Le contrat de gestion collective est un acte qui a toujours suscité réflexion et qui demeure un mécanisme original. Son étude devait, en premier lieu, permettre d’en identifier la nature juridique. Qualifié d’« autorisation de gestion » par l’ordonnance n° 2016-1823 du 22 décembre 2016 et d’« apport » par la quasi-totalité des statuts desgestion collective, celui-ci permet d’organiser l’exercice collectif des droits d’auteur. L’examen de son objet, de ses finalités, ainsi que de ses effets, aussi bien à l’égard des parties qu’à l’égard du droit transmis en gestion, était nécessaire, pour découvrir sa structure juridique, ainsi que sa dynamique. Aussi, la présente thèse propose de retenir une qualification unitaire à l’égard de ce contrat particulier, pratiqué désormais depuis des siècles, et qui conserve la particularité de mettre en exergue les nouveaux modes d’exercice de la propriété, et singulièrement de la propriété intellectuelle. / The contract of collective copyrights management is an act, which has always been source of doctrinal reflection and which remains original in many aspects. Studying this mechanism required to identify its legal (judicial) nature. Qualified as an “authorization of management” by the ordinance n° 2016-1823, from the 22th December 2016, and as a “company contribution” by the articles of these companies, it allows organizing the collective exercise of copyright which is usually individual. The assessment of the object, of the use, as well as the effects on contracting parties and on transferred rights was necessary to discover its legal framework and its own dynamism. The purpose of this thesis is to underline its originality of this contract, which brings to light the fact of new ways of the exercise of property, and singularly of the intellectual property.

The provision of online music streaming services and the management of copyright in the light of the Directive 2014/26/EU and its implementation in the Czech Republic and Denmark Abstract This thesis presents an insight into the management of copyright in musical works, with particular focus on their use in provision of online streaming services, together with the discernment of the individual aspects of such management in the context of changes brought about by the Directive 2014/26/EU and its implementation in the Czech Republic and Denmark. The aim of this thesis is to primarily describe the various models of copyright management and their importance for both the users of works and the right holders in the contemporary era of digital uses, and at the same time to analyse the individual legislative interventions into these models, confront them and infer possible de lege ferenda implications. The introductory part of the thesis also describes the streaming technology itself, especially with regard to its copyright aspects, whose grasp is essential for a proper description of the different modes of protection and application of copyright. The thesis is divided into eight chapters. The first chapter describes the historical development of copyright protection of works in the digital environment. The...

在數位出版產業中，台灣出版業者面對網路改革的壓力，積極尋找網路數位出版發展趨勢與商業模式，並且華文網路市場機會的興起以及網路社會上智慧財產權的日益重要，本研究將以智慧財產權管理的角度探討在網路中，臺灣出版業者如何尋找新的商業模式掌握此次出版業的革命商機，為廠商提出發展建議。 網路數位出版，意指在內容出版的過程，從內容創造、流通到利用都是以數位化的技術進行，並且在網路的環境中完成這些過程。網路數位出版平台，指的是溝通內容創造與內容利用兩端的中間者。負責聯絡兩方平台業者所面對的智財權議題以著作權最為重要，因為數位出版產業立基於內容發展，而著作權主要說明內容的管理。 本研究從網路長尾理論出發，以該現象形成的原因作為分析廠商的智財權管理的面向，分析專業數位出版平台—商業周刊網站，以及業餘數位出版平台—PIXNET，尋找商業模式與智財權管理的關連性。 根據個案訪談的結果分析，專業數位出版平台內容發行與智財權管理皆為以業者角度為主的單向，然而業餘數位出版平台的內容發行與智財權管理都是以互動的方式完成，平台之商業模式確實影響智財權的管理。除此之外，對於未來數位出版平台的發展，專業與業餘之間的藩籬逐漸消弭，成為兩者的綜合，本研究亦建議業者朝向專業與業餘並行的發展方向前進。 / The importance of intellectual property increases with the growth of Chinese internet market. Taiwan publishers are now confronted with the pressure from internet innovation and thus are forced to find out a new business model and more opportunity. This study will focus on the possible business model of digital publishing and the strategy of IP management which Taiwan publishers should adopt. Digital publishing suggests an all-digitalized publication process. Every step of publication, from content creation, editing, publishing, selling to application, can be completed all through the internet. The platform of digital publishing serves to communicate both side of content providers and users. Hence, copyright of the digital content and the management of copyright becomes one of the most important intellectual property issues. The thesis will begin with Chris Anderson’s Long Tail theory. Two websites of digital publishing in Taiwan will be chosen for analysis: the Business Weekly as the commercial plaform and PIXNET Blog as the avocational one. Through the comparison, the study aims to find out the connections between the business model and the intellectual property management. According to the case studies, the content and the intellectual property management of commercial platform are unidirectional, decided by managers. On the other hand, tthese of avocational one are bidirectional, influenced by website managers and users. Intellectual property managements are influenced by different business model. However, it would be the trend that the barrier between commercial platform and the avocational one will melt away and the business model of website in the future will change. The business model and intellectual property management of digital publishing platform should combine characteristics of both commercial and avocational one.