CPE un métier en tensions ? L'étude des représentations professionnelles de ce métier chez les Conseillers Principaux d’Education s'inscrit conceptuellement et méthodologiquement dans une discipline contributive aux Sciences de l'éducation: la Psychologie sociale. Cette recherche nous permet, dans une approche descriptive à visée compréhensive, de mieux appréhender ce métier polymorphe et d’alimenter par notre réflexion le champ des représentations professionnelles et leur relation aux représentations sociales, relation complexifiée dans ce domaine professionnel par le rapport hétérodoxie-orthodoxie. Questionné dans ses trois dimensions, informationnelle, attitudinale et champ de représentation, le métier de CPE renvoie à une action orientée vers l'élève et à une attitude positive à propos du métier versus mitigée à propos de la représentation du soi professionnel. Notre approche structurale nous permet de confirmer l'existence, dans ce « métier de l’humain » en co-construction au sein d'un collectif de travail (endogroupe versus exogroupe), d'éléments représentationnels communs : l'écoute auquel s'adjoint le conseil. La structure de cette représentation professionnelle s'ancre alors dans une dimension à la fois réflexive et pragmatique du métier, dans laquelle les CPE se positionnent en éducateur. Notre approche socio-dynamique révèle des prises de position divergentes, expressions de tendances attitudinales négatives versus positives et mitigées. Ces prises de position différenciées traduisent, par ailleurs, des tendances de pratique dévoilant de nombreuses oppositions : une représentation de la pratique renvoyant à un métier idéalisé et en tension (relationnel versus administratif) ; une représentation de la pratique renvoyant à un métier plus ou moins en lien avec la prescription (engagé versus mitigé) ; une représentation de la pratique renvoyant à un métier contraint (idéalisé versus non idéalisé). / CPE: a job under pressure? From a conceptual and methodological point of view, the study of the professional representations of this job among the Conseillers Principaux d’Education themselves is part of a discipline which contributes to the Sciences of Education: Social Psychology. This research allows us, in a descriptive approach aiming at understanding, to grasp this polymorphic job better and it provides food for thought about the scope of the professional representations as well as their links to the social representations, such links being made more complex in this professional field by the heterodoxy-orthodoxy ratio. This job is being questioned in its three dimensions: information, attitudes and field of representation, but being a CPE refers to a student-oriented action and to a positive attitude towards the job versus a half-hearted attitude towards the representation of professional self. Our structural approach allows us to confirm the existence, in this human-related job in co-construction within team-work (endogroup versus exogroup) of common representational elements: listening to students as well as advising them. The structure of this professional representation is then rooted in a dimension of the job which is at once reflexive and pragmatic and in which the CPE are regarded as teachers. Our socio-dynamic approach reveals differing stands which express negative trends concerning attitudes versus positive and mixed ones. Moreover, these diverse stands reveal trends of practice which underscore many oppositions: a representation of the practice referring to an idealized job under pressure (human relations versus administrative work); a representation of the practice referring to a job which is more or less related to instructions (commitment versus mixed feelings); a representation of the practice referring to a job under constraint (idealized versus non -idealized).

