ökat välbefinnande. Vidare fanns dysfunktionella copingstrategier såsom ignorerande av kroppen signaler eller dålig hantering av medicin som de unga använde sig av, vilket medförde ökade symtom eller försämrad hälsa.   Slutsats: Denna studie visade på flertalet copingstrategier unga använde sig av i hantering av sin kroniska sjukdom. De unga valde copingstrategi efter sina förutsättningar och beroende av sin omgivning. Copingstrategin gav antingen förutsättningar till en ökad livskvalitet eller så kunde det också påverka den unge och dennes liv negativt.  Nyckelord: Copingstrategier, kronisk sjukdom, ungdomar / Introduction: 10–20 percent of young people live with a chronic condition. Youth is a time of great change and to additionally live with or become affected by a chronic illness may be a major strain. Young people with a chronic disease are to a greater extent affected by mental illness and may experience challenges in managing their everyday life. In order for them to manage the demands caused by the disease, coping strategies may be of great value. Coping strategies are ways in which a person handles a situation, event or a stressor.  Aim: The study aimed to investigate coping strategies of youth living with chronic conditions. Method: A descriptive literature review based on 13 qualitative original articles included from the databases Pubmed, CINAHL and PsycINFO. Results: Five categories were identified for coping strategies. Social support, activity and symptom relief which increased ability for quality of life and increased well-being. Furthermore, there were dysfunctional coping strategies where the adolescents and young adults ignored their body’s signals or managed their medications in a hazardly fashion which led to an increase of symptoms or a decrease in health.  Conclusion: This study presented several coping strategies utilized by young people in management of their chronic illness. Youth chose coping strategies according to their prerequisites and depending on their circumstances. The chosen coping strategy either gave conditions for an increased quality of life or could negatively affect the young person and their life.  Keywords: Chronic disease, coping strategies, youth

Stressrelaterad psykisk ohälsa har blivit en allt vanligare orsak till sjukskrivningar, särskilt inom människovårdande yrken som socialt arbete. Denna kandidatuppsats undersöker socionomers erfarenhet av en stressrelaterad sjukskrivning Genom kvalitativa intervjuer med sju socionomer som varit sjukskrivna för stress, fångas deras personliga berättelser och erfarenheter med fokus på stresshantering och lärdomar från sjukskrivningen. Studien visar att både individuella egenskaper och arbetsmiljö spelar en stor roll i hur stress hanteras och upplevs. En gemensam upplevelse var att de behövde lära sig nya sätt att hantera stress och sänka sina egna krav för att uppnå en mer hållbar yrkesroll. / Stress-related health issues have become increasingly common, especially in caregiving professions such as social work. This Bachelor´s thesis examines social workers experiences of stress-related sick leave. Through qualitative interviews with seven social workers, who have been on sick leave due to stress, their personal stories and experiences have been captured with a focus on Stress Management and learning from a sick leave. The study shows that both individual characteristics and work environment play a significant role in how stress is managed and perceived. A common experience was the need to learn new ways to cope with stress and set lower personal expectations.

Within a defined geographical area, all patients, 192 in total, with insulin- dependent diabetes of at least 2 years' duration and free from long-term diabetic complications were identified. Their experiences of the influence of the disease on daily living, tedium, and smoking habits were evaluated using a questionnaire and related to metabolic control. A case-referent study concerning smoking habits among 25 patients with good, and 25 with poor metabolic control was performed. The influence of mentruation on metabolic control was studied among 20 diabetic women and 20 healthy controls. Coping strategies and their outcomes were studied among 20 patients, using the interview technique. Among those with unsatifactory metabolic and/or emotional outcomes, plans for nursing intervention were agreed on, using diagnostic reasoning. Only a minority of the patients reported that the disease caused them considerable problems in their daily lives. The greatest problems occurred in connection with regularity in daily life, diet management, and exercise. Patients with good metabolic control (HbAic&lt;6.7) had a higher number of hypo-glycemic cornata (7 vs 1, p&lt;0.001). Patients with poor metabolic control (HbAic&gt;9.0) reported more often that they were smokers (pcO.Ol) and the women fertile aged in this group more often reported problems with metabolic control during menstruation (p&lt;0.05). Twenty-nine (18%) were defined as suffering from tedium. There was a higher proportion (NS) of high tedium scores among patients in both good and poor metabolic control groups than in those with intermediate metabolic control. Sixty (31%) of the patients were smokers, prevalence of smoking increased significantly with increasing HbAic- levels (17.5% among patients with the best metabolic control, 47.5% among those with the worst metabolic control). In the case referent study exposure to smoking was found to be significantly more common among those with poor control (odds ratio 6.0). No systematic change in metabolic control during the menstrual cycle could be found. Problem-solving coping strategy based on the monitoring of blood glucose in combination with sensitivity to signs of actual blood glucose level and logical reasoning, was found to have the best coping outcome, both regarding metabolic control and well-being. The results are summarized in a model for diagnostic reasoning in nursing. / <p>S. 1-46: sammanfattning, s. 47-117: 6 uppsatser</p> / digitalisering@umu

