Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-21T20:31:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Izolde Hilbemberg de Oliveira.pdf: 748643 bytes, checksum: 7a25a15850a7635372d50e5e73d2664f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-06-30 / This research aims at analyzing the trajectory, structure and functioning of the Municipal Council of Education of Ponta Grossa City – Paraná State – Brazil, as well as investigating the extent to which this Council has been a tool for democratization in educational decision-making. The theoretical framework is based on authors who discuss the concepts of democracy and representative democracy, as well as the concepts of State and civil society (Bobbio, Held, Chauí, Carnoy and Gramsci, among others). The fieldwork comprises the following strategies of data collection: documentary analysis (laws, internal rules of the Council, meeting reports, official documents approved by the Council); non-participatory observations of the Council’s meetings; an interview with the town councilor who proposed the creation of the Municipal Council of Education; and interviews with 16 other councilors. The main findings are as follows: (a) although the Council investigated can be considered as an important means for the participation of civil society in education management, this Council has been legitimizing education policies formulated by the Municipal Secretariat of Education, rather than acting as a source of new proposals and their implementation; and (b) the contributions of the Municipal Council of Education of Ponta Grossa to the democratization of educational decision-making have, so far, been weak – and less than might have been expected. These conclusions must be understood in context, involving a range of factors (mediations), such as: the period of the Council’s existence; the conservative features of local society; the few opportunities for effective democratic and participatory experiments; the power relations inside the Municipal Secretariat of Education; the lack of councilor training; and the features of the process of democratic construction in Brazilian society. / Este estudo tem por objetivo analisar os principais aspectos da criação, da estrutura, do funcionamento e das contribuições do Conselho Municipal de Educação de Ponta Grossa - PR, bem como investigar em que medida esse Conselho tem sido um instrumento de democratização das decisões educacionais. O referencial teórico é constituído por autores que fundamentam os conceitos de democracia, democracia representativa e as concepções de Estado e sociedade civil (Bobbio, Held, Chauí, Carnoy, Gramsci entre outros). A metodologia adotada foi a investigação qualitativa, constituída por um estudo de caso. A pesquisa de campo envolveu as seguintes estratégias de coleta de dados: análise documental (leis de criação e regimento interno do CME, decretos, atas, deliberações), observação não-participante de reuniões do CME, entrevista com o vereador que propôs a lei do Conselho e com 16 conselheiros. As principais conclusões são as seguintes: a) embora o CME investigado constitua-se em um importante espaço de participação da sociedade civil na gestão educacional do município, o mesmo tem assumido um papel mais legitimador das políticas educacionais emanadas da Secretaria Municipal de Educação do que propriamente propositivo e mobilizador; b) as contribuições do CME para a democratização efetiva das decisões educacionais, bem como para a democratização da educação, até o presente, foram frágeis e muito aquém do que poderia ser esperado. Buscou-se compreender tais conclusões a partir de um sistema de mediações (locais e outras mais amplas) o qual tem determinado/configurado a atuação do CME: o tempo de existência do CME, o conservadorismo político que caracteriza a sociedade ponta-grossense, a falta de oportunidades de vivência democrática e participativa, as relações de poder e autoridade no âmbito da Secretaria Municipal de Educação, a ausência de mecanismos de formação de conselheiros e as características do processo de construção democrática na sociedade brasileira.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-29T14:27:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Fabio Vieira de Souza.pdf: 575790 bytes, checksum: eb3e657ee17e95beb22d1bc5363f7691 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-03-26 / This study aims to present systematically the impact and resonance of the Second Vatican Council on the Archdiocese of Montes Claros. It starts with the analysis of the conciliar event in order to better understand its internal dynamics, its meaning and the scope of its conclusive documents. Following, it presents the reception as a theological category, the theoretical framework which has allowed us to interpret the changes that occurred in this local Church in the North of State of Minas Gerais after Vatican II. Finally, it focuses on the reception of Vatican II in this Archdiocese, reporting the way that this diocesan church has received the renewing impulse of Vatican II. It presents the historical and theological factors that signaled the new attitudes of the Archdiocese of Montes Claros, and that enabled the consolidation of a Church as people of God, being active and syntonized simultaneously with the invigorating breath of Vatican II, with the guidance from the Church in Brazil and Latin America and with the social reality of the people in the north of the State of Minas Gerais / O presente trabalho busca apresentar, de forma sistemática, os impactos e a ressonância do Concílio Vaticano II na Arquidiocese de Montes Claros. Este estudo parte da análise do evento conciliar no intuito de melhor compreender sua dinâmica interna, o seu significado e o alcance de seus documentos conclusivos. Na sequência, apresenta a recepção enquanto categoria teológica, referencial teórico que permitiu interpretar as transformações ocorridas nessa Igreja local do Norte de Minas Gerais no pós-Vaticano II. Finalmente, concentra-se sobre a recepção do Vaticano II nessa Arquidiocese, tratando da forma como essa Igreja diocesana recebeu o impulso renovador do Vaticano II. São apresentados fatores históricos e teológicos que assinalam uma nova tomada de postura na Arquidiocese de Montes Claros e que possibilitaram a consolidação de uma Igreja Povo de Deus, atuante e sintonizada simultaneamente com o sopro renovador do Concílio Vaticano II, com os encaminhamentos da Igreja na América Latina e no Brasil e com a realidade social do povo norte-mineiro.

Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2016-10-04T17:06:13Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Adriana Gomes de Moraes.pdf: 1911739 bytes, checksum: 0d179a66169a57e74f00c95d25c68b06 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-10-04T17:06:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Adriana Gomes de Moraes.pdf: 1911739 bytes, checksum: 0d179a66169a57e74f00c95d25c68b06 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-06-07 / It is understood that the councils are a participatory institution in which they are incorporated civil society actors and state actors who simultaneously participate in political deliberation. In view of this, this research was to study the object of the Municipal Councils of State for Tourism of São Paulo and was based on the concepts of participation, participatory democracy, participatory institutions and effectiveness. In this context, the aim of this study is to analyze the effectiveness of municipal tourist boards, as regards the formation of a space full of participation of social actors, representatives of government, the private sector and community for the municipal tourism development. Was adopted the method of case study for the development of this research, we used the multiple case study, the Tourism Municipal Councils of Brotas, São Sebastião and Santos were searched. As a research result can be said that the legal and formal institutionalization of Tourism Councils does not guarantee the inclusion of citizens and civil society associations in the deliberations on political. The decentralized program of tourism designed by the federal government as an action to promote the organization, structuring, integration and coordination of boards for tourism management at different levels and institutional and corporate sectors do not correspond to reality. The practices of these councils do not guarantee and does not lead to the ideals of participative democracy / Entende-se que os Conselhos são uma instituição participativa em que são incorporados atores da sociedade civil e atores estatais que participam simultaneamente na deliberação de políticas. Em face a isto, esta pesquisa teve como objeto de estudo os Conselhos Municipais de Turismo do Estado de São Paulo e baseou-se nos conceitos de participação, democracia participativa, instituições participativas e efetividade. Neste contexto, objetivou-se como este estudo analisar a efetividade dos conselhos municipais de turismo, no que se refere a constituição de um espaço pleno de participação dos atores sociais, representantes do poder público, da iniciativa privada e comunidade visando o desenvolvimento turístico municipal. Adotou-se o método do Estudo de Caso para o desenvolvimento desta pesquisa, utilizou-se do estudo de casos múltiplos, foram pesquisados os Conselhos Municipais de Turismo de Brotas, São Sebastião e Santos. Como resultado de pesquisa pode-se dizer que a institucionalização legal e formal dos Conselhos de Turismo não garante a incorporação de cidadãos e associações da sociedade civil na deliberação sobre políticas. O programa de gestão descentralizada do turismo desenhada pelo governo federal como uma ação para promover a organização, estruturação, integração e articulação dos colegiados para a gestão do turismo nos diferentes níveis e setores institucionais e empresariais não correspondem à realidade. As práticas destes Conselhos não garantem e nem conduzem aos ideais da democracia participativa

Esta dissertação tem como objetivo analisar uma experiência de formação política no curso de formação de Líderes Comunitários dentro de uma perspectiva da Educação Popular. Para a realização deste trabalho, buscou-se aprofundamento teórico em Paulo Freire, porque é um educador voltado para a emancipação e educação popular, bem como em Boaventura de Sousa Santos, que aborda as questões políticas e sociais da atualidade, além de Enrique Dussel, o qual reflete sobre a práxis libertadora. Adotando a metodologia da análise qualitativa, com ênfase na pesquisa participante, descrevem-se os conceitos e analisam-se as vivências relacionadas à temática, como forma de trabalhar a teoria, relacionando-a com a prática. Nesta perspectiva, buscou-se, junto aos antigos moradores do Bairro Lomba do Pinheiro, do município de Porto Alegre, RS, retomar a história da organização desta comunidade desde os meados do século passado. Constata-se que a comunidade sempre esteve preocupada com a sua organização política, social e comunitária. A partir de vários movimentos na comunidade, em 1992, foi criado o Conselho Popular, com Coordenação instituída pela organização dos movimentos populares do bairro A função deste Conselho é de articular todas as frentes de trabalho comunitário existentes no local. Este Conselho deu continuidade, com uma organização mais aprimorada, ao trabalho de formação das lideranças interessadas em projetos sociais. O Conselho percebeu o esvaziamento da luta popular no bairro e, diante disso, em 2015, ofereceu um curso organizado em cinco módulos, com o objetivo de ampliar a formação das lideranças locais. Foram ofertadas 70 vagas com rápido preenchimento. Ao término de dois anos, em junho de 2017, pesquisou-se, junto aos egressos deste curso, e respostas muito positivas foram obtidas em relação ao compromisso de cada participante com a comunidade na atuação em