1 ABSTRACT The objective of the diploma thesis is to create a rating scale that would be convenient for the evaluation of the swimming crawl technique of the early age school children. The assumption of the thesis is to specify a model technique, which is corresponding with the stage of development of the children and also formulates criteria for evaluation of the swimming crawl technique. The created scale is later used within a group of children from the swimming school Žabička. The theoretical part of the thesis consists of the closer look at the characteristic of the early age school children, specification of the model swimming crawl technique and possible deviation of this technique. To follow up on this knowledge, a rating scale yes/no is developed, as well as a record sheet and an evaluation procedure. For determination of the results is used a method of observing, scaling and a method of quantitative analysis of statistical data. The final research results revealed deviation from the crawl technique mostly in the body posture, movements of legs, movements of arms and coordination of breathing together with arm movements. KEYWORDS swimming, swimming crawl, rating scale, younger school age

Majoriteten av de ca 400 000 småhus i Sverige som är byggda innan 1931 har en mullbänk eller torpargrund som grundkonstruktion, ofta helt eller delvis oisolerad med låg energiprestanda som följd. I detta arbete utreds genom en fallstudie vilka best-practice lösningar det finns att energieffektivisera en äldre torpargrund på och hur en Hasopor/skumglasgrund står sig mot dessa lösningar. Resultatet visar att Hasopor/skumglasgrunden står sig väl mot de jämförda grundkonstruktionerna; två uteluftsventilerade grunder som är modifierade på olika sätt. Konstruktion 2 motsvarar den konventionella standardlösningen och konstruktion 3 en alternativ tolkning av denna. Hasopor/skumglasgrunden är likvärdig med konstruktion 2 ifråga om energiprestanda för en torpargrund med liknande förutsättningar som fallstudien då ytan på grunden är större än 50m2. Utifrån dessa förutsättningar ligger U-värdet i linje med de målvärden som BBR anger för renovering av befintliga grundkonstruktioner/golv. Dessa målvärden ska dock alltid ställas mot varsamhetskravet och förvanskningsförbudet som också anges i BBR. Samtliga av de undersökta konstruktionerna går att införa med hänsyn till dessa krav. Köldbryggornas inverkan på Hasopor/skumglasgrunden är en osäker faktor som behöver utredas vidare. Likaså har tjockleken på Hasoporskiktet en markant påverkan på U-värdet. Vidare visar arbetet att en övergång från en oisolerad grund till någon av de jämförda grundkonstruktionerna kan leda till en energibesparing i storleksordning 80–90% av nuvarande energiförlust för grunden. / The majority of the about 400 000 small houses in Sweden that were built before 1930 have a mull bench or a crawl-space foundation as a basic structure, often completely or partially uninsulated with low energy performance as a result. In this thesis, a case study investigates which best-practice solutions there are to make an older crawl-space foundation more energy efficient and how a Hasopor/foam glassfoundation stands up to these solutions. The results shows that the Hasopor/foam glass foundation stands well up against the two competitors; two outdoor-air ventilated foundations that are modified in different ways. Construction 2 corresponds to the conventional standard solution and construction 3 an alternative interpretation of this. The Hasopor/foam glass is equivalent to construction 2 in terms of energy performance for a crawl-space foundation with similar conditions to the case study when the surface is larger than50m2. Based on these conditions, the U-value is in line with the target value as specified by BBR for renovation of existing ground foundations/floors. However, these target values must always be set against the requirement of caution and the ban on tampering which are also specified in the BBR. All of the investigated ground foundations can be introduced with regard to these requirements. The impact of the cold bridges on the Hasopor/foam glass foundation is an uncertain factor that needs further investigation. Likewise, the thickness of the Hasopor layer has a significant impact on the U-value. Furthermore, the thesis shows that a transition from an uninsulated crawl-space foundation to one of the investigated foundations can lead to an energy saving in the order of 80-90% of current energy loss from the ground foundation.

