Taiwan's Uni-President Enterprise Corp. started its business from flour. In order to save costs, Uni-President proceeded with a vertical industrial integration at the initial stage, opened additional businesses at the middle stage, and diversified until recently. He has been playing a pivotal role as a pioneer for marketing, product development, and even diversification strategies in this industry. With the expansion of overseas investments, Uni-President Enterprise Corp. received significant benefits from economies of scale. South Korea has been a formidable competitor to Taiwan. Our market is not only flooded with various Korean electronic equipment, household appliances and audio-visual entertainment, but also the foods. For example, the koala-shape biscuits and chocopie, which are rather popular, are from Lotte, the food industry leader of South Korea. These two enterprises are both leaders in the food industry, and take integration and diversification as parts of their development process. Diversification of product and business is the main method to facilitate growth. M&A (Merger & Acquisition) is the fastest and safest way to enter a new business field. Taiwan's Uni-President Enterprise Corp. and Korea's Lotte Group are the main cases for this study. Here we analyzed their strategies and motivations to understand the synergy and business performance these groups have as well as their differences.

The study is to explore China¡¦s entry strategies of the multinational satellite television channels, discussing how satellite television channels of some multinational media corporations entered the highly regulated China market. As an exploratory research in essence, the study is conducted through literature analysis, case studies, and in-depth interviews. Among them, satellite television channels of the two media giants , AOL Time Warner and News Corp., are the focus of the case studies : corporate characteristics of the two multinational media corporations are taken as independent variables, while China¡¦s entry strategies of the corporations¡¦ satellite television channels are taken as dependent variables. Through this logic, the study attempts to make some propositions about the strategies used by multinational satellite television channels when entering China. Six preliminary propositions about China¡¦s entry strategies are made in the following aspects : ¡§ difference of the entry channel positioning ¡¨, ¡§ entry timing, local commitment made by the channel, and performance of the entry channel ¡¨, ¡§ value chain integration of the satellite television channel industry and local partnership ¡¨, ¡§ human resources management of the entry channel ¡¨, and ¡§ entry/ investment fields other than the satellite television channel industry ¡¨. Based on the propositions, the study then concludes that for multinational media corporations, the more inclined the parent company is categorized as multinational company in MNC category, the clearer the parent company/top manager perceives China market, the stronger the top managers¡¦ strategic intent on China market, and the richer experience the parent company owns in foreign market entry, then the more local commitment the multinational satellite television channels would make, which benefits the channel performances as a result.

The high-tech industry is an extremely fast-paced and highly competitive one with constant changes and with companies entering and exiting the playing field in a matter of months. Within this ruthless environment Dell Inc. emerged as a singular player in January 1984 and rose to be the world’s largest personal computer maker in just seventeen years in 2001. One has to ask what made Dell so special and how did Michael Dell make his fortune from his dormitory room at the University of Texas at Austin. Furthermore, what explains Dell’s decline from its number one position in the world in 2001 to barely number three now as it stands behind Acer and clearly behind the current industry leader Hewlett-Packard? This paper is an attempt to take the reader through the history of the rise and fall of Dell. More importantly, it seeks to identify the weaknesses as well as strengths, and advantages as well disadvantages of the business model of this company. Finally, the paper will outline the necessary steps that Dell must take to reclaim the crown of the largest and most successful computer manufacturer in the world. / text