Clostridium perfringens é um dos microrganismos mais freqüentemente envolvidos em surtos de enfermidades transmitidas por alimentos. Este microrganismo pode ser classificado em cinco tipos toxigênicos (A-E), de acordo com a detecção dos genes codificadores de suas principais toxinas: alfa (cpa), beta (cpb), épsilon (etx) e iota (iap), sendo que técnicas moleculares empregando a PCR são atualmente utilizadas para genotipagem desses isolados. Alguns isolados de C. perfringens produzem uma enterotoxina (CPE) que é responsável pelos sintomas clínicos desenvolvidos em casos de toxinfecção alimentar, sendo que esta toxina é codificada pelo gene cpe. A simples detecção de C. perfringens em um alimento, mesmo naqueles suspeitos de causar surtos, não é suficiente para considerá-lo como de risco à saúde do consumidor. Isto porque dentre os isolados de C. perfringens apenas um número muito pequeno apresenta o gene cpe. Além disso, isolados de C. perfringens não produtores de CPE estão amplamente disseminados no ambiente, em alimentos e mesmo em fezes de pessoas. Desta forma, com o presente estudo verificou-se a freqüência de C. perfringens dentre isolados de clostrídios sulfito redutores, a freqüência de C. perfringens potencialmente enterotoxigênicos e sua variabilidade genética, de modo a evidenciar a importância dessas cepas como causadoras de doenças, além de fornecer subsídios para melhorar os conhecimentos sobre as características das cepas circulantes em nosso meio. Foram utilizados 335 isolados de clostrídios sulfito redutores provenientes de alimentos (126), solo (84) e fezes de animais (125). Dos 335 isolados, 146 (43,6%) foram caracterizados, através de reações bioquímicas e moleculares, comoC. perfringens, sendo 75 isolados (59,5%) provenientes de alimentos, 43 (51,2%) de solo e 28 (22,4%) de fezes de animais. Todas as cepas de C. perfringens analisadas foram tipadas como C. perfringens tipo A. Dos 75 isolados de C. perfringens provenientes de alimentos, 20 apresentaram o gene cpe, sendo 13 (65%) com localização cromossomal; nas demais cepas não foi possível determinar sua localização. Nos isolados de C. perfringens provenientes de solo e das fezes de animais não se verificou a presença desse gene. Das 20 cepas de C. perfringens que apresentaram o gene cpe detectou-se em 15 a produção de enterotoxina; as cinco cepas restantes não apresentaram esporulação no meio DUNCAN STRONG modificado, não sendo possível avaliar sua atividade enterotoxigênica. As 146 cepas de C. perfringens quando submetidas à PFGE geraram 69 perfis PFGE distintos, sendo 42 exclusivos para uma única cepa, indicando uma grande variabilidade genética, entre isolados provenientes de amostra de alimentos, fezes ou solo. A utilização de clostrídios sulfito redutores, ou mesmo de C. perfringens como indicador de possível risco à saúde dos consumidores pode levar à condenação desnecessária de alimentos, uma vez que existe baixa correlação entre costrídios sulfito redutores e C. perfringens, independente da fonte de isolamento, além da baixa freqüência do gene cpe nas cepas estudadas. / Clostridium perfringens is one of the most frequently microorganism involved in outbreaks of foodborne diseases. This microorganism can be classified into five toxigenic types (A to E), according to the detection of genes encoding its major toxins: alpha (cpa), beta (cpb), epsilon (etx) and iota (iap). Molecular techniques using PCR are currently used for genotyping this isolates. Besides the major toxins, some isolates of C. perfringens produce an enterotoxin (CPE) that is responsible for clinical symptoms developed in cases of food poisoning. This enterotoxin is encoded by the cpe gene. The simple detection of C. perfringens in food, even in those suspected of causing outbreaks, is not enough to consider it as a risk to consumers´ health. This happens because among the isolates ofC. perfringens only a very small number shows the cpe gene. In addition, isolates of C. perfringens that do not produce CPE are widespread in the environment, food and even in feces of humans. Thus, the present study examined the frequency of C. perfringens isolates among sulfite reducing clostridia, the frequency of potentially enterotoxigenic C. perfringens and its genetic variability in order to highlight the importance of these strains in causing diseases, and provides subsidies to improve the knowledge about the strains that are circulating in our environment. A total of 335 isolates of sulfite reducing clostridia from foods (126), soil (84) and animal feces (125) were used. Among the 335 isolates, 146 (43.6%) were characterized by biochemical and molecular reactions as C. perfringens, being 75 (59.5%) from foods, 43 (51.2%) from soil and 28 (22.4%) from animal feces. All strains of C. perfringens were typed as C. perfringens type A. Of the 75 isolates of C. perfringens from food, 20 had the cpe gene, and in 13 (65%) the gene was chromosomally located. In the other strains it was not possible to determine the location of this gene. In isolates of C. perfringens from soil and animal feces the cpe gene was not present. Amongst the 20 strains of C. perfringens positive for cpe, enterotoxin production was detected in 15. Five strains showed no sporulation in the medium modified Duncan Strong, being not possible to verify their enterotoxigenic activity. All C. perfringens were subjected to PFGE and generated 69 different PFGE profiles, being 42 unique to a single strain, indicating a great genetic variability among isolates from food, feces or soil. The use of sulfite reducing clostridia, or even C. perfringens as an indicator of possible health risk to consumers can lead to unnecessary condemnation of food, since there is low correlation between sulfite reducing clostridia and C. perfringens, regardless of source of isolation. This study also shows a low frequency of cpe gene in the strains indicating the low risk in causing foodborne disease.

