<p>När döden inträffar plötsligt, har efterlevande inte fått någon chans till mental förberedelse inför dödsfallet. Efterlevande löper därmed stor risk att drabbas av komplicerade sorgereaktioner, med psykisk och fysisk ohälsa som följd. Denna grupp möts inte i tillräckligt stor utsträckning av strukturerad evidensbaserad omvårdnad, i proportion till efterlevande vid väntade dödsfall. Syftet med litteraturstudien var att belysa närståendes behov vid plötslig död samt att understryka relevanta omvårdnadsåtgärder i akuta skeden. Litteraturstudien är baserad på 13 vetenskapliga artiklar som på olika sätt behandlar närståendes behov vid plötslig död. Resultatet behandlar närståendes behov utifrån fem kategorier: bemötande, information, närvaro, avsked och uppföljning. Närstående upplever ofta brister i sjukvårdspersonalens förmåga att möta deras behov. Brister som rapporterats gäller framförallt närståendes behov av bemötande och information, vilket kan sätta djupa spår hos efterlevande. Kunskapen om nyttan av att möta efterlevandes behov av uppföljning efter plötsliga dödsfall bedöms i dagsläget inte vara tillräcklig. Kunskapen om närståendes behov vid plötsliga dödsfall behöver fördjupas. Ytterligare forskning krävs, då området i dagsläget är eftersatt. Initialt bör dock existerande forskning implementeras.</p> / <p>When sudden death occurs, the survivors do not have a chance to mentally prepare for the loss. Survivors suffer high risk of complicated grief reactions, resulting in mental and physical illness. This group is not met sufficiently by structured evidence-based care, in proportion to the care of survivors expecting the loss. The purpose of the literature study was to highlight the needs of relatives confronted with sudden death, and to emphasize relevant nursing measures in acute stages. This paper is a survey of literature based on 13 research articles, in various ways dealing with needs of bereaved confronted with sudden death. The result deals with the needs of close relatives based on five categories: caring, information, proximity, viewing the body and follow-up. Survivors often experience gaps in health professionals' ability to meet their needs. Deficiencies regarding relatives’ needs of caring and information often results in negative long lasting memories. Knowledge of the benefits of meeting the needs of survivors regarding follow-up after a sudden death, is to this date considered insufficient. Knowledge of survivors confronted with sudden death need to be further explored. Further research is required, since the area of current situation is neglected. Initially, however, existing research need to be implemented.</p>

När döden inträffar plötsligt, har efterlevande inte fått någon chans till mental förberedelse inför dödsfallet. Efterlevande löper därmed stor risk att drabbas av komplicerade sorgereaktioner, med psykisk och fysisk ohälsa som följd. Denna grupp möts inte i tillräckligt stor utsträckning av strukturerad evidensbaserad omvårdnad, i proportion till efterlevande vid väntade dödsfall. Syftet med litteraturstudien var att belysa närståendes behov vid plötslig död samt att understryka relevanta omvårdnadsåtgärder i akuta skeden. Litteraturstudien är baserad på 13 vetenskapliga artiklar som på olika sätt behandlar närståendes behov vid plötslig död. Resultatet behandlar närståendes behov utifrån fem kategorier: bemötande, information, närvaro, avsked och uppföljning. Närstående upplever ofta brister i sjukvårdspersonalens förmåga att möta deras behov. Brister som rapporterats gäller framförallt närståendes behov av bemötande och information, vilket kan sätta djupa spår hos efterlevande. Kunskapen om nyttan av att möta efterlevandes behov av uppföljning efter plötsliga dödsfall bedöms i dagsläget inte vara tillräcklig. Kunskapen om närståendes behov vid plötsliga dödsfall behöver fördjupas. Ytterligare forskning krävs, då området i dagsläget är eftersatt. Initialt bör dock existerande forskning implementeras. / When sudden death occurs, the survivors do not have a chance to mentally prepare for the loss. Survivors suffer high risk of complicated grief reactions, resulting in mental and physical illness. This group is not met sufficiently by structured evidence-based care, in proportion to the care of survivors expecting the loss. The purpose of the literature study was to highlight the needs of relatives confronted with sudden death, and to emphasize relevant nursing measures in acute stages. This paper is a survey of literature based on 13 research articles, in various ways dealing with needs of bereaved confronted with sudden death. The result deals with the needs of close relatives based on five categories: caring, information, proximity, viewing the body and follow-up. Survivors often experience gaps in health professionals' ability to meet their needs. Deficiencies regarding relatives’ needs of caring and information often results in negative long lasting memories. Knowledge of the benefits of meeting the needs of survivors regarding follow-up after a sudden death, is to this date considered insufficient. Knowledge of survivors confronted with sudden death need to be further explored. Further research is required, since the area of current situation is neglected. Initially, however, existing research need to be implemented.