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2017-03-21T18:23:20Z No. of bitstreams: 1 RafaelaAndradeDoNascimento_DISSERT.pdf: 1617920 bytes, checksum: 8ec06168159d914f1d3c18d68e691475 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Monica Paiva (monicalpaiva@hotmail.com) on 2017-03-21T18:28:55Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 RafaelaAndradeDoNascimento_DISSERT.pdf: 1617920 bytes, checksum: 8ec06168159d914f1d3c18d68e691475 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-21T18:28:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 RafaelaAndradeDoNascimento_DISSERT.pdf: 1617920 bytes, checksum: 8ec06168159d914f1d3c18d68e691475 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-01-23 / Introdu??o: Estudos sugerem que, durante o envelhecimento reprodutivo feminino, as modifica??es hormonais sejam acompanhadas por altera??es na composi??o corp?rea, que se caracterizam principalmente pelo decl?nio da massa magra, aumento da massa gorda e modifica??o do padr?o da distribui??o de gordura corporal. Entretanto, existem poucos estudos que abordem essa rela??o, a qual ainda n?o ? bem estabelecida na literatura. Objetivo: Avaliar rela??o entre o est?gio menopausal e a composi??o corp?rea em mulheres nos diferentes est?gios do envelhecimento reprodutivo feminino. Materiais e M?todos: Trata-se de um estudo transversal, onde foram coletados dados s?cio-demogr?ficos, hist?rico ginecol?gico, composi??o corp?rea, dosagens bioqu?micas e dados de qualidade de vida, em uma amostra de mulheres entre 40 e 65 anos do munic?pio de Parnamirim-RN. Para avaliar a rela??o entre as vari?veis independentes e as vari?veis desfechos da composi??o corp?rea foram utilizados Test T, ANOVA, Qui-quadrado e Correla??o de Pearson. An?lises de regress?o linear foram realizadas para analisar a rela??o entre o est?gio menopausal e a composi??o corp?rea. Resultados: Foram avaliadas 389 mulheres com m?dia de idade de 49,5 (?5,6) anos. Destas, 26,7% eram pr?-menopausadas, 39,1% peri-menopausadas e 34,2% p?s-menopausadas. Quando comparadas as mulheres da pr?-menopausa com as do grupo da p?s-menopausa, houve um aumento da porcentagem de massa gorda (p=0,01), dos valores de circunfer?ncia de cintura (p=0,04) e uma diminui??o da porcentagem de massa magra (p=0,04). Al?m disso, em rela??o ? porcentagem de massa gorda, houve diferen?a em rela??o ?s vari?veis escolaridade (p=0,03) e atividade f?sica (p=0,03). Quanto aos exames bioqu?micos, foram observadas diferen?as significativas entre os grupos do est?gio menopausal, para os valores de Estradiol, Glicose, Colesterol e LDL, sendo p<0,01 para todos. Ap?s as an?lises de regress?o m?ltipla linear, o est?gio menopausal se manteve estatisticamente relacionado ?s vari?veis de composi??o corp?rea analisadas (p<0,001). Conclus?es: Os dados apresentados, a partir da amostra deste estudo, s?o de fundamental import?ncia para o aprimoramento do perfil do envelhecimento feminino, al?m de fornecer subs?dios para o planejamento de a??es de sa?de voltadas para essa popula??o. / Introdu??o: Estudos sugerem que, durante o envelhecimento reprodutivo feminino, as modifica??es hormonais sejam acompanhadas por altera??es na composi??o corp?rea, que se caracterizam principalmente pelo decl?nio da massa magra, aumento da massa gorda e modifica??o do padr?o da distribui??o de gordura corporal. Entretanto, existem poucos estudos que abordem essa rela??o, a qual ainda n?o ? bem estabelecida na literatura. Objetivo: Avaliar rela??o entre o est?gio menopausal e a composi??o corp?rea em mulheres nos diferentes est?gios do envelhecimento reprodutivo feminino. Materiais e M?todos: Trata-se de um estudo transversal, onde foram coletados dados s?cio-demogr?ficos, hist?rico ginecol?gico, composi??o corp?rea, dosagens bioqu?micas e dados de qualidade de vida, em uma amostra de mulheres entre 40 e 65 anos do munic?pio de Parnamirim-RN. Para avaliar a rela??o entre as vari?veis independentes e as vari?veis desfechos da composi??o corp?rea foram utilizados Test T, ANOVA, Qui-quadrado e Correla??o de Pearson. An?lises de regress?o linear foram realizadas para analisar a rela??o entre o est?gio menopausal e a composi??o corp?rea. Resultados: Foram avaliadas 389 mulheres com m?dia de idade de 49,5 (?5,6) anos. Destas, 26,7% eram pr?-menopausadas, 39,1% peri-menopausadas e 34,2% p?s-menopausadas. Quando comparadas as mulheres da pr?-menopausa com as do grupo da p?s-menopausa, houve um aumento da porcentagem de massa gorda (p=0,01), dos valores de circunfer?ncia de cintura (p=0,04) e uma diminui??o da porcentagem de massa magra (p=0,04). Al?m disso, em rela??o ? porcentagem de massa gorda, houve diferen?a em rela??o ?s vari?veis escolaridade (p=0,03) e atividade f?sica (p=0,03). Quanto aos exames bioqu?micos, foram observadas diferen?as significativas entre os grupos do est?gio menopausal, para os valores de Estradiol, Glicose, Colesterol e LDL, sendo p<0,01 para todos. Ap?s as an?lises de regress?o m?ltipla linear, o est?gio menopausal se manteve estatisticamente relacionado ?s vari?veis de composi??o corp?rea analisadas (p<0,001). Conclus?es: Os dados apresentados, a partir da amostra deste estudo, s?o de fundamental import?ncia para o aprimoramento do perfil do envelhecimento feminino, al?m de fornecer subs?dios para o planejamento de a??es de sa?de voltadas para essa popula??o.