Amino derivatives of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are well-known chemical carcinogens which should be carefully monitored in our environment. They are amenable to anodic oxida- tion on suitable solid or paste electrodes. This fact was exploited for voltammetric determina- tion of 4-aminobiphenyl on unmodified carbon paste electrode and carbon paste electrodes modified by montmorillonite and sepiolite. The optimum pH of BR buffer for measurement on unmodified carbon paste electrode is pH 2, pH 10 for CPE-SEP and pH 11 for CPE-MMT. It was possible to increase sensitivity of the determination using adsorptive stripping voltam- metry on modified electrodes. The optimum time for accumulation of 4-aminobiphenyl is 5 minutes. The limits of quantification of the order of 10−6 mol dm−3 were obtained for each electrode. After accumulation, the limits of quantification decreased to the 10−7 mol dm−3 . The newly developed method was tested for the determination of 4-aminobiphenyl in model sam- ples of drinking and river water, reaching limits of quantification of the order of 10−7 mol dm−3 .

Tese (doutorado)—Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Matemática, 2015. / Submitted by Patrícia Nunes da Silva (patricia@bce.unb.br) on 2016-01-26T14:54:49Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2015_BeneditoLeandroNeto_Parcial.pdf: 248614 bytes, checksum: aa0e94e4558b4314ccdb73a1bce22eaf (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marília Freitas(marilia@bce.unb.br) on 2016-01-26T14:55:51Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2015_BeneditoLeandroNeto_Parcial.pdf: 248614 bytes, checksum: aa0e94e4558b4314ccdb73a1bce22eaf (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-01-26T14:55:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2015_BeneditoLeandroNeto_Parcial.pdf: 248614 bytes, checksum: aa0e94e4558b4314ccdb73a1bce22eaf (MD5) / Provamos que (anti)self dual solitons gradientes (quasi) Yamabe com curvatura seccional positiva são rotacionais simétricos. Além disso, mostramos que, (anti)self dual solitons gradientes de Yamabe tem uma estrutura de produto torcido muito particular desde que a função potencial não tenha pontos críticos. Consideramos solitons gradientes de Yamabe conformes a espaços pseudo-Euclidianos n-dimensionais. Caracterizamos todos os solitons que são invariantes pela ação de um grupo de translação (n-1)-dimensional e obtemos os solitons tipo estável. Como aplicação, obtemos um exemplo de soliton gradiente de Yamabe estável completo, conforme a um espaço Lorentziano. Investigamos também os pontos críticos do funcional curvatura escalar total restrito a um espaço de métricas com curvatura escalar constante e volume unitátio que denotamos por métricas CPE. Foi conjecturado nos anos 1980 que toda métrica CPE é, necessariamente, Einstein. Provamos que métricas CPE, no caso de dimensão quatro, com tensor W+ harmônico são isométricas à esfera S4 dada uma condição integral. No caso n-dimensional, provamos uma condição necessária e suficiente sobre a norma do gradiente da função potencial para que a métrica CPE seja Einstein. / We prove that an (anti)self dual quasi Yamabe gradient soliton with positive sectional curvature is rotationally symmetric. We also prove that four dimensional (anti) self dual gradient Yamabe soliton has a special warped product structure provided that the potential function has no critical points. We consider gradient Yamabe solitons, conformal to an n-dimensional pseudo-Euclidean space. We characterize all such solitons which are invariant under the action of an (n-1)-dimensional translation group and we obtain the steady solitons. Applications provide an explicit example of a complete steady gradient Yamabe soliton, conformal to the Lorentzian space. We also investigate the critical points of the total scalar curvature functional restricted to space of metrics with constant scalar curvature of unitary volume, for simplicity CPE metrics. It was conjectured in the 1980's that every CPE metric must be Einstein. We prove that a 4-dimensional CPE metric with harmonic tensor W+ must be isometric to a round sphere S4 provided an integral condition is satisfied. We also give a necessary and sufficient condition on the norm of the gradient of the potential function for a CPE metric to be Einstein.

