The development of concordatarian law from the year 1964 onward The goal of this thesis is the analysis and comparisson of concordatarian law in few select countries. This thesis is mainly focused on the countries of Central Europe (Czech Republic, Slovak Republic, Republic of Poland, Federal Republic of Germany). In order to expand the scope of this thesis, two other countries were chosen. The first one is the Kingdom of Spain, which represents a unique example of a gradual change between the so called traditional concordatarian system and the new and modern system developed after the conclusion of the Second Vatican Council. The second country, that was chosen is the Republic of Colombia as a non-European country with long and interesting history of concordatarian tradition. The thesis itself is divided into two main parts. The first part (composed of the first two chapters) aims to define the basic terms, which are used throughout the entire thesis. Such basic terms as concordat, the subjects of concordatarian agreements, the Holy See and others are defined in the first chapter. Also the international legal personality of the Holy See and its historical development is examined in the same chapter as well. The Second Vatican Council and its teachings had a profound impact on the concordatarian...

in English The topic of this thesis is the regulation of employees' right to transnational information and consultation within Community-scale undertakings or Community-scale Groups of undertakings. Firstly, the right to information and consultation at the national level and the forms of employees' representation in the Czech Republic are introduced. Then the thesis explains the respective European directives and describes relevant cases of the Court of Justice of the EU, followed by a detailed analysis of the Czech legislation in the Labour Code. The next chapter focuses on the German transposition of this regulation. Eventually, the last chapter is a research on the operation of active European Works Councils in practice in the European Union and in the Czech Republic. The purpose of the thesis is to provide a comprehensive overview of the regulation of information and consultation procedures at transnational level and to introduce its operation in practice.

This Thesis analyses the position of the Slovak National Council from 1944 through 1948 as a body that had acquired all legislative, executive and government powers after its revolutionary establishment in Slovakia. The Thesis also deals with the period preceding the constitution of the Slovak National Council in order to point out the historical reasons of establishment of this Slovak national authority in light of developing Czech-Slovak relationships from late 18th century to the Slovak National Uprising, after which the Slovak National Council had been established and taken the reins thereof afterwards. The Slovak National Council is considered in this Thesis a Slovak national authority which originated under the circumstances of the historical period as an expression of the Slovak nation's independence concurrently entering the anti-fascist and anti-nationalist struggle aimed at release from the factual German thraldom. Slovak National Council in 1944 through 1948 reflects the Slovak nation's position within the period common restoration of the Czechoslovak Republic and the Thesis analyses how the position had been deteriorating due to the following historical events, particularly due to power ambitions of the Soviet Union pursuing its sphere of influence in the Czechoslovak Republic mainly...

The aim of my thesis is both to describe the steps of the OAS and the Council of Europe in the fight against terrorism and also to compare their approach in this area. The thesis is divided into four chapters, which are further subdivided into three parts. The first two parts of each chapter describe the steps of each organization separately, the third part compares their approach and puts it into the context. The first chapter examines the reasons for which these organizations decided to implement the fight against terrorism on their agendas and maps the adoption of the first international instruments. Although the time scale of the activity in this area rather overlaps, I point out the different approaches of the two organizations in terms of the adopted counter- terrorism conventions. The following chapter is devoted to the period after the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, when a review of existing documents took place and the counter-terrorism cooperation between the countries of both regions was intensified. In this chapter, I discuss in detail the newly adopted international tools and compare their impact on the existing regulation. In the third chapter, I try to outline new areas of interest in the field of counter- terrorism. The focus is shifted to the issues like financing of...

The Right to Use a Minority Language in European Law Key words Minority languages, European Union, Council of Europe Summary The purpose of my thesis is to describe and analyse the right to use minority languages in the Council of Europe and in the European Union. The change of lifestyle and globalisation lead to the increased pressure on the European minority languages, from which many occur in the Atlas of the Worlds' Languages in Danger published by UNESCO. It is the description of the starting points and possibilities of the law protection, primarily on the ground of the two above mentioned international organisations that could reverse a rather unfavourable development in this area, which form the basis of this paper. The attention is paid to the positive rights of so called traditional minorities; the prohibition of discrimination is mentioned only marginally, as well as the problem of migrants' languages and related topics. First part of the thesis is focused on the description of bases of the language law and politics and their relation to the protection of (national) minorities, whose part is the right to use minority languages, as well as the analysis of the single components of this right. First chapter brings an overview of the legal regulation of minority rights in the context of the European...

This study attempts to present the relations between discourse and ideology in debates taking place in the Bahraini Council of Representatives. It uses critical discourse analysis (CDA) and the Sociocognitive Approach (SCA) to ground the theoretical claims in the idea that Shiite members of parliament (MPs) in the Bahraini Council of Representatives employ discursive strategies differently from Sunni MPs. To test this hypothesis, the research aims first to observe whether, and if so how, the Sunni parties and the Shiite party employ discursive devices and strategies differently to achieve three ideological goals: attempting to gain political advantage discursively in parliamentary debates on topics related to dissent control and political freedom; manoeuvring the definitions of self and others in the contexts of dissent control and political rights; and manipulating the law to support one’s party’s and/or sectarian affiliation’s ideological stances about dissent-controlling laws and the definition of political freedom and political rights. The second aim of the research is to explore whether and how the use of discursive devices and strategies reflects the sectarian ideological conflict in Bahrain. The research critically analyses excerpts on dissent control and personal freedom from the Hansard of the Bahraini Council of Representatives. The research first marks discursive devices used by MPs. It then identifies discursive strategies. The research detects three major discursive strategies that are fulfilled by using the devices and called them ‘corroborating by information’; ‘intensifying grievance’; and ‘centralising pride and dignity’. The analysis shows that some discursive devices are used more intensively, though not exclusively, under certain strategies. The research also notes that the Shiite party, Al Wefaq, employs the strategy of intensifying grievance more often than other strategies. The Al Wefaq members demonstrate more tendency toward objecting than do the other parties to the dissent control in Bahrain. The research relates this tendency to the ideologies of Shi’ism as a religious and political institution that heavily relies on the ideology of protest and the feeling of injustice and discrimination. Finally, the research provides a preview of the use of identified strategies during the unrest that started in Bahrain in February 2011.