The objectives of this study were to: (1) determine the relationship between locus of control (measured by the Locus of Control Inventory), work engagement (measured by the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale) and sense of coherence (measured by the Orientation to Life Questionnaire); (2) determine whether coping and non-coping individuals (measured by a coping scale) differ significantly regarding these variables, and (3) the strategies they employ to deal with change in their lives (determined by means of structured interviews). A survey design, and correlational and inferential statistical procedures were used to achieve the quantitative research objectives. Qualitative content analysis was used to analyse and interpret the research data obtained from the open-ended questions on coping strategies. A convenience sample (n = 69) of individuals employed in the manufacturing sector participated in the study. The quantitative results revealed a significant relationship between the three variables and that copers and non-copers differ significantly regarding their coping. The qualitative data analysis indicated that copers and non-copers differ in terms of the coping strategies they employ to deal with change. The study represents original research which contributes new knowledge and insights for organisational employee wellness practices aimed at helping employees cope more positively with organisational change in the South African organisational context. / Industrial and Organisational Psychology / M.A. (Industrial and Organisational Psychology)

People with disabilities tend to face more difficulties and constraints when they are travelling for tourism purposes, compared to non-disabled people. This is problematic because mobility in general (and tourism in particular) is, more or less, seen as a ‘human right’ and has the potential to contribute to peoples’ well-being. Tourism travel should, therefore, be available for everyone. This thesis aims to contribute to the understanding of tourism travel for people with mobility-disabilities by studying the experiences of parents to wheelchair carried children with cerebral palsy. The main study objectives are threefold, namely: (1) which constraints these families face throughout the tourism travel chain; (2) how the child’s disability affect these families’ destination decision processes; and (3) which improvements that can be made in order to make it easier for these families to participate in tourism travel. An interview study was made including 13 parents to wheelchair children with cerebral palsy and these interviews were analysed by using thematic analysis. The findings show that different constraints and barriers (intrinsic, interactive and environmental) are evident during all different phases of the tourism travel chain and affect these families’ choices regarding type of tourism trip, which destination they travel to, which transport modes that they can use, which requirements they have in terms of accommodation and which limitations they face when participating in different activities. Some suggestions regarding improvements are also provided, based on what the parents require in order to make tourism travel easier for them.

Darbe atlikta teorinė sutrikusio intelekto vaikų ir jaunuolių, gyvenančių globos įstaigoje, psichosocialinės charakteristikos ir salutogenezės, kaip sunkumų įveikos metodologijos, bei vidinės darnos ir jos komponento – sunkumų įveikos strategijų struktūros analizė. Iškelta hipotezė, kad sunkumų įveikos strategijų pasirinkimas priklauso nuo jaunuolių asmens savybių ir socialinės aplinkos. Neįgalūs jaunuoliai, įveikdami sunkumus, mažiau naudoja adaptacinių gebėjimų reikalaujančias strategijas. Interviu ir anketinės apklausos metodais buvo atliktas tyrimas, kurio tikslas – ištirti, kaip įveikia sunkumus sutrikusio intelekto jaunuoliai, išėję iš vaikų ir jaunimo pensionato, kokias įveikos strategijas jie naudoja. Atlikta nestandartizuotos medžiagos turinio (duomenys kategorizuoti pagal semantinius ryšius) ir statistinė (aprašomoji vidurkių, standartinių nuokrypių, faktorinė) duomenų analizė. Tyrime dalyvavo 7 jaunuoliai, turintys intelekto sutrikimą, ir 110 pensionatų darbuotojų, globėjų ir jų šeimų narių (atitinkamai – 99, 8 ir 3 respondentai). Empirinėje dalyje nagrinėjamos sutrikusio intelekto jaunuolių asmenybės ypatumai (psichologinės ir būdo savybės, gebėjimai, vertybės ir nuostatos), socialiniai resursai (socialinė aplinka), stresinės situacijos ir jos subjektyvaus vertinimo ypatumai, įveikos veiksmai (strategijos), kuriuos individas atlieka, norėdamas prisitaikyti prie esamos situacijos. Svarbiausios empirinio tyrimo išvados: 1. Sutrikusio intelekto jaunuolių įveikos... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Theoretical analysis of structure of psychosocial characteristics and salutogenesis as the methodology of coping with difficulties and the analysis of the inner harmony and its component – difficulties coping strategies of young people with dysfunction of intelligence from orphanages and foster homes for children is presented in this Thesis. The hypothesis claims that the choice of difficulties coping strategies depends on personal characteristics of young people and the social environment. When coping with difficulties the disabled young people use fewer strategies requiring adaptation abilities. The research was conducted using the methods of interview and questionnaire. The aim of the research – to study the ways the young people with the dysfunction of intelligence from orphanages and foster homes for children cope with difficulties and the coping strategies they use. The analysis of the content of nonstandard material (the data were categorized according to semantic relations) and statistic data analysis (descriptive analysis of averages, standard deviations, factorial analysis) were done. 7 young people with the dysfunction of intelligence and 110 employees working in the boarding-school, guardians and members of their families (99, 8 and 3 respondents respectively) participated in the research. Personal peculiarities of young people with the dysfunction of intelligence (psychological and temper peculiarities, abilities, values and attitudes), social resources (social... [to full text]