projetos sociais, em lutas populares e com a Educação Popular. Os resultados desse trabalho de formação política e educação popular são o foco central desse estudo. / This dissertation aims to analyze an experience of political formation in the training course of Community Leaders within a perspective of Popular Education. In order to carry out this work, we sought theoretical deepening in Paulo Freire, because he is an educator focused on emancipation and popular education, as well as in Boaventura de Sousa Santos, which addresses current political and social issues, as well as Enrique Dussel, which reflects on the liberating praxis. Adopting the methodology of the qualitative analysis, with emphasis on the participant research, the concepts are described and the experiences related to the thematic are analyzed, as a way of working the theory, relating it to the practice. In this perspective, the history of the organization of this community has been sought since the middle of the last century, together with the former residents of the Lomba do Pinheiro neighborhood, in the city of Porto Alegre, RS. It is noticed that the community has always been concerned with its political, social and community organization From several movements in the community, in 1992, was created the Popular Council, with Coordination instituted by the organization of the popular movements of the neighborhood. The function of this Council is to articulate all existing Community work fronts. This Council continued, with a better organization, the training work of leaders interested in social projects. The council realized the emptying of the popular struggle in the neighborhood and, by that, in 2015, offered a course organized in five modules, with the aim of expanding the formation of local leaderships. 70 vacancies were offered with fast filling. At the end of two years, in June 2017, the students of this course were interviewed, and very positive responses were obtained regarding the commitment of each participant to the community in the performance of social projects, popular struggles and Education Popular. The results of this work of political formation and popular education are the central focus of this study.

O presente trabalho tem por objetivo analisar as mudanças institucionais ocorridas no Conselho de Segurança Nacional dos Estados Unidos entre 2001 e 2016. Ele se enquadra nas Resoluções nº 114/2014 e 115/2014 da Câmara de Pós-Graduação da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul e, portanto, é dividido em três partes. A PARTE I é composta por uma contextualização do objeto, contendo uma descrição geral do objetivo do trabalho, bem como a delimitação do objeto, marco teórico, e marco temporal. A PARTE II é comporta pelo artigo em si, que analisa as mudanças no sistema do Conselho de Segurança Nacional dos Estados Unidos através das administrações dos presidentes George W. Bush (2001-2008) e Barack Obama (2008-2016). O objetivo é demonstrar que mudanças em agencias de segurança nacional podem ser pontuais ou incrementais, dependendo das suas causas e consequências. Para tal, foram utilizadas técnicas de analise qualitativa e teoria do equilíbrio pontuado no exame de documentos oficiais e registros públicos. Primeiro, uma matriz institucional formada por normas, organizações, regras, capacidades e incentivos foi usada para comparar as mudanças no Conselho de Segurança Nacional para comparar as mudanças nas duas presidências. Em seguida, possíveis causas de mudanças selecionadas foram identificadas – design original da agencia, interesses dos atores burocráticos, ou eventos externos –, e finalmente, determinamos as consequências que essas mudanças podem ter para instituições ou politicas. A PARTE III apresenta a descrição da agenda de pesquisa a ser seguida. / This paper aims to analyze the institutional changes that took place in the National Security Council of the United States between 2001 and 2016. It is in accordance with Resolutions 114/2014 and 115/2014 of the Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, and therefore is divided into three parts. PART I is composed of a contextualization of the object, containing a general description of the objective of the work, as well as the delimitation of the object, theoretical framework, and time frame. PART II is composed by the article itself, which analyzes the changes in the system of the United States National Security Council through the administrations of Presidents George W. Bush (2001-2008) and Barack Obama (2008-2016). The objective is to demonstrate that changes in national security agencies can be punctual or incremental, depending on their causes and consequences. In order to do so we used techniques of qualitative analysis and theory of punctuated equilibrium in the examination of official documents and public records. First, an institutional matrix consisting of norms, organizations, rules, capabilities, and incentives was used to compare changes in the National Security Council to compare changes in the two presidencies. Then, possible causes for selected changes have been identified - original agency design, bureaucratic actors’ interests, or external events - and finally we determine the consequences that such changes can have for institutions or policies. PART III presents the description of the research agenda to be followed.