As empresas, centrais no modelo de desenvolvimento capitalista, estão sendo questionadas sobre suas ações na resolução de problemas da sociedade e sobre a tradicional orientação ao desempenho financeiro. Como resposta, novos modelos organizacionais buscam articulações capazes de criar um elo entre o lucro e o interesse socioambiental. Citado como exemplo do conceito de organizações híbridas, o Movimento B Corp torna-se um rico objeto de estudo para a compreensão das alternativas de revisão da atuação das organizações. Com o mote principal de \"redefinir o conceito de sucesso nos negócios\", envolve as frentes de certificação, legislação e investimento de impacto. O presente estudo descritivo-exploratório, de caráter qualitativo e base interpretativa-construtivista, buscou compreender melhor a identidade deste movimento à luz do conceito emergente de organizações híbridas, na esteira de tendências e conceitos que visam tratar o papel socioambiental das organizações. Para responder a pergunta de pesquisa se e como as Empresas B (B Corp) constituem um modelo de hibridismo organizacional, esta pesquisa envolveu uma abordagem multimétodos de coleta, codificação e análise dos dados na combinação de duas etapas de investigação. A primeira etapa - Retrato do Movimento B Corp - buscou entender seus significados a partir da percepção dos atores envolvidos, no Brasil e Estados Unidos, incluindo um conjunto de 12 entrevistas com representantes do movimento, líderes de empresas B certificadas ou com potencial de certificação e acadêmico. A segunda etapa - Retrato das Empresas B no Brasil - possibilitou traçar o perfil das empresas certificadas no País por meio da análise de dados secundários das comunicações institucionais nos seus websites próprios e do movimento. Por meio dos resultados obtidos nesta pesquisa, percebe-se que a certificação pode ser considerada uma evolução dos mecanismos de prestação de contas ao incluir as etapas de comprovação das informações, auditoria, compromisso legal e identificação pelo selo concedido. A inclusão de cláusulas específicas que incluem os interesses dos stakeholders nos documentos legais torna-se um dos principais diferenciais e aspecto simbólico do movimento. No entanto, não é possível afirmar que representa um novo modelo de organização ou tipo ideal de hibridismo organizacional, mas de um caminho nessa intenção. O grupo de empresas estudadas engloba uma abrangência maior de níveis de hibridismo organizacional, valorizando a forma como os negócios são conduzidos, mas não, necessariamente, sua atividade-fim e sua missão socioambiental como orientadora do modelo de negócios. A heterogeneidade de empresas certificadas é uma das principais características do movimento e, ao mesmo tempo, um dos grandes desafios para sua distinção. O posicionamento ideológico e a atração de investidores de impacto são os principais motivadores para a certificação, que é percebida como uma forma de conferir legitimidade ao diferencial socioambiental das empresas. A percepção de ser uma marca pouco conhecida e de falta de benefícios práticos figura entre as principais fragilidades compensadas pelo fato de pertencer a uma comunidade que partilha dos mesmos valores e o potencial de networking e parcerias. Ao fornecer uma visão panorâmica e analítica sobre o movimento, estaa pesquisa serve como ponto de partida para estudos futuros e para o desenvolvimento do conceito de organizações híbridas. / Businesses and enterprises as key elements in the capitalist development model are actually being questioned about their actions in the resolution of society\'s problems and regarding their traditional focus on financial performance. New organizational models seek to produce articulations capable of creating a bond between profit and socio-environmental interest. Many authors cite the B Corp Movement as one of the main examples of the concept of hybrid organizations. It then becomes a rich object of study to understand the alternatives for reviewing organizational practices. One of its main mottos is \"to redefine the success in business\". The Movement operates in three main areas: certification, law and impact investment. This descriptive-exploratory and qualitative study, based on an interpretative-constructivist paradigm, aims