Thesis (M.A.)--York University, 2007. Graduate Programme in Sociology. / Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 204-214). Also available on the Internet. MODE OF ACCESS via web browser by entering the following URL: http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:MR38762

Psychopathy has become a highly researched personality disorder in order to better understand criminal and violent behavior (Hare, 1993). Measures of psychopathy have proven to be useful tools in predicting outcomes of institutionalized populations by predicting future dangerousness (Hare, 1999). While several experts in the field of psychopathy allude to the idea of the successful psychopath and their presence in the corporate world (Hare, 1993; Babiak & Hare, 2006), very little research has been done in this area. The current study builds upon the small amount of empirical research by testing hypotheses regarding the relationship between psychopathic personality traits and intentions to engage in white collar crime. Using a sample of 181 university students, psychopathic personality traits were measured using the Psychopathic Personality Inventory - Revised (PPI-R). In addition, scales were developed to measure attitudes toward white collar offending and vignettes were constructed to measures intentions to engage in white collar crime. Four relationships are of primary focus: 1.) Do psychopathic personality traits account for variability in attitudes toward white collar crime?; 2.) Do attitudes toward white collar crime correlate with intentions to engage in white collar crime?; 3.) Are psychopathic personality traits related to intentions to offend and?; 4.) Do attitudes toward offending mediate the relationship between psychopathy and intentions to offend? A major finding is that the Self-Centered Impulsivity factor of the PPI-R accounts for a significant amount of variance in intentions to engage in white collar crime and environmental crime. Additional relationships between psychopathy, attitudes, and intentions are also discussed.

M.Tech. Business Administration. Business School.. / South Africa has high levels of unemployment. This unemployment crisis may easily be solved by thriving entrepreneurship levels. South Africa also suffers from high rates of crime. The aim of this research is to determine the existence of any relationship between high levels of crime and low levels of entrepreneurship. The main findings of this research are that crime features as a considerable deterrent to entrepreneurship development and growth in South Africa.

published_or_final_version / Criminology / Master / Master of Social Sciences

The objective of the thesis is to explore ways to assess safety in an urban context and intransport nodes. The thesis is composed of articles which aim at assessing whether safety levels vary within a city, at a public transportation network, particularly at stations, and finally making suggestions to increase safety in these environments. The analysis makes use of Geographical Information Systems (GIS), statistical techniques and combines several different data sources. Fieldwork supports the data sources by presenting an investigation of the current environment at and around the underground stations in Stockholm. Regression models were used to assess the (strength) relationships between levels of crime and the socialand physical environment at underground stations. Findings show that urban crime in Stockholm municipality concentrates in stable hotspots, however, varying by type of crime, in different places at different times. A majority of the hotspots were located close to underground stations. The environment at underground stations has a significant impact on the crime levels at these transport nodes. For instance, low guardianship opportunities were related with higher crime rates, while well-illuminated and open stations showed lower crime rates. An open lay-out would provide better opportunities for guardianship, which in turn may decrease crime levels. The surrounding socio-economic composition of neighborhoods and the physical and social environment surrounding the stations affected crime levels similarly. For instance, mixed land-uses surrounding the station could be linked to increased crime rates. However, crime levels showed a varying distribution over time and space. Different stations showed different levels of crime at different times of the day, moreover, this also showed to be depended on crime type. For instance, theft wouldconcentrate at central stations at peak hours, when it is most crowded. The results include suggestions for policymakers and organizations dealing with urban safety, planning and public transportation, such as police, transportation companies and municipal planners. The results suggest that crime interventions should take into account the dynamic patterns of crime and adopt a more holistic approach taking into account the station and its surroundings. / <p>QC 20140211</p> / Safety in Transport Nodes: The Influence of Environmental Attrivutes on Crime and Perceived Safety

The primary objective of this thesis was to examine the relevance of intergovernmental decisions and western risk-focused social crime prevention to reducing youth crime within Chongqing, China. This involved a review of the existing literature that might be relevant to: (i) the current youth crime situation in the city of Chongqing, (ii) risk factors that might contribute to youth crime within Chongqing, (iii) the scientific evaluations of ‘evidence-based’ risk-focused crime prevention strategies for different age groups of youth, and (iv) implementation strategies for evidence-based innovations to reduce youth crime. Based on this knowledge, interviews with six key stakeholders of Chongqing were conducted for the purpose of obtaining initial perceptions regarding the utility and practicality of crime prevention through social development within Chongqing. Ultimately, this study demonstrates the preliminary relevance of western studies and action, recalls China’s endorsement of intergovernmental recommendations, and provides a foundation for further research.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--West Virginia University, 2000. / Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains ix, 472 p. : ill. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 435-472).