Le contrôle de proportionnalité a puissamment évolué dans la jurisprudence du Conseil constitutionnel à partir du début des années 1990. En s’y propageant largement, il paraît se confondre, ou presque, avec le contrôle de constitutionnalité interne de la loi. Cette mutation est perceptible à un double niveau. En premier lieu, le contrôle de constitutionnalité s’est médiatisé. Progressivement, le raisonnement syllogistique qui opère en deux temps à partir d’une confrontation entre la norme contrôlée et la norme de contrôle, s’est enrichi d’une troisième donnée, l’objectif législatif. A la fois moins indéterminé que l’exigence constitutionnelle applicable et plus indéterminé que le moyen législatif correspondant, cet acte prospectif facilite la jonction entre les normes en présence. Pour y parvenir sans dévoyer l’intention du législateur, une restructuration du contrôle de constitutionnalité est nécessaire. En second lieu, le contrôle de constitutionnalité s’est dédoublé. Bien que le Conseil constitutionnel incorpore dans sa propre jurisprudence le triple test hérité de la Cour constitutionnelle fédérale allemande, il ne réalise en réalité qu’un contrôle d’appropriation et de disproportion à l’exclusion de tout contrôle de nécessité. La Haute instance se demande, respectivement, ce que le législateur peut logiquement faire, ce qu’il peut juridiquement faire, sans se demander ce qu’il aurait juridiquement dû faire. Bien que les contrôles d’appropriation et de disproportion soient fondamentalement distincts, les variations de la jurisprudence du Conseil constitutionnel en obscurcissent la compréhension. Une clarification de son raisonnement s’impose. / Since the beginning of the 1990’s the use of the proportionality test by the Constitutional Council has undergone a deep change. Constitutional judicial review and proportionality test have nearly become synonymous and this evolution can be perceived at two levels. Firstly, the traditional judicial review has evolved so as to include a new element to the confrontation between the norm under review and the higher norm setting the constitutional standard. The reasoning of the Constitutional council has evolved from this binary mode and has included a third element in the equation, which is the goal set by the legislator. The notion of legislative goal serve as a facilitator in the judicial review process, bridging the gap between the legislative and constitutional norms. To make this possible a remodeling of the judicial review is still necessary. Secondly, judicial review has evolved towards the type of proportionality test used by the German Federal Court, however it has only partially done so. The French Constitutional Council is indeed using the rational connection test and the proportionality test but it excludes the necessity test. The Constitutional Council is trying to figure out the rational and the legal elements of the legislator’s decision but does not take in consideration what was the best option the legislator have legally chosen. In addition, despite the fact that the rational connection test and the proportionality test have initially been clearly distinguished in the case-law, their latter inconsequent and the changing use by the Constitutional have blurred the line between them. This has created a confusion that ought to be clarified.