to better understand the identity of the B Corp Movement according to the emerging concept of hybrid organizations, following other trends and definitions that seek to treat the socioenvironmental role of business. To answer the research questions - If and how B Corps are a model of organizational hybridity -, this research involved a multi-method approach of information collection, codification and analysis in a combination of two investigation phases. The first phase - A Portrait of the B Corp Movement - looked to comprehend the meanings from their actors\' perspective. The fieldwork consisted of 12 interviews with main stakeholders in Brazil and the United States, such as the movement representatives, leaders of certified B Corps and prospect enterprises. The second phase - A Portrait of Certified Companies - enabled to profile the Brazilian certified business through secondary data analysis. The sources for the analyzed material were the websites, made available on the internet by them, and their profiles on the global and regional website of the B Corp Community. From the results of this research, the certification can be perceived as an evolution of social and environmental accountability mechanisms, by including steps of information evidences, auditing, legal commitment and seal/certification identification. The inclusion of the interests of stakeholders in legal documents is one of the key differentiators and symbolic aspect of the movement. However, it is still not possible to say that they represent a new organizational model or an ideal type of hybrid organization, but rather a path on this intention. The studied group of enterprises comprises a larger scope on organizational hybridity levels, placing more emphasis the way businesses are conducted, but not necessarily their core business, main-activities or social mission as a guide for business model. It can be noticed the heterogeneity of certified companies as one of the main characteristics of the movement and, at the same time, one of their biggest challenges to be distinguished. The ideological positioning and impact investment attraction are the main motivating factors for a company to certify. Earning the seal is perceived as a way to ensure legitimacy for a socioenvironmental differential. The low awareness of B Corp as a brand and the lack practical benefits are among the main weaknesses, compensated by being part of a shared values community and the potential for network and partnerships. By providing a panoramic and analytical overview of the movement, this study serves as a starting point for future researches related to the subject and for the development of the concept of hybrid organizations.

In 1979, Iran underwent the Islamic Revolution, which radically changed society. The Iranian Revolution Guard (IRGC) was born from the revolution and has witnessed its role in society changed over time. Many have said the IRGC has reached the apex of its power and is one of if not the dominating force in Iranian society. The most recent extension of the IRGC's control is in the economic realm. The purpose of this research is to explain the reasoning and mechanism behind this recent gain in power. The literature review demonstrates flaws by previous studies of Iran. Most used a singular focus on explaining the IRGC's influence on Iran's economy by only focusing on political or economic aspects. This study will show how explaining the political economy of Iran best explains the role of the IRGC in Iran. The research uses event-data analysis to synthesize previous research performed on Iran. The researcher used various sources to explain the recent rise in the IRGC's power. Focus was placed on explaining three aspects of Iran's political economy, elected institutions, accountable businesses, and unaccountable businesses. Elected institutions included the majlis (the Iranian parliament) and the presidency. Accountable businesses included businesses which reported information to the Iranian central government while unaccountable businesses reported no information to the Iranian central government. Although presence in all three increased, elected institutions and accountable businesses witnessed a greater amount of presence than unaccountable institutions.