Domestic violence highlights as a significant social problem, it introduces frequent and least controlled form of violence included all manifestations of violence among close people. Domestic violence is a form of violence widespreaded throughout the world, in all cultures, appears among people of all social levels, regardless of education, economic situation or ethnicity. Victims of domestic violence are in up to 98% women. In families with domestic violence living minor children, so that they are also victims. According to available research domestic violence takes place in the presence of children in nearly 90% of families. The child itself is a family environment affected by domestic violence for the healthy development very threatening.The theory explains the basic concepts in the field of domestic violence. By children, victims of domestic violence, it is described the impact of domestic violence on the mental and social development of the child. The thesis also summarizes the possibilities of legal protection for persons at risk of domestic violence. They are characterized major institutions involved in solving this problem, including intervention and assistance to victims of the various actors involved. From 2007 operates in the Czech Republic interventional centres that provide emergency assistance to victims of domestic violence and at the same time coordinate interdisciplinary collaboration between other related services. In cases reporting a violent person out of household cooperate with the Police, in the event that in the family with domestic violence are living minor children involved in the process of help the social and legal protection of children, because a child who lives in a family with domestic violence can described as a threatened child.The objective of practical part of the thesis is to determine how cooperation works between the Interventional Centre České Budějovice and the authorities for social and legal protection of children in South Bohemia cases of domestic violence, to find out the view of the issues on the part of social and legal protection of children and intervention center and to map the differences between specific interventions and professional care dedicated to victims of domestic violence with a view to the minor children present violence in families. The qualitatively research uses the method of questioning and analysis of documents. The main techniques of data collection are, with regard to the objective of the thesis, semi-structured interviews with open questions with the staff of the authorities for social and legal protection of children selected municipal authorities of municipalities with extended powers and personnel Interventional Centre České Budějovice, made with a face to face meeting. Another method used is content analysis of secondary data generated by studying the documents of cases currently handled by the authorities for social and legal protection of children and Interventional Centre. Through selected case studies of children attending domestic violence and analysis is found functioning cooperation between the intervention center and the authorities for social and legal protection of children, described the process and specifics of the work, it is obtained information by looking at the issue of domestic violence in families with minor children, and specific interventions of stakeholders assistance and their subsequent comparison. On the basis are the hypotheses formulated.Domestic violence is a complex issue with many specifics, which should take into account the system of assistance to vulnerable persons and indirect victims. Cooperation of bodies in the course of the intervention and assistance to victims of domestic violence are entering, is very important, it´s increase the efficiency of the process. Based on the collected data was pointed out the major importance of the interdisciplinary team, as well as cooperation with problems and possible solutions.

The thesis deals with the description of the psychological and spiritual support for the members of the police force. Its basis is the definition of the police force as the service to the public while the policeman is perceived as both the representative of the state force and the human being. In the part dealing with the professional ethics one points out to the usefulness of the ethical codex for a policeman as a possible inspiration for one's responsibility in the role of a policeman.Next, negative phenomena influencing a policeman are described, such as stress, a traumatic event,crisis,and a burn-out syndrom. The thesis considers the needs of the man linked to the needs of a policeman proper. Based on the information collected it then deals with the psychological and spiritual support. The psychological support in the police force has got a certain framework defined in the form of a crisis intervention, a psychological advisory service and a posttraumatic intervention care. A spiritual support has no specific concept defined. A priest has his role in posttraumatic intervention teams only. Based on the research carried out and on the literature available the possibility is outlined for the provision of not only psychological but also for the spiritual support.

In my thesis, I postulated the target to map the methods and procedures applied by the CR Police, Regional Police Headquarters of the South-Bohemian Region within the primary, secondary as well as tertiary prevention of posttraumatic reactions and disorder. A partial target of the thesis is finding out the rate of the satisfaction with availability of intervention care for policemen and employees of the Regional Police Headquarters of the South-Bohemian Region, finding out the rate of the awareness, usability and satisfaction with the care of the posttraumatic intervention team in the South-Bohemian Region, awareness of the service Help Line in crisis and its usability. Moreover I postulated the goal to map the interest in the possible internet helpline in the scope of IZS with elaboration of SWOD analysis. Everybody, also policemen may suffer from stress reaction. Also they can have the psychical and physical signs of an acute stress reaction. They perform the most of service acts, interventions in a routine way, however, besides this, also situations occur, differing from the normal life experience and policemen get in this way very often into the stress situations, which can arouse deep mental turbulences. The impact of feelings on the mental state in case of extreme experiences is a normal human reaction in a not normal situation. At present, each policeman has the possibility to ask for help a team of specially trained experts, the team of posttraumatic intervention care. In the team, not only psychologists are working, but also experienced policemen, experts of the branch of the Ministry of Interior and the priests prepared to help with their experience, erudition and knowledge acquired by a special training. Since 2001 the impacted person may call the anonymous Crisis Help Line, which is a supporting part of the posttraumatic intervention care for the policemen, firemen, employees of the branch of the Ministry of Interior and their family members. The crisis help line is also at disposal to the public in case of extraordinary events and crisis situations. For this reason, this thesis treats the methods of posttraumatic intervention care, awareness, usability, satisfaction and trust in these branch offices of the CR Police.

