The Back of the World is a novel about crime, performance, and the nature of employment in the 21st Century.

Drug courts have become an important part of adult and juvenile corrections. Since the establishment of the first adult drug court in 1989, the therapeutic court model has developed, and can now be considered a significant component in American criminal justice. The problem is adult drug courts have faced considerable disapproval in the area of evaluation and documentation. Through the Bureau of Justice Assistance (BJA), the federal government allots millions of dollars to support drug court programs; there have been attempts to count and record the activities of these programs with little success, there is little uniform data on actual drug court success nationwide. The intent of this dissertation was to systematically and critically analyze drug court evaluations. My major goal was to demonstrate the need for uniformity in regards to assessing the impacts on outcomes. I analyzed drug court evaluations and their attempt to identify factors that contribute to graduation, in-program recidivism/ retention rates, drug treatment relapse and postprogram recidivism rates. Forty drug court evaluations were used in this examination. Further, I introduced a model that will aid in examining the impacts on outcome. My studies' unit of analysis is the evaluation report. I attempted to explain specific issues, such as how well drug courts work for different types of offenders. I was also able to generate a well founded policy recommendation for the evaluation of drug courts based on empirical data and literature. Conclusions show that Drug Courts do reduce post-program recidivism however there were certain impacts on graduation and termination rates. I also demonstrated the need for more methodologically sound and uniform evaluations in order to determine effectiveness. / Ph. D.

Transnational organized crime has been prevalent during the last century, but it recently has been recognized as a threat to the world order. Governments throughout the world, along with the intergovernmental organizations identified this phenomenon as a new threat to domestic and international security. This paper attempts to explain the impacts of transnational organized crime on the functioning of democratic societies by adopting the Russian Organized Crime as case study. The descriptive research with regard to definition, scope and organization of transnational organized crime, along with the objectives, limitations and methodology of this research will be included in the first chapter. Recent trends observed in organized crime`s character and the impact of organized crime on the political economies of democratic regimes will be contained in the following chapters. Pre-conditions for a broader response to transnational organized crime and conclusive remarks will be the context of the last chapter.

This study discussed the issue of computer crime as it relates to the criminal justice system, specifically law enforcement. The information was gathered through several books, academic journals, governmental documents, and the Internet. First, the nature and forms of computer crime, Internet crime, and cyber terrorism were analyzed. Next, law enforcement responses were discussed. International aspects of the problem were separately pointed out. Further, detection and investigation of computer crime were examined. Problems related to the each component of the criminal justice system (law enforcement, investigators, prosecutors, and judges) were described. Specific solutions to these problems were offered. In addition, computer crime handling procedures were presented. Results indicate that computer crime will increase in the 21st century, and this problem cannot be controlled by traditional methods alone. Using new technology as preventive measures, and increasing awareness and security conscious culture will prevent the problem in the long run.