Annotation: Human cells of neuronal origin represent an excellent tool for the investigation of neuropathogenesis of TBE. The maturation, replication process of tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) and ultrastructural changes induced by infection in the neuroblasts cell line (UKF-NB-4) was studied by electron microscopy. I compared electron microscopical aspects (appearance) of TEM images of neuroblasts cells prepared by (1) conventional chemical fixation, resin-embedding and sectionig; (2) rapid freezing of cell monolayers at high pressure and sectioning of freeze substituted samples. The most interesting fact, however, is that vitrification preserves the cell in close to native state, whereas chemical fixation and dehydration can not take place without extensive intra- and intermolecular cross-linking and aggregation. The appearance of the cytoplasm and nucleoplasm of neu-roblasts cells were different in conditions (1) and (2). The excellent ultrastructure of the cytoplasmic and nuclear membranes and organels of neuroblasts cells processed by (2) confirmed the potentional of the method for preservation of cellular fine structures. The infection of neuroblastoma cells was associated with number of major morphological changes, including proliferation of membranes of the rough endoplasmic reticulum and rearrangement of cytoskeletal structures. The viral particles were located mainly in the cisterna´s of ER but also in the cytoplasm. In the cytoplasm I observed virions in the asso-ciations with microtubules and neurosecretory dense core vesicles. The transport of viral particles inside of the transport vesicles was obsereved from ER to Golgi apparatus. Free nucleocapsids were not confirmed. The observed pattern corresponded to both trans and cis type of maturation. The TBEV-infected neuroblasts cells exhibited either apoptotic or necrotic morphological changes. I observed the apoptotic signs (condensation, margination and fragmentation of chromatin in nucleus) and other alterations, such as disorganisation of cytoplasm, presence of the vacuoles and high density of cytoplasm. This report also de-scribes scanning electron microscope study of the surface features of neuroblasts cells. We observed virus-mediated cytopathic effect. The cells infected with TBEV were rounded with rough and rugged topography.

Class of 2014 Abstract / Specific Aims: On April 18, 2007, the Arizona legislature passed the Pharmacy Continuous Quality Assurance (CQA) law, with enforced compliance beginning January 1, 2014. With the lengthy lag time between passage of the law and required compliance with the law, a continuing pharmacy education (CPE) seminar was developed to educate Arizona pharmacy personnel about the new requirements. The CPE seminar was evaluated by assessing changes in participant self-reported knowledge, motivation, and awareness regarding the quality assurance legislation and the CQA process. Methods: The CPE seminar took place at the Arizona Pharmacy Association’s Community Pharmacy Academy Conference. Data were collected using a retrospective pre-assessment/post-assessment questionnaire. Data were analyzed using Wilcoxon Signed-Rank tests with a Boniferroni correction. Demographic information were reported using descriptive statistics. Main Results: The response rate was 70%, with 28 of 40 participants completing the questionnaire. Each of the six self-assessment questionnaire statements showed a statistically significant change from pre to post assessment (p = 0.0005). Conclusion: The results show that the law CPE session positively impacted participant self-assessment of knowledge, awareness, and motivation of quality improvement initiatives and medication errors. Follow-up research is needed to determine what impact this CPE session will have in pharmacy practice.

Práce nejprve obecně charakterizuje ekonomickou transformaci, následně hodnotí přechod Vietnamu, Laosu a Kambodži a v menší míře také Číny a zemí Střední Asie od centrálně plánované k tržní ekonomice. Popisuje prvotní snahy o reformu systémů centrálního řízení, výchozí podmínky tržních reforem a jejich průběh. Dále srovnává reformní úsilí jednotlivých států a hodnotí, do jaké míry se v současné době přiblížily tržní ekonomice, přičemž zmiňuje aktuální překážky bránící plné ekonomické transformaci těchto zemí.

The voltammetric behavior of selected nitrophenols (2-nitrophenol, 4-nitrophenol, 2,4-dinitrophenol and 2,4,6-trinitrophenol) was investigated by differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) and by adsorptive stripping voltammetry (AdSV) at an unmodified electrode (CPE) and a clay-modified carbon paste electrodes modified by montmorillonite (MMT-CPE) and sepiolite (SEP-CPE) using electrochemical reduction and oxidation in Britton-Robinson buffer. For reduction, optimum conditions have been found at pH 2 for 2-NP and 4-NP, at pH 3 for 2,4-DNP and at pH 4 for 2,4,6-TNP. For oxidation, optimum conditions have been found at pH 2 for 2-NP and 4-NP and at pH 5 for 2,4-DNP. Voltammetric determination using electrochemical oxidation is not a suitable method for 2,4,6-TNP. The lowest detection limits were obtained for 2-NP using cathodic AdSV on SEP-CPE with 2,9·10-7 mol.dm-3 , for 4-NP using cathodic DPV on MMT-CPE with 2·10-6 mol.dm-3 , for 2,4-DNP using cathodic AdSV on SEP-CPE with 2,7·10-7 mol.dm-3 and for 2,4,6-TNP using cathodic DPV on unmodified electrode with 4,8·10-7 mol.dm-3 . Determination of mixture 2-NP and 4-NP and the possibility of the selective determination using open circuit sorption with DPV detection was further studied.

