Crimes committed by law enforcement officers Abstract This Master Thesis comprehensively focuses on crimes committed by law enforcement officers, aiming especially on officers of the Police of the Czech Republic, of the Prison Service of the Czech Republic and of the Customs Administration of the Czech Republic. This Thesis aims to bring the readers closer to the overall view of crimes committed the law enforcement officers, to provide a comprehensive overview of the current knowledge on this issue and to draw attention to seriousness of this specific crime activity. Structure of this Thesis is divided into three parts - the general part, the analytical part and the special part. The general part defines the individual law enforcement agencies of the Czech Republic and familiarises readers with their activities. The analytical part describes and assesses the crimes committed by the law enforcement officers, compares the criminality of law enforcement officers between the individual law enforcement agencies of the Czech Republic and with the criminality of general population of the Czech Republic and also with the criminality of law enforcement in the United States of America. It also specifies the most risky groups of offenders among the officers of the Police of the Czech Republic according to several...

This thesis deals with the reporting of criminal offenses both in terms of individual and procedural criminal law, and from the point of view of the importance of this issue in criminology. The thesis is divided into ten chapters. The first chapter describes the role of reporting criminal offenses in criminal proceedings. In particular, it deals with the status of the procedure for initiating criminal prosecution in criminal proceedings. It then deals with the very aspects of the procedure for filing a crime report, in particular with crime reporting, its formalities, options in filing a criminal complaint, and procedures following the filing of a criminal complaint, while it points out the issue of imposing the act of closed file. Chapter two highlights the rights of the complainant, the injured and the victim in connection with the reported crime. This chapter addresses issues with informing the injured person or victim at the point of crime reporting. Furthermore, this chapter deals with the right of the complainant to an effective investigation. Chapter three deals with the benefits of crime reporting by its perpetrator as encompassed in the Criminal Code. Chapter four addresses the issue of misuse of the criminal reporting system, especially the possible ways of system abuse and the responsibility for...

Introdução: Os homens biológicos profissionais do sexo (male sex workers MSW) constituem uma população heterogênea, de forma que uma classificação tipológica poderá promover o desenvolvimento de políticas públicas mais específicas. Embora existam diversas classificações para o homem que se prostitui nas ruas das cidades (street hustlers), há poucos estudos que avaliam aspectos psicopatológicos específicos desses indivíduos. Este estudo examina aspectos dimensionais da personalidade, impulsividade, uso de álcool e drogas e envolvimento com atividades criminais entre street hustlers da cidade de Santo André/SP. Método: Trata-se de um estudo seccional e retrospectivo, realizado pelo Ambulatório de Transtornos da Sexualidade da Faculdade de Medicina do ABC (ABSex), em associação com o Grupo Interdisciplinar de Estudos de Álcool e Drogas do Instituto de Psiquiatria da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (GREA Ipq FMUSP). Oitenta e seis sujeitos foram avaliados por meio de questionários autoresponsivos, sendo as entrevistas realizadas nas ruas de Santo André/SP, no próprio local de trabalho dos entrevistados, entre 2008 e 2010. Resultados: MSW portadores de transtornos de identidade de gênero (TIG) apresentaram maiores níveis de Esquiva ao Dano, mais frequente história de agressão física por parte dos clientes e menor oportunidade de outros empregos quando comparados com MSW sem TIG. MSW com uso inconsistente de preservativos apresentaram mais problemas com uso de álcool e drogas, maiores níveis de Dependência de Gratificação, mais frequente história de tentativas prévias de suicídio e antecedente criminal quando comparados a MSW com uso consistente de preservativos. Conclusões: A prostituição masculina é um fenômeno composto de múltiplos aspectos. Há múltiplas variações em termos de motivações e padrões de vida entre os MSW, de forma ser necessário dividi-los em categorias. A identidade e papel de gênero, uso de substâncias psicoativas e aspectos de personalidade são variáveis importantes a serem consideradas quando do desenvolvimento de políticas de saúde pública mais específicas. A habilidade em avaliar tais características pode ser ferramenta importante no desenvolvimento de propostas mais efetivas para o manejo dessa complexa população / Introduction: Male sex workers (MSW) are a heterogeneous population, and researchers aim to categorize them into typology groups to develop more specific public health policies. Although there are several classifications for MSW who work on streets (street hustlers), there are few studies that evaluate specific psychopathology aspects of these individuals. This study examines the dimensional aspects of personality, impulsiveness, alcohol and drug use, and criminal history among street hustlers in the city of Santo André/SP. Method: This is a cross-sectional and retrospective study, carried out by Ambulatory for the Treatment of Sexual Disorders of ABC Medical School (ABSex), in association with the Interdisciplinary Group