The thesis topic ``Requirements for telephone crisis intervention for victims of human trafficking{\crq}q was chosen because of the author{\crq}s personal experience. The thesis aims to map out a comprehensive picture of a specialised helpline for trafficked persons and to compare its requirements with those of the helpline for the general public. Human trafficking is a criminal act which entails an abusive breach of human rights. Recent expansion in Europe is often connected with a specific migration situation, so it is a current topic. Human trafficking is widespread throughout the whole of the Czech Republic, and as the victim is prevented from moving freely and is torn from their familiar surroundings, it is important that they have unlimited access to a contact. For that reason, initial contact with victims of human trafficking is often made through telephone crisis intervention, which must be highly professional. The working theory deals with telephone crisis intervention, human trafficking, workers and clients. It explains TCI in the context of clarification of formats and different types of services. Online counselling is described further, help-line working methods are clarified and the basic service principles are outlined. Another area of focus is help-line workers and their training, cooperation and supervision. The next chapter concerns human trafficking and explores legislative problems, the human trafficking mechanism, forms, routes, causes and consequences. The final aspect is clientele, and explains the use of the term trafficked person and victim of human trafficking, and describes the risks to clients who contact help-lines. The aims of this thesis were to clarify the characteristics of telephone crisis intervention for issues of human trafficking; to compare the conditions of a worker dealing with specialised telephone crisis intervention with general telephone crisis intervention for the whole population; to map out the working procedures within telephone crisis intervention; to map out the working procedures within online counselling. The author believes that aims of the thesis were met. Qualitative research was used to achieve the aims of the thesis. Data was obtained through interviews conducted by the author. The data gathering technique used was to conduct a semi-structured interview with open question. The interviews lasted for approximately one hour and were composed of two parts. The research sample included two groups of participants {--} workers providing telephone crisis intervention services. The first group was made up of 10 workers who work on specialised help-lines directed at human trafficking. The second group was comprised of 10 workers providing telephone crisis interventions for the general populace. The author formed three hypotheses based on the results of this qualitative research. There is the same need to complete the basic course of crisis intervention for consultants working on the ordinary help lines as for the consultants working on specialised help lines. Consultant on specialised help lines is more focused on providing a service of legal information than the consultant working on the ordinary help lines. Younger help-line consultants on the help lines for victims of trafficing don't see exactly the specifics of that line. The author believes that the work could be useful for organisations providing specialised help-lines for victims of human trafficking.

Doctorat en sciences psychologiques / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

TITLE: Self- inflicted trauma in young people with in the context of behavioral disturbance AUTHOR: Bc. Katarína Kolaříková DEPARTMENT: Department of special education SUPERVISOR: Doc. PaeDr. Eva Šotolová, Ph.D. ABSTRACT: This thesis solves two serious topics of special pedagogic. Behavioural disorders and self-harming behaviour. Self-harming behaviour is deliberate, conscious and often repetitive violation of physical integrity without intent to die. The work is divided into 11 chapters. The first are focused on behavioural disorders, self-harming behaviours, and crisis intervention. Other chapters deal with the goals, research questions and chosen method of treatment. The aim was to map the occurrence, factors and methods of self-harming and describe alternative techniques of reducing this behaviour. Qualitative research is used in this work - analysing the anamneses of individuals with behavioural disorders and interviews with ethopedic workers. The inquiry of documentation shows that self-harming behaviour is caused by negative effects of family and social environment. The most common methods include self-cutting of girls, fists and head pounding against the wall of boys. For alternative methods of reducing this behaviour, the staff of orphanages with schools agreed that the preferred method is...

The purpose of this study was to examine what, if any, symptoms of a traumatic stress reaction were still being experienced by police officers, as a result of the events of September 11, 2001, who were geographically distant from the events of that day. Participants included 60 police officers at two southern California law enforcement agencies.

The purpose of this project was to explore perceptions of effective components in adolescent suicide prevention programs among San Bernardino school counselors. The stress model and the mental health model are the two models implemented in suicide prevention programs.