O presente trabalho é um estudo de história social da escravidão que trata de crimes cometidos por escravos contra seus senhores na cidade de Campinas. Tem como objetivo compreender quem eram os escravos que cometiam delitos tão graves e quais as motivações por eles alegadas - ou a eles atribuídas - para justificar suas ações. Duas dinâmicas podem ser dessa maneira estudadas: por um lado, a relação dos escravos com os senhores, que culminou no assassinato dos últimos. Por outro, pode-se analisar também as relações horizontais dos escravos com seus companheiros, os laços afetivos e sociais por eles estabelecidos. Pode-se, assim, esclarecer tanto o momento excepcional do crime como outras interações que o precederam e motivaram. Num primeiro momento, a análise é focada no final da década de 1840, quando a produção de açúcar perdia cada vez mais espaço para o café e a proporção de africanos dentre os escravos era bastante alta. Nesta oportunidade, três crimes serão analisados, ocorridos em fazendas produtoras de cana, café e chá, pelos quais quatro escravos africanos foram condenados à morte pelo tribunal do júri, enquadrados na lei de 10 de junho de 1835. Num segundo momento, o foco é a década de 1870. Serão cinco os delitos examinados, os quais tiveram lugar em roças de café, algodão e produtos de subsistência. Quatorze escravos foram levados a julgamento como réus; alguns foram absolvidos enquanto outros encararam punições diversas, porém nenhum deles foi condenado à morte. Na conjuntura posterior ao fechamento definitivo do tráfico atlântico de escravos, nenhum dos indiciados era natural da África, mas vários deles vieram de diversas províncias do Brasil. A análise destes interessantes casos é possível através do cruzamento de dois tipos de documentos produzidos simultaneamente quando da morte destes senhores: os processos criminais, abertos e conduzidos por autoridades policiais e judiciais com o fim de apurar os fatos e punir os culpados; e os inventários post-mortem dos senhores, que listavam e avaliavam os bens por ele deixados em herança. / This paper regarding the social history of slavery studies crimes committed by slaves against their masters in Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil. It tries to understand who were those slaves and what were the motivations they used - or were assigned to them - to justify their actions. This analysis allows us to understand de relationship between master and slave, which culminated on the murder. But it also allows seeing the horizontal relationships betweens those slaves and their partners, their affective and social connections which could influence their behavior. I focus primarily in two types of documents created by these quarrels: the criminal prosecution installed by the legal authorities, such as the police and magistrates, and the inventory of the goods the master possessed and that would be shared by the heirs. When analyzed together, these two documents can shed light on the routine of the property, informing not only how the crime occurred, what were its motivations and how the defendant slave justified his actions to the State authorities, but also how he related to other slaves, what was his occupation, his skills, what items were produced in the property, what was the financial situation of the master, if it made him demand to expand the production, through an intensification of work pace from his slaves that would justify an upraise. At first, the analysis focuses on the late 1840\'s, when sugar plantations were being surpassed by coffee and a high percentage of slaves had African origin. Then, three homicides took place on sugar, coffee and tea plantations and four African slaves were trialed and condemned to death, according to the law of June 10th 1835. Afterwards, five crimes occurred in the 1870\'s will be explored. They happened in coffee, cotton and food plantations. Fourteen slaves were prosecuted, some of them were absolved, while others were condemned to face various punishments, but none of them were condemned to death - although the law of 1835 still applied. After the closing of Atlantic slave trade, the defendants were no longer Africans, but many came from several provinces of Brazil.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T20:39:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Kenia Peres.pdf: 681822 bytes, checksum: 37bf7f6d6458e1551da327a025504d32 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-05-21 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / This thesis is the result of the extensive research in psychopath, a psychopathologic phenomenon so common in our society nowadays; however, it s very little explored, maybe because of the difficult technique in handling with these patients. The interest in understanding the psychodynamics of these people matches my Professional development, as a researcher and as a psychologist. In this work I have used, besides the bibliography research of the psychoanalytic theory about the issue, studies of real cases and more stores with the intention of enrich such investigation. The objective of this study is besides of the thinking exercise to understand the psychopathic person, to create resources to develop ways to handle with these patients and, consequently diminish the psychic suffering of them, of the ones who are near them and all society. The methodology used in this work is psychoanalysis, as a theory of the psyche, investigative method of the unconscious and therapeutic technique / Esta dissertação é resultado de extensa pesquisa sobre a psicopatia, fenômeno psicopatológico tão recorrente no cotidiano social, porém pouco explorado, talvez pela indiscutível dificuldade técnica no manejo desses pacientes. O interesse em compreender o psicodinamismo desses indivíduos caminha paralelamente ao meu desenvolvimento profissional, tanto como pesquisadora como psicóloga clínica. Neste trabalho, utilizei além da pesquisa bibliográfica da teoria psicanalítica sobre o tema, estudos de casos reais e cinematográficos, a fim de enriquecer tal investigação. A finalidade deste estudo é além do exercício do pensamento clínico para a compreensão do indivíduo psicopático, criar subsídios para o desenvolvimento do manejo clínico desses pacientes e, conseqüentemente diminuir o sofrimento psíquico dos mesmos, daqueles que o cercam e de toda sociedade. A metodologia de trabalho é a psicanálise, enquanto teoria do psiquismo, método de investigação do inconsciente e técnica terapêutica