of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs, Psychiatry Institute Faculty of Medicine - São Paulo University (GREA - IPQ - FMUSP). Eighty-six subjects were assessed through self-report questionnaires. The interviews were performed on the streets of Santo André/SP, in the workplace of the MSW, from 2008 to 2010. Results: MSW with gender identity disorder (GID) showed higher Harm Avoidance levels, more frequent history of physical aggression by clients and less opportunity of other jobs when compared with street MSW without GID. MSW with inconsistent condom use showed more alcohol and drug use problems, higher levels of Reward Dependence, higher frequency of personal history of suicide attempts and criminal history. Conclusions: Male prostitution is a phenomenon composed of multiple aspects. Variations of personal motivations and life patterns among MSW are huge. So it is necessary to divide them into clusters. Identity and gender roles, substance abuse, personality aspects, like Harm Avoidance and Reward Dependence, are important variables to be considered for the development of more specific public health policies. The ability to assess such characteristics may be an important tool in developing proposals for more effective management of this complex population

Diante da intensificação do processo de encarceramento feminino verificada na última década e das nefastas consequências que decorrem da prisionalização, a presente pesquisa voltar-se-á para a análise da criminalidade feminina a partir de uma perspectiva de gênero, a fim de identificar as especificidades do comportamento feminino e revelar como o gênero e as relações de poder dele decorrentes estão essencialmente entrelaçados na construção da realidade criminal. Para tanto, será adotada uma abordagem histórica sobre o conceito de gênero e da sua introdução analítica nas ciências jurídicas, a fim de compreender de que forma o paradigma de gênero colabora para a transformação do discurso jurídico. Em seguida, será exposta a trajetória das teorias criminológicas, passando pelos caminhos das teorias demonológicas até as feministas, com a finalidade de investigar as diversas abordagens da criminalidade feminina. Por fim, a partir da análise de processos criminais que tramitaram perante o Superior Tribunal de Justiça e abordaram o crime de tráfico de drogas para dentro dos presídios, serão investigados concretamente os diferentes aspectos que as questões de gênero podem relacionar-se com o fenômeno criminal. / In view of the intensification of female incarceration verified on the past decade and the nefarious consequences that follows the imprisonment, the following research will focus on the analysis of the female criminality from a gender perspective, willing to identify the female behavior specificities and reveal how the gender and the following power relations are essentially associated in the framing of the criminal reality. For this purpose, will be taken a historical approach about the concept of gender and its analytical introduction on the legal sciences, in order to understand how the gender paradigm collaborates for the legal discourse transformation. Afterwards, it will be established the criminological theories path, through the demonological theories up to the feminist theories, to investigate the various approaches about feminine criminality. Finally, from the analysis of processes that were processed before the Superior Tribunal de Justiça and addressed drug dealing into prisons, will be investigated truly the different aspects in with gender issues can relate with the criminal phenomenon.

"Perhaps if one had been raised elsewhere, in another environment ..." is a qualitative study whose purpose is to describe and create an understanding of past criminals' experiences in their childhood and turning point. The questions are further explained how risk factors and risk behaviors affect the childhood, as well as what factors can lead to a turning point. The empiric is reached through the performance of six individual interviews with former criminals, and analyzed with theories of Social bonds by Travis Hirschi, Life Course Theory of Laub & Sampson and KASAM by Aaron Antonovsky. The result and conclusions show that previous criminals have shown a risk behavior based on the risk factors they were exposed to during their growth. Furthermore, the turning point is understood to depend on how strong and weak the previous criminals associated with their relatives during their childhood. The turning point can also be understood from the inner will that the former criminal finds, with the help of motivation and meaningfulness. / “Kanske om man hade varit uppväxt någon annanstans, i en annan miljö…” är en kvalitativ studie vars syfte är att beskriva och skapa en förståelse för tidigare kriminellas upplevelser i deras uppväxt och vändpunkt. Frågeställningarna ställs vidare hur riskfaktorer och riskbeteenden påverkat uppväxten, samt om vilka faktorer som kan leda till en vändpunkt. Empirin nås genom utförandet av sex enskilda intervjuer med tidigare kriminella, och analyseras med teorier om Sociala band av Travis Hirschi, Livsförlopps-teorin av Laub & Sampson och KASAM av Aaron Antonovsky. Resultatet och slutsatserna visar på att tidigare kriminella har visat på ett riskbeteende utifrån de riskfaktorer som de utsatts för under sin uppväxt. Vidare förstås vändpunkten ske beroende på hur stark respektive svag anknytning de tidigare kriminella knutit an med sina närstående under uppväxten. Vändpunkten kan dessutom förstås utifrån den inre viljan som de tidigare kriminella finner, med hjälp av motivation och meningsfullhet.