Clostridium perfringens is a leading cause of food poisoning annually in the United States. Ingested C. perfringens vegetative cells respond to the acidic conditions of the stomach by initiating sporulation. The process of sporulation is essential in the formation of an enterotoxin (CPE) that is responsible for the symptoms of acute food poisoning. During sporulation, the cell must differentiate into the mother cell and the forespore. Studies in Bacillus subtilis have shown that gene expression during sporulation is compartmentalized, with different genes expressed in the mother cell and the forespore. The cell-specific RNA polymerase sigma factors coordinate the development of the differentiating cell. These sigma factors are Ï F, Ï E, Ï G, and Ï K. The C. perfringens cpe gene, encoding the enterotoxin CPE, is transcribed from three promoters, P1, P2, and P3. P2 and P3 were previously proposed to be Ï E-dependent, and P1 was proposed to be Ï K-dependent based on consensus recognition sequences. In this study, mutations were introduced into the sigE and sigK genes of C. perfringens. In the sigE and sigK mutants, promoter fusion assays indicated that there was no transcription of cpe in either mutant. We also determined through transcriptional analyses that Ï E-associated RNA polymerase and Ï K-associated RNA polymerase co-regulate the transcription of each other. RT-PCR analyses indicated that Ï K is a very early acting sigma factor. The evidence provided here shows that the regulation of sporulation in C. perfringens is not the same as it is in B. subtilis, as previously proposed. / Master of Science

Lindahl Waldenström, Simon (2016). Ledarskap, kreativitet och mental hälsa, Förändringsorienterat ledarskap och självskattad kreativitet ur ett arbetshälsovetenskapligt perspektiv. Projektkurs arbetshälsovetenskap, Högskolan i Gävle. Bakgrund: Den mentala ohälsan toppade listan för orsaker till sjukskrivningar i Sverige år 2015, samtidigt som den allt mer snabbföränderliga arbetsmarknaden ställer krav på kreativitet följt av innovation och i sin tur förändringsorienterat ledarskap inom organisationer. Typ av ledarskap är en viktig faktor gällande den mentala hälsan och möjlighet till kreativitet för medarbetare inom en organisatorisk kontext. Då kreativitet och förändringsorienterat ledarskap redan är vitt erkända faktorer för organisationers finansiella framgång hoppas studien kunna belysa dessas roll ur ett arbetshälsovetenskapligt perspektiv. Syfte: Syftet med studien var att undersöka hur förändringsinriktat ledarskap och kreativitet är associerat med mentala hälsan hos anställda. Metod: En tvärsnittsstudie utfördes. Alla deltagare(N=147) arbetade inom en organisation i Uppsala län, Sverige. För att mäta typ av ledarskap, mental hälsa och kreativitet användes tre väletablerade formulär; Cange-, produktion-, and employee-oriented leadership, The Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale och Epstein creativity competencies inventory. Två logistiska regressioner utfördes för att besvara syfte och frågeställningar. Resultat och slutsats: Resultatet från genomförd studie indikerar förändringsorienterat ledarskap som en positiv faktor i motverkande av ångest hos medarbetare inom en organisatorisk kontext. Det indikerar emellertid att det inte är förändringsorienterat ledarskap i sig som är av störst vikt att beakta i analyser av personalens upplevda ångest utan snarare möjlighet till kreativitet. Resultatet påvisar således framförallt vikten av möjligheten till kreativitet ur ett arbeteshälsovetenskapligt perspektiv men även förändringsorenterat ledarskap då studien visar på ett samspel faktorerna emellan. / Lindahl Waldenström, Simon (2016). Leadership, creativity and mental health. Change oriented leadership and opportunity for creativity from an occupational health science perspective. Project work in Health at work 15 credits, University of Gävle. Background: Mental illness topped the list of factors causing sick leave in Sweden in 2015 and is together with the opportunity for creativity highly affected by the type of leadership an employee is exposed to. Since creativity and change-oriented leadership already are recognized factors affecting organizations’ financial success this study will highlight their role from an occupational health perspective. Objective: The purpose of the study is to examine how change-oriented leadership and creativity is associated with mental health of employees. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted within an organization (N=147) to identify type of leadership, mental health and creativity. Three well-established methods were used; Change-, production, and employee -oriented leadership, The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and Epstein Creativity Competencies Inventory. Results and Conclusion: The results indicated an association between change-oriented leadership and anxiety, where lack of change-oriented leadership increased risk of anxiety among employees. Furthermore, the results indicated that the opportunity for creativity play a crucial role in the association between change-oriented leadership and anxiety, thus indicating change -oriented leadership and creativity as important factors for mental health in organizational contexts.