This thesis is an intellectual genealogy of counting crime in New South Wales. It is a history of a system of thought which is one of the contemporary foundations of the way we interpret the nature and extent of crime today. It argues that the incitement to annually record crime statistics in New South Wales, and internationally, is immediately connected with a will to govern crime. This thesis traces this bonding of the technology of crime statistics with mentalities of government, and maintains that although the connection of these two discourses has been highly effective, it has not been one of universal domination. This is a history of the continuous state practice of compiling and publishing crime statistics. But it is also a history of discontinuities. This thesis regularly investigates shifts in the categories of recording. It locates changes in what is recorded by broadening its discussion to include localised and international debates on crime that are contemporaneous to these changes. This is not a thesis with a project to improve the way in which we record or utilise crime statistics. Its project is to write a history of how we came to record crime statistics and how we have intended to utilise these crime statistics in our practices of government. It traces the rise of counting crime and interrogates it as one of the key technologies deployed in the government of crime / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

HTML clipboardThis study is about Homeowner’s architectural responses to crime in Dar es Salaam Tanzania: its impacts and implications to urban architecture, urban design and urban management. The study explores and examines the processes through which homeowners respond to crimes of burglary, home robbery and fear of it using architectural or physical elements. The processes are explored and examined using case study methodology in three cases in Dar es Salaam. The cases are residential areas of Mikocheni B, Ilala Kasulu and Chang’ombe Housing. The findings from the three cases are compared and the common findings are illuminated and discussed using criminology, economic and social theories and concepts. The results of the study show that, homeowners physically and architecturally modify their home environments for many reasons. Homeowners do so by building or erecting wall fences around their houses and install or barricade doors and windows using metal bars. From the study, the notable main reasons are security and protection from burglary, thefts, home robbery and visual and physical privacy. Others include property marking, disputes and misunderstandings between neighbours and property encroachment by neighbours. In the study, it has been established that, the actions by the homeowners in responding to crime of burglary, thievery and home robberies have impacts and implications on the built environment. The impacts are: affects the visual experience of the built form by limiting view to houses; keeps neighbours apart thus limiting social interaction among residents; segregating public spaces and thus making them empty without people; encroaching on the streets; reducing surveilability of streets and neighbouring dwellings; create the impression of ‘private appearance’ therefore stigmataizing the residential neighbourhoods, all of which increase the vulnerability of areas as well as enhancing the ‘subjective’ feeling of fear in the areas. Furthermore, the responses pose risks to residents when fire evacuation from homes is required, including the effects that affect the environmental comfort conditions of homes and the overall built environment. Despite of the impacts to the built environment as summarised in the foregoing, the study has shown that, homeowners still erect wall fences and barricade their homes due to fear arising from previous crimes. On the basis of the impacts, a new approach to planning of residential housing areas is recommended in which the question of security against crime is included as design factor particularly in urban design. Either an approach to architectural design of houses and the layout of houses that considers crime as an important factor in addition to ‘target hardening’ approach is recommended to increase visibility and surveilability of built environments. The study concludes by highlighting five implications to urban architecture, urban design and urban management at planning and architectural design, considerations which may be of impacts towards improving built environment and management of the urban residential arena. The study ends by outlining and recommending areas of further research. / QC 20100706

The primary objective of this thesis was to examine the relevance of intergovernmental decisions and western risk-focused social crime prevention to reducing youth crime within Chongqing, China. This involved a review of the existing literature that might be relevant to: (i) the current youth crime situation in the city of Chongqing, (ii) risk factors that might contribute to youth crime within Chongqing, (iii) the scientific evaluations of ‘evidence-based’ risk-focused crime prevention strategies for different age groups of youth, and (iv) implementation strategies for evidence-based innovations to reduce youth crime. Based on this knowledge, interviews with six key stakeholders of Chongqing were conducted for the purpose of obtaining initial perceptions regarding the utility and practicality of crime prevention through social development within Chongqing. Ultimately, this study demonstrates the preliminary relevance of western studies and action, recalls China’s endorsement of intergovernmental recommendations, and provides a foundation for further research.

In many schools, drugs, vandalism, assaults, thefts, and violence against both students and teachers have destroyed the orderly atmosphere needed for teaching and learning. While juvenile criminal behavior, both in school and elsewhere, is caused by a large and complex set of sociological and psychological conditions, there is evidence that a better understanding of the problem of crime and violence in our schools and society can lead to a decline in students' apathy, cynicism, anger, and criminal delinquent behavior. Information presented in this dissertation may have the valuable effect of developing a basic nomenclature for lay persons and professionals, students and teachers, who share an interest in the perceived need to get crime and violence out of the schools. The appendices contain the nomenclature to which education professionals and concerned persons can refer for the practical and useful information they provide. / Graduation date: 1991