Återhämtning är en individuell process som handlar om att skapa hopp, mening och identitet. Betydelsefullt är tillgång till stödjande relationer och nätverk. Detta synsätt genomsyrar och är utgångspunkt för denna studie. Studiens syfte är att studera den individuella återhämtningsprocessen från missbruk och kriminalitet. Återhämtningsprocessen studerades utifrån sju aktuella självbiografiska verk som analyserades med hjälp av tematisk analys och kopplades till tidigare forskning samt teorin Den individuella återhämtningsprocessens fyra grundpelare. Teorins grundpelare innefattar omdefiniering av sig själv, betydelsen av stöd, hantera symptom samt involvering i meningsfull aktivitet. Studiens resultat visar att det utöver faktorerna i teorin är viktigt för huvudpersonernas återhämtning att utföra symboliska handlingar som visar att en förändringsprocess påbörjats, samt att bryta med icke-stödjande relationer. Studien visar att huvudpersonernas återhämtning från missbruk och kriminalitet kan betraktas som en enda process. / Recovery is an individual process about creating hope, meaning and identity. Significant is access to supportive relationships and networks. This approach permeates and is the starting point for this study. The aim is to study the individual's recovery from abuse and crime. The recovery process was studied on the basis of seven current autobiographies, analyzed through thematic analysis, and linked to previous research and the theory The four columns of the individual recovery process. The columns includes redefinition of itself, the importance of support, dealing with symptoms and involvement in meaningful activity. The results show, in addition to the theory, that it is important for the autobiographer’s recovery to perform symbolic actions to show that a change has begun, and to end non-supporting relationships. The study shows that the autobiographer’s recovery from abuse and crime can be considered as a single process.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-29T13:31:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Carolina Guidi Gentil.pdf: 952238 bytes, checksum: 3caca544f0459fbf87a69d55325bdc35 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-10-19 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / The Hospital of Custody and Psychiatric Treatment- popularly known as the judiciary asylum - functions today as the main resource of treatment for those labeled by a court as "legally insane". This work will adopt this expression, "legally insane", so as to emphasize the ambiguity that encircles this category of criminal, in the sense that they are neither criminals, nor innocents, they are found not-guilty by reason of insanity, being insanity a form of punishment in itself. Studying this type of character, two laws become essential for fully comprehending its present situation. The first would be "Medida de Segurança", established by Penal Code of 1940, and still ruling. The second would be the Psychiatric Reform (nº 10.216/2001), established in 2001, following a new political programme for mental-health treatment, based mainly in a more humanized approach to the ones found in psychiatric wards. These two laws, by their very contradictory nature, collide and pose many problems. This dissertation was structured in three chapters. The first one focuses on the process by which the notion of criminality is founded, the social discourses that validate it and the institutions that use such rhetoric. The second one observes the history of the law in Brazil, and how cases from different countries influenced the recent changes in our Constitution. And the last one studies the current situation of those found in psychiatric wards in Distrito Federal, and how these many factors operate in their reality. My theoretical tools were driven out of the works and concepts of Foucault, where the historical roots are analyzed in order to create a panorama from which we can observe how crime, pathology, and social defense correlate to which other in a complex drapery that involves institutions, laws, and social stigmas. It was found that a large amount of those kept in psychiatric wards had already a history of earlier hospitalizations. This was the first visible pattern. The second was that many were single subjects, poorly schooled, and diagnosed with dysfunctions related to psychosis and schizophrenia. The crimes they committed ranged from thievery to homicide. This research also found similar data in other states, which authorized comparisons for purposes of further elucidations. By focusing on the essential conflict between the two laws and seeing which one would overcome the other, and also by trying to scrutinize the mechanisms behind such operation, this research had the purpose of posing a new debate over the current situation of those labeled "legally insane" and their treatment / O Hospital de Custódia e Tratamento Psiquiátrico- HCTP, ou também conhecido mais popularmente por Manicômio