Title: Swim Smooth System and Swimming Specialization Objectives: Along with The Australian Swim Smooth Swim Type Coaching System criteria assign particular swim types to natural predispositions of selected elite swimmers and thus confirm suitability of their specialization. Methods: This work was carried out as a methodological study that explores both the suitability of specialization in a selected group of elite swimmers and the potential benefits of the Swim Smooth Swim Type System compared to the more commonly used method of one swim type. The study involved measuring, displaying, monitoring, evaluation, analysis and correlation. We measured the stroke length and stroke rate. We observed individual style of freestyle technique. We evaluated the Swim Types, somatotype, personality traits of extroversion and swimmers' potential to either speed, middle distance or endurance performance. We performed analysis of the development of swimmers' personal records in their main discipline. We determined the degree of correlation among particular Swim Type criteria that determine Swim Smooth swim types. We evaluated the swimmers' specialization suitability and outlined way of their further development. Results: Swim Smooth Swim Type System revealed the inadequacy of specialization of one swimmer. For all...

The aim is to map the development of techniques of swimming for the period from 1896 to the present. The work will also outline changes to the rules swimming. Key words swimming styles, breast, crawl, backstroke, dolphin swimmer, Olympic games, development, rules of swimming

The research presented in this thesis regards walking of quadruped robots, and particularly the walking of the Warp1 robot. The motivation for the robot is to provide a platform for autonomous walking in rough terrain. The thesis contains six papers ranging from development tools to actuation of robot legs. The first paper describes the methods and tools made for control development. These tools feature: programming of the robot without low level coding (C-code); that the controller has to be built only once for simulation and experiments; and that names of variables and constants are unchanged through the chain of software Maple -- Matlab -- Simulink -- Real~Time~Workshop -- xPC--Target. Three controllers, each making the robot walk are presented. The first controller makes the robot walk using the crawl gait. The method uses static stability as method for keeping balance and the instantaneous trunk motions are given by a concept using the so called weight ratios. A method for planning new footholds based on the positions of the existing footholds is also proposed and the controller experimentally verified. The second walking controller shows that the robot also can walk dynamically using the trot gait. The method proposed uses information from ground contact sensors on the feet as input to control balance, instead of, which is common, inertial sensors. It is experimentally verified that Warp1 can trot from level ground onto a slope and turn around while staying balanced. The main ideas of these two walking controllers are fused in the third which enables smooth transitions between crawl and trot. The idea of using the ground contact sensors from the first controller is here used to estimate the position of the center of mass. This controller uses weight ratios in the gait crawl as well as in the dynamic gait trot. Hence, the method of using weight ratios is not only useful for static stability for which it was originally intended. The controller is experimentally verified on Warp1. The Warp1 robot weighs about 60 kg, has 0.6 m long legs with three actuated joints on each. The speed and strength is sufficient only for slow walking, even though the installed power indicates that it should be enough for faster walking. The reason is that a walking robot often needs to be strong but slow when the feet are on the ground and the opposite when in the air. This can not be achieved with the motors and transmissions currently used. A transmission called the passively variable transmission (PVT) is proposed which enhance motor capabilities of robot joints. It is elastic, nonlinear and conservative. Some general properties for elastic transmissions are derived such that they can be compared with conventional transmissions. The PVT gives strong actuation at large loads and fast actuation at small loads. The proposed transmission is compared to a conventional transmission for a specific task, and the result is that a smaller motor can be used. / QC 20100831

Fukt i kyrkans krypgrund är ett ”växande” problem som på senare tid uppmärksammats alltmer. I denna studie har flera möjliga lösningar undersökt, vidare har en allmän angreppsmodell formulerats för att underlätta framtida utredningar. Studien visar bland annat att styrning efter mögelrisken är önskvärt för att få ett energioptimerat och garanterat mögelfritt klimat. Åtgärdsförslag såsom sorptionsavfuktare samt värmning genom elradiator direkt i krypgrunden är möjliga lösningar som med ett litet energitillskott förbättrar klimatet i krypgrunden avsevärt.

In recent years, the act of scraping websites for information has become increasingly relevant. However, along with this increase in interest, the internet has also grown substantially and advances and improvements to websites over the years have in fact made it more difficult to scrape. One key reason for this is that scrapers simply account for a significant portion of the traffic to many websites, and so developers often implement anti-scraping measures along with the Robots Exclusion Protocol (robots.txt) to try to stymie this traffic. The popular use of dynamically loaded content – content which loads after user interaction – poses another problem for scrapers. In this paper, we have researched what kinds of issues commonly occur when scraping and crawling websites – more specifically when scraping social media – and how to solve them. In order to understand these issues better and to test solutions, a literature review was performed and design and creation methods were used to develop a prototype scraper using the frameworks Scrapy and Selenium. We found that automating interaction with dynamic elements worked best to solve the problem of dynamically loaded content. We also theorize that having an artificial random delay when scraping and randomizing intervals between each visit to a website would counteract some of the anti-scraping measures. Another, smaller aspect of our research was the legality and ethicality of scraping. Further thoughts and comments on potential solutions to other issues have also been included.

