Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-08T16:59:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 123822.pdf: 1312830 bytes, checksum: daf9f2f1d9347be1ecd8f4079f0250a4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-03-14 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / In the 1960s and 1970s, the movement of prostitutes was considered a problem in Itajaí / SC. The persistence and movement of these free women interfered in the streets and modernization projects industrializing intended for the city in that period. The institution of criminal proceedings against owners house of prostitution shows the intervention of the judiciary in the appropriation that the groups were of urban space. There is an attempt by the police and law enforcement officers to oversee and control the sex trade, legitimizing spaces for prostitution. These criminal cases are used as a strategy to regulate the space. This discipline occurs through separation and delimitation of spaces that are steeped in gender differences. Despite attempts to confine prostitution to a specific area, prostitutes consumed the city in his own way, by subverting the idealized urban design. / Nas décadas de 1960 e 1970, a circulação das prostitutas foi considerada um problema em Itajaí/SC. A permanência e a circulação dessas mulheres livres pelas ruas interferiam nos projetos de modernização e industrialização pretendidos para a cidade naquele período. A instauração de processos criminais contra proprietários de casas de prostituição evidencia a intervenção do judiciário na apropriação que os grupos faziam do espaço urbano. Existe uma tentativa da polícia e dos operadores do direito em fiscalizar e controlar o comércio sexual, legitimando espaços para o exercício da prostituição. Esses processos criminais são utilizados como estratégia para disciplinar o espaço urbano. Esse disciplinamento ocorre através da separação e delimitação dos espaços que são perpassados por diferenças de gênero. Apesar da tentativa de circunscrever a prostituição à uma área específica, as prostitutas consumiram a cidade à sua maneira, subvertendo o idealizado projeto urbanístico.

Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-10T17:55:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Denis_Junior_Bellaver.pdf: 1559475 bytes, checksum: aca0625c69421ce722dc79dce31fbfc0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-10-18 / Earth and Work: the constitution of the field and farm workers in Toledo . Toledo (1955-1978) is engaged in understanding the process of class formation of rural workers in Toledo, as well as changes in the way we live and work in the field from their experiences in the period from 1955 to 1978. The theoretical and methodological orientation of the research is from the perspective of the Social History of Labour and Social Movements . I discuss how the work was reorganized as the intensification of capitalist relations of production and occupation of the field . The criminal cases are not read simply and solely for the purpose of drawing the constitution of the crime and the legal representations with respect to the historical presence of rural workers in the field or certain situations in their lives which were submitted and lived . The criminal cases are sources that lead us to the study of the historical experience of rural workers in Toledo , so that these criminal cases are designed and used as historical evidence . Criminal prosecutions while supplies direct to recover as was the daily life of this hidden class from the standpoint of the present, its values and the way they conducted their lives / O tema Terra e Trabalho: a constituição do campo e dos trabalhadores rurais em Toledo, no período de 1955-1978 , tem por objeto compreender o processo de formação da classe dos trabalhadores rurais de Toledo, bem como alterações na forma de viver e trabalhar no campo a partir de suas experiências. A orientação teórico-metodológica da pesquisa parte da perspectiva da História Social do Trabalho e Movimentos sociais. Problematizo como o trabalho foi reorganizado conforme o acirramento das relações capitalistas de produção e ocupação do campo. Os processos criminais não são lidos única e simplesmente com objetivo de desenhar a constituição da criminalidade ou das representações jurídicas com relação à presença histórica dos trabalhadores rurais no campo ou determinadas situações de suas vidas as quais estavam submetidos e viviam. Os processos criminais são fontes que nos levam ao estudo da experiência histórica dos trabalhadores rurais em Toledo, de modo que estes processos criminais são concebidos e utilizados como testemunhos históricos. Os processos criminais enquanto fontes direcionam para recuperar como era o cotidiano desta classe oculta do ponto de vista do presente, nos seus valores e a maneira como conduziam suas vidas