Thesis (M.A.)--Carleton University, 2001. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 133-137). Also available in electronic format on the Internet.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:23:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2011-06-15Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:47:33Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 sartori_gr_me_mar.pdf: 658109 bytes, checksum: 03607fdf4d84d31935d2da2f526b3c99 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Nesta pesquisa, investigamos as relações de gênero, as relações de poder e as práticas sociais que permeiam o discurso jurídico, personificado na figura de seus agentes (delegados de polícia, escrivães de polícia e médicos legistas), na averiguação dos crimes de defloramento (atual crime de sedução); juntamente com a análise do perfil sociocultural das mulheres, na condição de vítima, e dos homens indiciados, no momento de instauração dos autos. Para tanto, realizamos pesquisa minuciosa de 67 inquéritos policiais da Comarca de Bauru (SP), entre os anos de 1920 e 1940, que foram instaurados por crime de defloramento. Durante o procedimento de averiguação dos crimes, são estabelecidas disputas, com assimetrias de poder, no interior dos autos, entre diferentes discursos (do delegado de polícia, dos médicos legistas, do indiciado e da pretensa vítima) pela produção da verdade sobre o incidente. Ao final dos autos, de acordo com o desfecho, a verdade sobre o incidente produzida pode contemplar uma forma de sentenciamento ou uma forma de resolução, minimamente, satisfatória para os conflitos que envolviam violência de gênero, no período em questão. Entre as duas formas, perpassa uma infinidade de adequações do rigor da lei em vista das tramas do cotidiano e das expectativas dos diferentes sujeitos envolvido, assim como os anseios e entendimentos de uma sociedade acerca das representações de gênero. / In this research, we investigate relations of gender, relations of power, and social practices that permeate the legal discourse, personified in the figure of their servants (police, prosecutors, registrars and police coroners) in investigating crimes of rape (current crime of seduction); along with the social-cultural analysis on profile of women who were involved, in the case of alleged victims, and witnesses. To this end, we conducted a thorough survey of 63 police investigations in the region of Bauru (SP), between the 1920s and 1940s, which were instituted by the crime of rape. During the investigation of crimes, are down disputes, with power asymmetries within the autos, between different discourses (delegate of coroners, police, indicted and alleged victim) by the production of truth about the incident. At the end of the Court, in accordance with the outcome, the truth about the incident produced can provide a form of sentenciamento or a minimally satisfactory resolution to the conflicts involving violence gender, in the period in question. Between the two forms, through a myriad of adaptations of the rigour of the law in view of the plots of the everyday and the expectations of the different subjects involved, as well as the anxieties and understandings of society about gender representations.