Employer provided Qualified Plans ("Qualified Plans") are the most efficient supplement to Social Security savings and benefits. Given the significance of the benefits provided as well as the short-term Revenue constraints upon the Federal government in the form of substantially protracted tax deferrals, Qualified Plan legislation should maintain a conservative disposition. Incremental legislative action in the right direction will steadily graduate ERISA to its intended purpose. Unfortunately ERISA is a convoluted maze of formalities, definitions, and regulation that are only substantially understood by an expert and have yet to be adequately explained to the public at large. Recent publications such as Retirement Heist rouse the public's consciousness of retirement Plans by enumerating perceived abuses by large corporations. These alleged abuses certainly reflect innovative manipulations within the constraints of Qualified Plans. However, my thesis will prove that these "abuses" reflect the United States' disposition toward the rights of proprietorship regarding the Qualified Plan. The intent of the thesis is to illustrate this disposition through a study of the Amara v. Cigna Corp. case as well as a review of an actual LLC's defined benefit plan conversion to a cash balance plan. I will compare and contrast the different approaches taken by these two employers and justify the varied success they each experienced in converting their plans. Through this process, the thesis shall draw conclusions on the United States' dispositions toward ownership of the qualified plan.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-29T13:31:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Edna Barbosa da Silva.pdf: 530065 bytes, checksum: 9ed8fa802678c2bcac08ef7a6b0a8551 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-07-24 / It is a research that involves individuals immersed in the Firefighters Corp s military environment who demonstrate saving lives as the main task. Knowing the processes involving the professional choice of the military firefighters and understanding how the firefighter character is built considering the continuous exposure to human suffering were the goals established for the development of this research which had as a main stage the 17th Mogi das Cruzes City Firefighter s Brigade of the São Paulo State. Through the qualitative approach with the analysis of the data obtained from the interviews made, it was possible to understand which elements are present in the moment of the professional choice and the resources used by these individuals in the construction of the firefighter character. The training undertaken and the socialization that takes place among them were the main factor identified in the process of the professional identity construction / Trata-se de uma pesquisa envolvendo indivíduos enseridos no universo militar da Corporação de Bombeiros de São Paulo que apresentam como atividade principal salvar vidas . Conhecer os processos que envolvem a escolha profissional dos bombeiros militares e compreender como ocorre a construção do personagem bombeiro considerando a contínua exposição ao sofrimento humano, foram os objetivos criados para a realização dessa pesquisa, que teve como palco principal o 17º Grupamento de Bombeiros do Município de Mogi das Cruzes do Estado de São Paulo. Através de uma abordagem qualitativa om a análise de conteúdo das entrevistas realizadas foi possível compreender quais elementos estão presentes no momento da escolha profissional e os recursos utilizados por esses indivíduos na construção do personagem bombeiro. A formação recebida e a socialização ocorrida entre eles foi o principal fator identificado no processo de construção dessa identidade profissional

Cette étude utilise la méthode ethnographique pour décrire le quotidien des groupes des femmes collecteurs des matériels recyclables d'une ville du secteur métropolitain de Porto Alegre. En partant de la question sur comme les relations de genre et de travail sont configurées, la recherche a été développé à trois endroits où les collecteurs étaient : la rue, le hangar de recyclage et les ateliers de formation. En commençant de cet itinéraire, la relation est discutée avec le noyau du Mouvement national des Collecteurs de Matériels Recyclables, les difficultés trouvées dans la recherche et les particularités d'un chercheur masculin pour développer la recherche remarquablement dans un contexte féminin. Il est cherché pour comprendre, aussi, la voie comme les femmes collecteurs travaillent leurs corps pendant des moments différents, aussi bien que les hiérarchies existantes dans le travail et les espaces de travail où les relations de genre n'obéissent pas à une logique capable de naturaliser la division sexuelle du travail. Finalement, on concluit que les manières de travail des collecteurs sont liées à la manière comment les relations de genre sont configurées et à la manière comment les femmes collecteurs travaillent leurs corps dans les diverses contextes, ce qui envoie à un état progressivement precaire du travail féminin. / Este estudo utiliza o método etnográfico para descrever o cotidiano de grupos de catadoras/es de materiais recicláveis de uma cidade da