Judiciário- MJ se constitui, hoje, como o dispositivo central no trato do personagem do louco infrator. Este trabalho preferirá adotar a expressão louco criminoso, e também de Manicômio Judiciário, não por pretender legitimar a existência estrita e irremediável deste personagem e deste local, mas justamente para apresentar de forma clara o imaginário social hegemônico que o atravessa, e a instituição a ele delegada historicamente. No trato deste personagem duas leis seriam centrais para a compreensão do lugar hoje destinado a estes sujeitos. A primeira delas a da Medida de Segurança, localizada no Código Penal de 1940 e em vigor até hoje. A segunda a da Reforma Psiquiátrica (nº 10.216/2001) aprovada em 2001, com uma nova política de saúde mental angariada principalmente na desinstitucionalização e cuidado dos sujeitos em instituições abertas. Por ora se sabem que estas duas leis operam de maneiras dissonantes em muitos sentidos, o que provoca um jogo de forças, onde ora uma se sobressai diante da outra, e vice-versa. Estruturamos a dissertação em três capítulos. O primeiro deles focalizará a construção da figura da periculosidade, sua formação discursiva e os atores institucionais que dela participam. O segundo será configurado a partir do histórico brasileiro, e de como os estudos internacionais ecoaram aqui, culminando na lei da Medida de Segurança. E por último, numa fotografia do presente, quando se apresentará um perfil dos sentenciados à Medida de Segurança, no regime de internação, no DF, buscando tornar visíveis as funções do Manicômio Judiciário hoje. Estabelecer esse percurso configura uma maneira de trabalho baseada em conceitos de Foucault onde se busca as raízes históricas da construção de uma objetivação, no nosso caso o imbricamento entre crime, patologia e defesa social, bem como os dispositivos de seu funcionamento. Especificamente os mecanismos das Medidas de Segurança, os exames médico-psiquiátricos e as instituições de custódia. Encontramos como resultado que esses sujeitos seriam efeito de um percurso institucional, anterior à internação na ATP com uma porcentagem elevada de casos que tiveram passagem anterior por instituição de saúde, saúde mental e/ou o sistema socioeducativo. Além disso, são sujeitos solteiros, com baixa escolaridade, e em sua maioria diagnosticados com transtornos relacionados à psicose e esquizofrenia. Os crimes variam desde furtos a homicídios. Essa pesquisa encontrou dados semelhantes a outras realizadas anteriormente em outros Estados, e realizamos, também, algumas comparações. Ao encontrar uma sobreposição de duas leis vigentes e buscar entender qual tem se sobressaído, bem como buscar fundamentar os dispositivos vigentes para essa sobreposição, e suas possíveis consequências ideológicas e políticas, a pesquisa nesta área se constitui como instrumento de análise e atualização de dados para possíveis novas ações políticas

Studiens syfte är att undersöka hur socialtjänsten och polisen samverkar för att förebygga ungdomskriminalitet i Eskilstuna kommun. För att samla in material till studien har nio stycken kvalitativa intervjuer, med 10 respondenter, genomförts. Samtliga respondenter arbetar med eller inom samverkan mellan polis och socialtjänst. Resultatet visar att kommunen arbetar aktivt med samverkan på olika sätt, bland annat genom arbetssätten Sociala insatsgrupper och SSPF (Skola, socialtjänst, polis och fritid) på en individnivå. Utifrån en strukturell nivå arbetar kommunen främst med samverkansöverenskommelser och lägesbilder. Trots dessa arbetssätt påverkar de resursbrister som finns samverkan negativt, vilket leder till en mindre önskvärd samverkan. Det beskrivs att sekretesslagstiftningen även är ett hinder för samverkan mellan polis och socialtjänst. Utifrån resultatet dras slutsatsen att det finns flertalet viktiga aktörer i kommunen för en välfungerande samverkan. Ett större perspektiv hade därav varit intressant för vidare studier. / Youth criminality is a important topic nowadays and the aim of this study is how the social services and the police collaborate between eachother to handle the problems caused by youth criminality in Eskilstuna kommun. 10 qualitative interviews were used to gather material. The interview candidates were either working with the social services or the police, or were involved in the collaboration work. The results from this study showed that the municipality work with collaboration in different ways, for example with methods as ‘Sociala insatsgrupper’ och SSPF The result also shows that collaboration occur on a structural level. The study illustrate what encourage and prevent collaboration. Communication, roles and coordination are examples of what encourage. Lack of communication and resources, but also secrecy prevent collaboration. Based on the result, it is concluded that there are several important organisations in the municipality for a functioning collaboration. An extended perspective had therefore been interesting for further studies.