Since the end of the Cold War, the United Nations Security Council (‘UNSC’) has taken a leading role in investigating atrocities. Yet, the UNSC has only investigated atrocities committed in eleven out of the ninety-two states that have experienced atrocities during this period. This dissertation examines the reasons behind this disparity. To do so, this dissertation examines how past studies on atrocities investigations do not account for the work of the UNSC in this field, and how past studies on the UNSC cannot explain its actions on atrocities investigations. Instead, by relying on historical records and interviews with decision-makers, this dissertation argues that the UNSC’s decisions on which atrocities to investigate are committee projects, which can only be understood through the prism of the UNSC’s decision-making process. Because of the constraints imposed by the UNSC process, an atrocities investigation will take place only after (i) a diplomat brings specific atrocities to the attention of the UNSC, (ii) an independent commission of inquiry supports the creation of an atrocities investigation, and (iii) the UNSC members become comfortable with the text of the authorizing resolution. This dissertation examines the political decisions behind each of these three steps and highlights how the decision-making process guides and influences the UNSC’s actions. By doing so, it provides an explanation on the aforementioned double standard in the UNSC’s work vis-à-vis atrocities.

This thesis considers how the international response to egregious crimes can be made more consistent and effective. It focuses in particular on the Security Council as the authorising mechanism for intervention and comprehensively evaluates the proposals for its reform. It shows that contrary to several existing proposals, reform to the Security Council would not improve its authorisation of international action to address atrocity crimes. Similarly, the thesis considers proposals that seek to circumvent the authority of the Security Council but rejects their capacity to bring about a more consistent humanitarian regime. Finally, it robustly considers and argues for the use of regional organisations as alternative authorising mechanisms during mass atrocities.

Chung Chi Wai. / "Architecture Department, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Master of Architecture Programme 2002-2003, design report." / Includes bibliographical references. / Statement --- p.4 / Studies / Parliamentary Building --- p.5 / Debating Chamber --- p.33 / Scale and Proportion --- p.49 / Transparency --- p.61 / Site --- p.74 / Program / Schedule of Accommodation --- p.76 / Functional Configuration --- p.79 / Exploration --- p.81 / Fragmentary Approach --- p.82 / Modular Approach --- p.86 / Geometry --- p.89 / Structure --- p.91 / Functional Re-configuration --- p.94 / Circulation --- p.95 / Final Design --- p.96 / Plan --- p.98 / Elevation --- p.105 / Section --- p.107 / Perspective Views --- p.108 / Model --- p.109

A cultura da convergência abarca a questão tecnológica do fluxo de conteúdos, ocorrendo através de múltiplos suportes midiáticos e as questões de mudança de comportamento do público, que se apropria das redes digitais para buscar de diferentes experiências de entretenimento e de informação. Os sujeitos buscam um produto midiático que não se finde na sua própria exibição, mas sim proponha conteúdos que vão além de um único dispositivo de distribuição e necessitem do engajamento do público para que aconteçam efetivamente. Os fãs são personagens centrais da mudança na forma de operar da mídia de massa por serem pioneiros na adaptação às novas tecnologias de comunicação e informação e nos processos de produção e consumo participativos. A partir disso, esta pesquisa busca um olhar sobre as interações que fazem parte do comportamento dos fãs, tanto nas relações entre eles quanto com a indústria midiática. Para tanto, estudam-se os fãs de Star Wars, mais especificamente, os membros do Conselho Jedi do Rio Grande do Sul (CJRS), a fim de que através de um objeto empírico, consolidado e permanente se possa investigar o comportamento deste grupo no contexto de cultura da convergência, onde as interações entre eles e com o mercado de mídia são transformadas. / The convergence culture includes the technological issue of the content flow going through multiple media and the issues of changes in public behavior which appropriates itself of the digital networks seeking for different experiences of entertainment and information. The individuals look for a media product that doesn‟t finish itself in its own exhibition, but propose content that go beyond a single distribution device and require the engagement of the audience to actually happen. The fans are central characters in the change of mass media operating way because they are pioneers in adapting the new technologies of communication and information and in participatory processes of production and consumption. From this, this research seeks a look at the interactions that are part of the behavior of fans, both in relations between them and with the media industry. To this end, the Star Wars fans are studied, more specifically, the members of the Jedi Council of Rio Grande do Sul (CJRS), so that through a consolidated and permanent empirical object, it became possible to investigate the behavior of this group in the convergence culture context where the interactions between them and the media market are changed.