But: L’objectif premier de cette étude est d’examiner la relation entre le type de passion que les athlètes entretiennent envers leur sport et les différentes stratégies de coping que ceux-ci utilisent. Cette étude a aussi comme objectif de vérifier si les stratégies de coping ont un effet médiateur dans la relation entre la passion et le burnout. Finalement, elle permettra d'approfondir les connaissances sur l'interaction entre le type de passion et le burnout. Les questions posées sont (1) Est-ce que les athlètes utilisent différentes stratégies de coping selon qu'ils soient passionnés harmonieux ou obsessifs? (2) Existe-t-il une différence entre les athlètes passionnés obsessifs et les athlètes passionnés harmonieux quant aux symptômes du burnout? (3) Existe-t-il une différence entre les athlètes utilisant des stratégies de coping orientées vers l'évitement et ceux utilisant des stratégies orientées vers la tâche quant aux symptômes du burnout? et (4) Est-ce que les athlètes qui sont passionnés obsessifs et qui utilisent des stratégies de coping orientés vers l'évitement sont ceux qui présentent le plus de symptômes du burnout? Méthodologie: L'échantillon est composé de 74 étudiants-athlètes de niveau universitaire. Résultats: (1) Les athlètes harmonieux utilisent plus de stratégies de coping orientées vers le déploiement des efforts et le contrôle des pensées que les athlètes obsessifs. (2) Les athlètes obsessifs utilisent le désengagement plus souvent que les athlètes harmonieux. (4) Les athlètes obsessifs présentent plus de symptômes d'épuisement que les athlètes harmonieux. (5) Les questions de recherche 3 et 4 se sont avérées non-significatives. / Objective: The main purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between the type of passion athletes have towards their sport and the coping strategies they use. Another objective is to study if coping strategies have a mediating role in the relationship between passion and burnout. Finally, this study will investigate the interaction between passion and burnout in sport. The specific objectives will be studied by four research questions. (1) Do harmoniously passionate and obsessively passionate athletes use different coping strategies? (2) Is there a difference between harmonious and obsessive athletes in the burnout symptoms they express? (3) Are there any differences between athletes using avoidance coping strategies and athletes using task-focused coping in the burnout symptoms they express? (4) Do obsessively passionate athletes using avoidance focused coping strategies will express more burnout symptoms than any other group? Method: The sample of this study is composed of 74 students-athletes competing on the university level. Results: (1) Harmoniously passionate athletes use more effort expenditure and thought control than obsessively passionate athletes (2) Obsessively passionate athletes use more disengagement than harmoniously passionate athletes. (4) Obsessively passionate athletes express more burnout symptom of exhaustion than harmonious athletes. (5) The results failed to support the hypothesis 3 and 4.

The purpose of the following study was to evaluate sexual trauma and the effects on women veteran's quality of life ratings and current and past coping strategies. Participants were screened for sexual trauma history and divided into five mutually exclusive categories: 1)childhood sexual trauma, 2)civilian adult sexual trauma, 3)military sexual trauma, 4)multiple sexual trauma, and 5)no sexual trauma. Results of the study were mixed, retaining some hypotheses and rejecting others. Results regarding differences in QOL for the sexual trauma groups were rejected, as none of the QOL analyses were significant. Issues of small effect size for the QOL measure and low power to detect differences are discussed as limitations in the current study. Several significant findings were detected in the coping analyses. As predicted, the no trauma group was found to use significantly more approach coping strategies than the sexual trauma group for the past problem. Additionally, the sexual trauma group used significantly more avoidant coping techniques for past problem than the no trauma group. No between group differences were detected for sexual trauma type, however, several significant differences emerged in the comparisons of the multiple sexual trauma and military sexual trauma group's past coping compared to the no sexual trauma group's coping strategies. For past coping, the no trauma group used more approach strategies than the military or multiple trauma group. Past and current significant CRI subscale differences were also detected. Results regarding the relationship between QOL and CRI were rejected, as the two scales were not found to correlate significantly. Trauma history and avoidant coping were also nonsignificant predictors for General Life Satisfaction on the QOL measure. Additional exploratory analyses are presented as well as implications for research, theory and clinical practice.