Within the framework of the traditional sociological question, how the legal system is related to the society, the aim of this study is to treat the legal system as a conflict resolver. More specifically, the following questions will be treated:1.Which categories of people and which categories of organizations are as parties using the court for settling conflicts and in what types of conflicts do they act in this way?2.Howdoes the legal utilization vary over time? May socio-economical, demographical, and legal conditions explain these variations?This study only deals with conflict resolution in courts of first instance, so called district courts.One aim has been to get a general view over to what extent Swedish courts are utilized as conflict resolvers, and how this utilization varies over time. The discussion is mainly based upon official statistics. To complete this discussion, an empirical study has been realized. This study is comparative. The conflict solving activities between 1940 and 1969 has been examined in the town courts of Umeå and Luleå. The data basis consists of official statistics and collected informations from cases finally dealt with in the two courts. A stratified random sample out of these cases has been made. As a result of theoretical and methodological considerations the sample consists of only certain types of disputes and crimes.As a general conclusion, one can state that disputes before the courts nowadays as earlier are concerning socially and economically strong persons. However one must notify that this study is just a case study with its limitations.Concerning criminal cases, expected results from the study are that the proportion of workers among the prosecuted is bigger than the proportion of prosecuted business leaders. Interesting however, is that the unskilled are well represented in the data material. This means a different picture compared to the distribution of plaintiffs in civil cases. The changes in character of the conflict constellations occured in the two towns at the same time as summary legal processes were introduced in criminal cases at the end of the 1940's. A bigger proportion of workers as prosecuted party is observed after that processual simplification. Pro-cessual simplifications of that kind seem to strengthen rather than to weaken the occupational bias among the prosecuted persons, at least in crime cases with an injured person involved.Concerning criminal cases, we have finally assumpted that during phases of social and economical stagnation both the number of prosecuted workers and the number of theft and drunkeness cases increases in the type of industrialized community that Luleå belongs to. In more socially and economically differentiated communities, like Umeå, the same type of development is more linked to phases of economical expansion. While increases in the pressure of temptation are widening the economical conditions for people, this may be the reasonable explanation to the variations in the conflict resolving activities in the courts between different local communities. Explanations, close to those used to explain criminal activity caused by poverty, may refer to local communities dominated by industry. / digitalisering@umu

This thesis sets out to provide a deep analysis of the mechanisms for review of convictions in New Zealand and England after initial appeal rights are exhausted, and to identify the key areas of similarity and difference between these systems, the reasons for these differences, and their implications. The appeal systems in each jurisdiction are briefly examined, alongside the pressures and restrictions on their functioning. Particular attention is paid to the options for appeal out of time, and for revisiting appeal decisions if new material comes to light. The main discussion is of the specialist procedures for review of suspect convictions in each jurisdiction: the Royal Prerogative of Mercy process carried out by the New Zealand Ministry of Justice and the work of the English Criminal Cases Review Commission. This discussion presents the results of empirical research carried out by the author utilising the files of each of these bodies. It investigates the legal context in which each body functions, and provides an account of how each body functions in practice, by examining the circumstances in which each body will contemplate referring a matter back to an appeal court and the means by which a determination is made as to whether to do so in an individual case. In addition it examines the various factors (legal and non-legal) which impact on their work. Finally, the key features of the two systems are contrasted, with a discussion of the areas of similarity and difference, as well as the possible implications of these, in particular for reform of the New Zealand processes.