Este trabalho está centrado na análise dos fenômenos socioespaciais que envolvem a criminalidade violenta no meio urbano. Busca-se investigar a relação entre o aumento da violência letal e os elevados índices de desigualdade social nos últimos 30 anos. O trabalho trata respectivamente das causas da violência urbana, das relações do crime e da violência com o espaço, além da participação dos jovens nas ações violentas e no trabalho do tráfico de drogas como fator decisivo na elevação das taxas de letalidade juvenil. Selecionamos o bairro Santa Tereza, por tratar-se de uma região conflituosa no município de Porto Alegre - RS, como objeto de estudo de caso, visto que concentra características de uma sociabilidade violenta. Investigamos as relações de pertencimento nas comunidades e o medo dos lugares em virtude do aumento da criminalidade nos centros urbanos. Da mesma forma, consideramos as causas do aumento da violência como sendo um dos fatores de repulsão dos espaços de uso comum e promotor de novas territorialidades a partir do esgarçamento do tecido sócio espacial. / This work focuses on the analysis of socio-spatial phenomena involving violent crime in urban areas. The aim is to investigate the relationship between the increase in lethal violence to high levels of social inequality in the last 30 years. The work deals respectively of the causes of urban violence, crime and violence relations with the space on the participation of young people in violent actions and the work of drug trafficking as a decisive factor in the rise of juvenile mortality rates. We selected Santa Tereza district, because it is a conflictive region in the city of Porto Alegre - RS, as a case study object as it focuses characteristics of a violent sociability. We investigated the relationships of belonging in communities and the fear of places due to the increase of crime in urban centers. Similarly we consider the causes of increasing violence as one of repulsion factors of spaces for common use and promoter of new territoriality from the fraying of the socio-spatial fabric.

This thesis tackles the pervasiveness of aberration in Senecan tragedy. Aberration infects all aspects of the drama, and it is deeply entwined with Senecan criminality. In my introduction, I define my terminology of the aberrant, and I discuss a series of ongoing scholarly debates on the tragedies, showing how understanding the aberrant in Seneca's dramas can shed new light on these questions. In Chapter 1, I examine the relationship between the language of crime in the plays, tracing the Latin words for crime back to their instances in Republican Roman tragedy and other genres and seeing how Seneca uses and develops this language of crime, creating an unstable fuel for his dramas. In Chapter 2, I consider Seneca's paradoxes. I consider not only verbal manifestations but all the different paradoxes that appear in the dramas: visual paradoxes, paradoxes of infinity, thematic paradoxes, intertextual paradoxes and more. Paradox is not merely a formal feature of Seneca's writing but integral to the structure of each play. Paradox becomes Seneca's means of transforming linguistic aberration into thematic aberration. In Chapter 3, I argue that Senecan landscapes are not just verbal artefacts. Seneca describes his anomalous spaces in ways that connect with how space and place was experienced in Roman culture. Seneca's aberrant spaces give us buildings that are bigger on the inside than the outside and bodies that explode with the emotions within them. In Chapter 4, I probe aberrant behaviour, by considering the ambiguous characters of Hercules and Thyestes. I expand our focus to incorporate Roman notions of appropriate behaviour, reading the dramas and De Beneficiis as reflecting wider socio-cultural concerns, and I question common assumptions about the thematization of theatricality in Senecan tragedy. In both Hercules Furens and Thyestes, crime skews and twists the situation, rendering apparently ethical behaviour aberrant.