The Arts Council of New Orleans is the official arts agency of New Orleans, located at 935 Gravier Street. The organization supports and develops the arts community through many different programming initiatives, including administering grants, managing a monthly Arts Market, and providing business training to artists. In this internship report, I discuss my role within the organization during my internship, which began in January 2013 and lasted through June 2013. I then analyze my observations of the organization’s strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats, and provide recommendations for improving the Arts Council’s operations based on best practices and expert literature in the field of nonprofit management. The Arts Council hired a new CEO in May of 2013, after a seven-year period of operating under interim management. With a permanent leader now in place, the organization is in a position to apply my recommendations so it can grow into a stronger arts agency, and better serve the New Orleans community.

Philosophiae Doctor - PhD / The transformation of local government in South Africa has established a complex model of multiple principals exercising municipal budget oversight on municipal managers. However, earlier research has not sufficiently focused on the phenomenon of the multiplicity of principals and its wider institutional architecture, relationship dynamics and effects in order to understand the institutional constellations of oversight principals, their behaviour and their interactions on the municipal budget process. Particularly, an empirical exploration focusing on understanding the experiences and perceptions of municipal managers and oversight principals on oversight through the multiple principal model remains elusive. The aim of this study was to explore and describe the experiences and perceptions of municipal managers, municipal councillors and the Provincial Treasury on the multiple oversight principals’ model, its manifestations, dynamics and effects on municipal budget oversight. The study utilised principal-agent theory to develop a conceptual and theoretical framework, and utilised the interpretive qualitative case study of the Western Cape to guide the research process. A sample of respondents consisting five (5) municipal managers, one (1) Provincial Treasury representative and ten (10) municipal councillors from municipalities in the Western Cape were interviewed for the study. The transcribed data from the 16 interviews were analysed, using a qualitative analysis method. The study findings reaffirmed the existence of multiple principals bequeathed with authority to exercise of municipal budget oversight in the Western Cape Province. Strong evidence emerged that application of the multiple principal model manifests independent, conflicting and fragmented budget oversight relationships and behaviour between the Provincial Treasury and municipal councillors during different stages of the municipal budget process. While the study acknowledges that the model and its application generates both positive and negative effects resulting in too complex, onerous and conflict-prone oversight relationships, it also highlighted these effects as necessary intrinsic attributes that do not necessarily have to manifest adverse consequences on the municipal budget oversight. These findings contradict the common-sense advocates for a collective model that emphasises coordination to improve cohesiveness among oversight principals, especially between the Provincial Treasury and the municipal councillors. The findings confirm that the Municipal Finance Management Act has consciously established a responsive system that distributes oversight among autonomous political structures in order to comprehensively eclipse the discretion of the municipal manager with varied and complementary oversight expertise, energy and diversity.

This diploma thesis and its research deals with the preparedness of the population, pedagogues and representatives of municipal council, to participate in tasks of population protection during the leak of dangerous chemical substances. The work develops research from my Bachelor thesis from 2017, where was my task to verify preparedness of the integrated rescue system to deal with the leak of dangerous chemical substances. The aim of this diploma thesis was to find out, if is the selected area able to adequately respond to hazards arising from the leak of hazardous chemical substances. In order to assess preparedness, slightly different questionnaires were used, those questionnaires were answered by the residents of České Budějovice, teachers working at secondary schools in České Budějovice and representatives of the city and representatives of the South Bohemian Region. The results of the questionnaire survey are presented using descriptive statistics, interesting results are shown using graphs. A high degree of unpreparedness of respondents was found. According to the results of the questionnaire survey, some respondents may also behave dangerously in the events of leakage of hazardous chemicals. The contribution of this work should be increasing and improving awareness in this area. To this purpose, was created an information leaflet containing lot of important information, which was distributed to the population. The benefit which this work has already brought, is to alert representatives from city and region councils, as well as teaching staff, to improve their knowledge of hazardous substances. According to the feedback of several representatives, analyzes focusing the transport of dangerous substances can be expected in the near future. This work can be used as well as a source of information and can be used to compare it with other researches.

[pt] Os conselhos gestores tem se apresentado como a grande novidade sobre a relação entre Estado e sociedade civil em nosso país, constituindo-se neste novo milênio como a principal inovação no que diz respeito as políticas públicas. Estes espaços apresentam-se enquanto lócus privilegiado de deliberação destas políticas, sendo atravessados por processos de conflitos e negociação. O conselho municipal de Assistência Social possui um caráter paritário, ou seja, 10 conselheiros são indicados pela esfera governamental e 10 conselheiros são eleitos pela sociedade civil. Desta forma esta dissertação tem como objetivo analisar a atuação dos conselheiros da sociedade civil na gestão 2009-2011, procurando compreender como a prática destes agentes tem de fato contribuído para influenciar a política de Assistência Social. / [en] The management councils has emerged as the big news on the relationship between state and civil society in our country, constituting this new millennium as the primary innovation regarding public policies. These spaces present themselves as privileged locus of deliberation these policies, being traversed by processes of conflict and negotiation. The City Council of Social Welfare has a character parity, that is 10 directors are appointed by the government sphere and 10 councilors are elected by civil society. This form this dissertation is to analyze the performance of the directors of civil society, seeking to understand how the practice of these agents has in fact contributed to influence policy Social Assistance.