Le modèle bioénergétique de P.E. di PRAMPERO permet d'expliquer la performance dans les disciplines de locomotion (course à pied, cyclisme, natation, ...) à partir d'une puissance métabolique et d'un indice de la dépense d'énergie par unité de distance parcourue. Néanmoins, pour les épreuves de natation de haute intensité telles que le 100m crawl, le contexte environnemental rend l'estimation de la puissance métabolique d'origine aérobie techniquement difficile. L'objectif de cette thèse est alors de proposer une nouvelle approche des réponses aérobies d'un 100-m nage libre, réalisé dans des conditions les plus proches possible d'une compétition. Le travail expérimental a porté sur des nageurs entraînés. Dans un bassin de 25-m, la procédure propose que les nageurs réalisent une performance sur 100-m nage libre à allure de compétition et trois épreuves (25m, 50m, 75m) réitérant les mêmes allures intermédiaires que celles du 100-m. VO2 est mesuré avant et juste après chaque épreuve, pendant 1min, par rétro-extrapolation. Les valeurs de VO2 mesurées à la fin des épreuves de 25m, 50m, 75m et 100m permettent de reconstruire la cinétique de VO2 d'une épreuve de 100-m. Les résultats contrastent avec les estimations des cinétiques de VO2 publiées précédemment : VO2 augmente plus vite dans la première moitié de l'épreuve (à 50m, VO2 ≈ 94%VO2max), atteint 100 %VO2max au 75ème mètre de l'épreuve puis chute de 7% sur le dernier 25-m. Une estimation de la contribution relative du métabolisme aérobie montre également des valeurs plus importantes que celles publiées jusqu'à ce jour, du fait de l'atteinte précoce de VO2max en cours d'épreuve. / The bioenergetic model proposed by P.E. di PRAMPERO explains performance in most human locomotions (running, cycling, swimming, ...) using indexes of metabolic power and energy cost of locomotion. Nevertheless, for 100-m front crawl events, environmental conditions make the aerobic power measurement difficult. The main purpose of this thesis is therefore to propose a new procedure to estimate aerobic responses during a 100-m front crawl event, performed in competition conditions. Trained swimmers participated to this study. In a 25-m swimming pool, the procedure includes a 100-m front crawl performance in competition conditions, and then, three tests (25-m, 50-m, 75-m) following the pacing strategy of the 100-m event. VO2 is not measured during the tests, but before and just at the end of each test with a breath-by-breath method. Each post-test VO2 (after 25m, 50m, 75m and 100m) allows to reconstruct the VO2 kinetics of the 100-m performance. The results differ from previous studies in that VO2 increases faster in the first half of the race (at 50m, VO2 ± 94%VO2max), reaches VO2max at the 75th meter; then a decrease in VO2 corresponding to 7% of VO2max appears during the last 25m. The estimation of aerobic contribution shows higher values than those previously published, because VO2max is reached very early during the race.

Diploma thesis deals with creating the concept of container based modular building. The process of building is made by connecting module. Three block modules were designed. They could be created up to nine combinations (Up to nine combination might be created up by these). The modules are designed as a diffuse open wooden building with a warm flat roof. Family house is one of the possible combinations. Construction of building consists of two connected modules that are made like single-storey. Founded on earth screws. Under the construction is ventilated space. The building is situated on flat land (parcel) in Velké Němčice. The advantages of modular container buildings are good thermal properties, short time of construction and the possibility of connecting or disconnecting the modules.

The aim of this work is to find the most common mistakes in children of younger school age in swimming technique crawl. Another aim of the work is to eliminate mistakes in the technique of the given swimming method based on the elaborated training plan, in the range of sixteen hours. An integral part of the work will be to map the distance traveled at the beginning of monitoring and then at the end of the application of training. The theoretical part deals with the issue and description of the swimming crawl. The practical part of the thesis consists of recording and subsequent evaluation of individual errors according to the description of children's swimming technique. I will use the methods of observation, scaling, testing to evaluate the results and I will use the statistical method of data processing. The results of the work mostly correspond with the description of the child's technique of the crawl.