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T19:33:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Claudia Mastromauro Cerveira Quintas.pdf: 2108039 bytes, checksum: b423bdc0a5d9a7fbca947cb702fe20f6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-03-19 / This paper aims to verify which rhetoric strategies are used in legal discourses and how the characters' ethos is constituted in those discourses made along criminal cases. In the case analyzed, the father and the stepmother of a murdered child are the main suspects, and the sentences ended with the defendants conviction. In order to put in context the constitution process of the dissertation, historical and theoretical considerations about Classical Rhetoric and New Rhetoric were made, based on the studies of Aristotle, Chaim Perelman and Lucie Olbrechts-Tyteca, Michael Meyer, Olivier Reboul and Lineide do Lago Salvador Mosca. The studies of Luiz Antonio Ferreira were also used, referring to the principles of rhetoric analysis.The Constituição Federal da República Federativa do Brasil, in regard to magna laws, served as basis for the considerations of legal nature. The analysis is a result of the association of persuasion rhetoric techniques and the specificity of the construction of the ethos of the characters involved in a jury plenary, in order to point out how the discourses made in those scenarios were more or less persuasive and convincing. The selected piece shows the presence of several persuasive rhetoric strategies, as well as the way how the construction of the ethos of the characters is made in a discourse context. It can be seen the predominance of the epideictic genre and apodictic thinking, which start from probable or true premises and so, also bring speaker and audience close together. The characters involved in the analyzed discourses use passion movements to persuade the audience in order to obtain its adherence. Some rhetoric figures of presence and choice, like hyperbole and irony, are noticed in those discourses, what brings the speaker closer to the audience. The legal truth constitution, as shown in the analysis, starts from truthful premises and associates extrinsic and intrinsic evidence to conduct the audience. The rethoric context, surrounded by a universe of social values, is a major factor for the argumentative constitution and wields persuasive power. If the laws are vital for the promulgation of a sentence, the rhetoric path of all parts involved, done during the trial sessions, is key to the results obtained. It seems impossible to dissociate the logic conducting of the thinking without the potent association with the passion elements in the rhetoric constitution process of the act of judging, convicting or acquitting / Este trabalho objetiva verificar quais são as estratégias retóricas utilizadas nos discursos jurídicos e como se dá, ao longo dos processos criminais, a constituição do ethos dos sujeitos manifestados nesses discursos. Na amostra escolhida, o pai e a madrasta de uma criança assassinada são os principais suspeitos e a sentença culminou com a condenação dos réus. Para bem situar o processo de constituição da dissertação, parte-se de considerações históricas e teóricas a respeito da Retórica Clássica e da Nova Retórica, com base nos estudos de Aristóteles, Chaim Perelman e Lucie Olbrechts-Tyteca, Michael Meyer, Olivier Reboul e Lineide do Lago Salvador Mosca. Também foram usados os estudos de Luiz Antonio Ferreira, no que tange aos princípios da análise retórica. A Constituição Federal da República Federativa do Brasil, no que diz respeito às leis magnas, serviu de base para as considerações de natureza jurídica propriamente dita. A análise resulta da associação de estratégias retóricas de persuasão e da especificidade da construção do ethos dos sujeitos envolvidos em um Plenário do Júri, a fim de apontar como os discursos elaborados nessas esferas foram menos ou mais persuasivos e convincentes. O recorte selecionado evidencia a presença de muitas estratégias retóricas persuasivas, bem como a forma como, no plano discursivo, a construção dos ethos dos sujeitos é retoricamente delineada. Observa-se, como produto analítico, a predominância do gênero epidítico e dos raciocínios apodíticos, que partem das premissas prováveis ou verdadeiras e, nesse sentido, também aproximam o orador e o auditório. Os sujeitos envolvidos nos discursos analisados valem-se do movimentar das paixões para persuadir o auditório em busca da adesão. Há, ainda, nos discursos analisados, ocorrência de figuras retóricas de presença e de escolha, como hipérbole e ironia, que aproximam orador e auditório. A constituição da verdade jurídica, como demonstra a análise, parte de premissas verossímeis e associa as provas extrínsecas às intrínsecas para a condução do auditório. O contexto retórico, envolto num universo de valores sociais, é fator preponderante para a constituição argumentativa e exerce forte poder persuasivo. Se as leis são vitais para a promulgação de uma sentença, o encaminhamento retórico de todas as partes envolvidas, criado durante as sessões de julgamento, é fator exponencial para o resultado obtido. Parece ser impossível desvencilhar a condução lógica do raciocínio sem a associação potente com os elementos passionais no processo de constituição retórica do ato de julgar, condenar ou absolver