HOLANDA, Leonardo Carneiro. Consequências emocionais, cognitivas e comportamentais da vitimização por roubo. 2017. 116f. Dissertação (Mestrado) – Universidade Federal do Ceará, Programa de Pós-graduação em Psicologia, Fortaleza (CE), 2017. / Submitted by Gustavo Daher (gdaherufc@hotmail.com) on 2017-07-26T16:54:17Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2017_dis_lcholanda.pdf: 1301087 bytes, checksum: ab0d475949d5eba23f9da43e2aaab82c (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Márcia Araújo (marcia_m_bezerra@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-07-27T16:11:00Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2017_dis_lcholanda.pdf: 1301087 bytes, checksum: ab0d475949d5eba23f9da43e2aaab82c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-27T16:11:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2017_dis_lcholanda.pdf: 1301087 bytes, checksum: ab0d475949d5eba23f9da43e2aaab82c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017 / The term mugging is used in the everyday referring to the action of one or more individuals, commonly armed, who approach other people to steal their property. Although this term is not used in the Brazilian Penal Code, there is an expected penalty for the crime of robbery, whose description is similar to the definition of mugging and differs from the crime of theft. Robbery is more serious because it presupposes the use of force, which can lead to death. In addition, damages resulting from a robbery restrict the ability of individuals to properly exercise various roles, such as parental, marital and occupational, resulting in significant impairment in interpersonal relationships in various settings, such as family, school, and work. In view of these elements, the present study has as main objective to evaluate the cognitive, emotional and behavioral outcomes of robbery victimization. Specifically, it is expected to estimate if and which specific situational variables contribute to greater sequelae in the victims and to evaluate to what extent the attenuating and aggravating factors pointed out in the literature are relevant in the local context. In order to achieve the proposed objectives, two empirical studies were carried out: Study I compared victims and non-victims with regard to factors identified as possible complications of crime, while Study II assessed the individual impact of specific contextual variables in the various sequelae and the specific effect of mitigating factors. As a result, it can be observed in Study 1 that victims and non-victims differed in terms of anxiety, fear of crime, perceptions of vulnerability and self-efficacy, and the taking of some protective measures. In Study 2, it was observed that only Control and Retraining, Conversion, Addiction strategies presented a relation with the analyzed impacts. Social Support was not related to the consequences of the robbery. These results were discussed based on the literature. It is considered that the objectives of this dissertation have been reached since it was possible to analyze the impacts of robbery victimization and its correlates that are more prominent in the literature. However, it is possible to point out some limitations in the research, such as the reduced size of the sample and the quality of some measures used. For future research, we suggest the use of larger samples, besides the previous adaptation of the scales to local context and the realization of longitudinal studies. / O termo “assalto” é usado no cotidiano referindo-se à ação de um ou mais indivíduos, comumente armados, que abordam outras pessoas para roubar os seus bens. Embora esse termo não seja empregado no Código Penal Brasileiro, há sanção prevista para o crime de roubo, cuja descrição é similar à definição de assalto. O roubo apresenta uma considerável gravidade por pressupor o uso da força, podendo levar as vítimas a óbito. Além disso, danos decorrentes de um roubo restringem a capacidade dos indivíduos de exercer adequadamente diversos papéis, como o parental, conjugal e ocupacional, acarretando em prejuízos significativos nas relações interpessoais em diversos ambientes, tais como familiar, escolar e laboral. Em face desses elementos, o presente estudo tem como principal objetivo avaliar o impacto cognitivo, emocional e comportamental da vitimização por roubo. Especificamente, espera-se estimar se e quais variáveis situacionais específicas contribuem para maiores sequelas nas vítimas e avaliar em que medida os fatores protetivos e agravantes, apontados pela literatura, apresentam relevância em contexto local. Para alcançar os objetivos propostos, foram realizados dois estudos empíricos. Nesses estudos, contou-se com a participação de 348 pessoas de diversos estados do Brasil. O Estudo I comparou vítimas e não-vítimas no que se refere aos fatores apontados como possíveis complicações decorrentes do crime, enquanto o Estudo II avaliou o impacto individual de variáveis contextuais específicas nas diversas sequelas decorrentes do crime e o efeito específico dos fatores protetivos. Como resultado, pode-se observar, no Estudo I, que as vítimas e não-vítimas se diferenciaram quanto a ansiedade, medo do crime, percepções de vulnerabilidade e autoeficácia, além da tomada de algumas medidas de proteção. No Estudo II, observou-se que somente as estratégias de Controle e Retraimento, Conversão e Aditividade apresentaram relação com os impactos analisados. O Suporte Social não apresentou qualquer relação com as consequências do roubo. Tais resultados foram discutidos com base na literatura. Considera-se que os objetivos da presente dissertação tenham sido alcançados uma vez que foi possível analisar os impactos decorrentes da vitimização por roubo e seus correlatos que apresentam mais destaque na literatura. Contudo, pode-se apontar algumas limitações na pesquisa, como a dimensão reduzida da amostra e qualidade de algumas medidas utilizadas. Para pesquisas futuras, sugere-se a utilização de amostras maiores, além da adaptação prévia das escalas para contexto local e a realização de estudos longitudinais.