região metropolitana de Porto Alegre. Partindo da questão de como se configuram as relações de gênero e de trabalho, o trabalho de campo foi desenvolvido em três locais onde as/os catadoras se faziam presentes: a rua, o galpão de reciclagem e as oficinas de formação. A partir deste itinerário, discute-se a relação com um núcleo do Movimento Nacional dos Catadores de Materiais Recicláveis, as dificuldades encontradas na pesquisa e as peculiaridades de um pesquisador do sexo masculino desenvolver a pesquisa em um contexto marcadamente feminino. Busca-se compreender, também, a maneira como as/os catadoras lidam com seu corpo em diferentes momentos, assim como as hierarquias existentes no trabalho e os espaços de trabalho onde as relações de gênero não obedecem a uma lógica naturalizante da divisão sexual do trabalho. Por fim, conclui-se que os modos de trabalhar das/os catadoras/es estão ligados a maneira como se configuram as relações de gênero e a maneira como as/os catadoras/es lidam com seus corpos nos diversos contextos, o que remete a uma precarização do trabalho feminino. / This study uses the ethnographic method to describe the daily events of groups that collect recyclable materials from a town in the metropolitan region of Porto Alegre. Starting with the question of how gender relations in the workplace are configured, the study was conducted at three sites where the groups were present: the street, the recycling centers and workshops. From this itinerary, we discuss the relationship of the core of the National Movement of Collectors of Recyclable Materials, the difficulties encountered in the research and the peculiarities of a male researcher developing a research in a context markedly feminine. We also seek to understand the way the collectors deal with their bodies at different times, as well as the existing hierarchies in the workplace and working environments where gender relations do not obey the logic of sexual division in the workplace. Finally, we conclude that their way of work is directly linked to the way they deal, with their bodies in various contexts, with leads to a precariousness of women‟s work.

Entre les personnes et les choses, les embryons et les cadavres sont souvent représentés comme des objets juridiques non-identifiés. Cependant, une analyse détaillée du travail de la jurisprudence et du législateur dans l’élaboration de leur de leur régime montre que la qualification des corps n’est pas tant imprécise qu’éludée. L’extrême sensibilité politique de la question conduit à la construction d’un droit fractionné, proposant des solutions ponctuelles à des questions précises, sans véritable souci de cohérence catégorielle.Pourtant, présentant la qualification comme une véritable question de connaissance du droit, une partie de la doctrine semble parfois éluder la dimension politique de cette construction. Recourant , pour identifier la nature des corps, à des disciplines extérieures au droit (biologie, psychanalyse, philosophie…) sans toujours mettre en lumière les difficultés épistémologiques liées à cette démarche, les auteurs renouvellent en la matière une approche jusnaturaliste prescriptive qui ne dit pas toujours son nom.Or, l’étude de l’évolution des qualifications et des régimes appliqués aux embryons et aux cadavres montre que le véritable problème est surtout que les catégories établies entre les corps par le droit sont avant tout des classements. Tous les corps ne bénéficient pas de la même protection du droit et le statut des embryons et des cadavres reflète bien souvent les hiérarchies existant entre les personnes : distinctions sociales, religieuses, genrées, racialisées etc.. Se pose alors la question des remèdes possibles à ces multiples catégorisations des corps : assouplissements ponctuels ou transformation radicale du droit ? / Embryos and corpses are often presented as unidentified legal objects, in between people and things. However, a detailed analysis of French case law and statute law shows that the classification of bodies is not unclear, but eluded. The extreme political sensitivity of the matter leads to the construction of a subdivided law, offering one-time solutions to specific questions, without due regard to categorical coherence. Most of the doctrine seems to elude the political dimension of this construction and presents classification as an actual question of legal knowledge. Resorting to extraneous disciplines (biology, psychoanalysis, philosophy…) in order to identify the nature of the bodies, authors seem to repeat a prescriptive approach based on natural law theory even if they often deny it.In contrast, a historical approach of classification and legal systems applied to embryos and corpses reveals that the main issue is that the bodies’ categories induced by law are above all hierarchization. All bodies do not benefit from the same legal protection and the status of embryos and corpses very often reflects existing hierarchies between individuals – distinctions based on social level, religion, gender, ethnicity… Hence a question arises as to possible solutions to this manifold categorization of bodies : should the law be relaxed in isolated cases or should a more radical transformation of the law be considered ?