En France, depuis plus d’une soixantaine d’années, la médiatisation des affaires pénales s’est nettement accentuée. Ce constat s'explique en raison de la multiplication des supports (presse, radio, télévision, internet), et de l'intérêt croissant que les journalistes portent aussi bien aux simples faits divers, qu'aux affaires politico-judiciaires. Le public se passionne pour cette actualité sans cesse renouvelée, tout en ignorant la plupart du temps les règles juridiques techniques et complexes du droit pénal et de la procédure pénale. Au-delà du principe de publicité du procès pénal qui autorise, dans une certaine mesure, sa médiatisation par le relais de la presse écrite et audiovisuelle, l’information s’étend dorénavant avec force aux phases secrètes de la procédure. Non sans difficulté, le Droit s’est adapté aux réalités d’une société de la communication, en créant des fenêtres de publicité au cours de la procédure. L’Institution judiciaire se plie aussi aux nécessités de la communication en transmettant des messages aux citoyens par le vecteur des médias. Les enjeux diffèrent. Les médias remplissent une mission de service public en informant le peuple. L’urgence du travail journalistique – et la recherche d’informations inédites ou spectaculaires – s’opposent aux lenteurs nécessaires du temps de la justice qui n’est pas le même que celui de la presse moderne, surtout quand elle est mue par une logique concurrentielle. La justice pénale entend valoriser le bon fonctionnement du système judiciaire à travers les informations qu’elle diffuse. Les dérives tendant à transformer la médiatisation de la justice pénale en une justice pénale « médiatique » se multiplient. La confrontation de ces objectifs distincts est source de conflits dont la résolution repose sur la quête perpétuelle d’un équilibre entre les grands principes démocratiques et les libertés fondamentales consacrés par le droit national et supranational. / In France, the last 60 years or so have seen a sharp increase in the media profile of the criminal justice system. The explanation lies in the massive growth in media outlets (press, radio, television, internet) and in the increasing interest shown by journalists, not only in run-of-the-mill crime stories but in cases of corruption at the top of the political system. Public interest in such doings is huge, although with mostly little regard to the legal and technical complexities of the criminal law and its processes. The justice system in principle allows some media reporting by press and broadcasters, but the present-day appetite for information extends far deeper, into its more secret workings. The Law has adjusted, not without difficulty, to the realities of the communication society. In criminal proceedings, some windows have been thrown open on aspects of previously hidden processes. The judiciary, as an institution, has had to bow to popular pressure, has become more communicative, and has learned to use the media to keep people better informed. Different issues are at stake. The media, as a provider of information, perform a public service. But the urgency of the rush to print – and the pressure to publish undisclosed information including the most sensational – conflict with the justice system, that acts according to a more deliberate legal process than journalism, particularly when the latter’s logic is financial. The criminal justice system disseminates information to enhance its own value as a working institution. Even so, it may slip from being media-sensitive to being media-dependent or “mediatic”—and increasingly so. Different objectives give rise to unresolved conflicts, whose resolution relies on a balancing act that seeks to reconcile the principles of an open democratic society, with the fundamental freedoms guaranteed by national and supranational legal systems.

This study examines the role of customary courts in the delivery of justice in South Sudan. In doing so, it analyses the legal background, the hierarchy and composition of the customary courts. The considerations behind the constitutional recognition of the customary law courts in the current constitutional dispensation and the jurisdiction of customary courts are limited to customary matters and only criminal cases with a customary interface. It is noted that the customary Judges do not only exercise judicial functions but also play executive and legislative functions which contravene the constitutional principle of separation of powers. Reconciliation and compensation are noted as the major principles applied in the customary law courts. The major concern is that most practices in the customary law courts violate fundamental human rights. / Public, Constitutional and International Law / LLM

This study examines the role of customary courts in the delivery of justice in South Sudan. In doing so, it analyses the legal background, the hierarchy and composition of the customary courts. The considerations behind the constitutional recognition of the customary law courts in the current constitutional dispensation and the jurisdiction of customary courts are limited to customary matters and only criminal cases with a customary interface. It is noted that the customary Judges do not only exercise judicial functions but also play executive and legislative functions which contravene the constitutional principle of separation of powers. Reconciliation and compensation are noted as the major principles applied in the customary law courts. The major concern is that most practices in the customary law courts violate fundamental human rights. / Public, Constitutional and International Law / LL. M.