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<p>This paper examines selected discourses found in the journals kept by 21 working-class women during a training course for domestic workers in South Africa. The principal aim of the paper is to examine how emotion, voice and agency are expressed through literacy practices such as writing. With critical discourse analysis, the existing literacy levels of these women are revealed as well as the way in which women express identity, agency and emotion through the act of writing and reflecting on their experiences. A secondary aim is to uncover those recurrent discourses and attitudes that either empower or disempower these women. This is done to showcase how women&rsquo / s perception of themselves and their opportunities help them become active or inactive agents in their communities and families. Contributions are made to the study of women&rsquo / s language and literacy practices, with particular investigation of how their identities are shaped and moulded by language use. Critical discourse analysis and narrative analysis are the main analytical tools used in the study, highlighting aspects like agency, voice and ideology. These aspects are examined through the lens of women&rsquo / s experiences.</p>

Denna studie har som syfte till att undersöka två dagstidningars och tre resetidningars framställning av Dark Tourism samt ta reda på vilka skillnader och likheter framställningarna har. Målet är även att finna en djupgående uppfattning av Dark Tourism och de olika perspektiven och gemensamma dragen som finns i artiklarna. Det empiriska materialet består av 25 artiklar varav 15 stycken kommer från dagstidningar och 10 stycken kommer ifrån resetidningar. En kritisk diskursanalys har tillämpats som metod i denna studie och resultaten visar att två olika diskurser, varav den ena är melankolisk och den andra är sangvinisk, präglar tidningsgenrerna. Det framgår även att diskurserna som råder i tidningarna kan ha en stor påverkan på människors uppfattning av fenomenet Dark Tourism. / This study aims to examine two daily newspapers and three travel magazines’ production of Dark Tourism, and find out what differences and similarities the petitions have. The aim is also to find an in-depth understanding of Dark Tourism and the different perspectives and common features found in the articles. The empirical material consists of 25 articles, of which 15 were from daily newspapers and 10 come from travel magazines. A critical discourse analysis has been applied as a method in this study and the results show that two different discourses, one of which is melancholic and the other is sanguine, characterizes these journal genres. It is also clear that the discourses that prevail in the newspapers can have a big impact on people's perception of the phenomenon of Dark Tourism.   Keywords: Dark Tourism, Discourse, Newspaper Articles, Critical Discourse Analysis, Media

Syftet med denna uppsats är att ta reda på hur gymnasieskolors webbtexter kan förstås i förhållande till diskurs. För att undersöka detta utgår jag från Norman Faircloughs kritiska diskursanalys och den systemisk-funktionella grammatiken (SFG). Jag undersöker fyra webbtexter som beskriver fyra olika gymnasieskolor – två privata och två kommunala skolor. Uppsatsens ansats är språkvetenskaplig. Stor vikt läggs därför vid den systemisk-funktionella grammatiken. Jag utgår från den interpersonella analysens språkhandlingar, modusmetaforer och modalitet. Texternas första- och andradeltagare analyseras även separat liksom texternas tilltal. Analysresultaten visar att alla fyra texter bär drag av marknadsföringsdiskurs. Detta realiseras bland annat av direkt du-tilltal och en rad erbjudanden till läsaren. Vissa erbjudanden uttrycks explicit i form av varor. Andra erbjudanden, som kunskap och utveckling, är mer abstrakta. Analysen visar också att texterna bär spår av bland annat elitistisk diskurs. Detta realiseras bland annat genom modalitetsmarkörer, modusmetaforer och placeringen av förstadeltagaren i olika satskomplex. Genom att använda diskurser utanför den traditionella utbildningsdiskursen visar skolornas webbtexter en förändring i samhället. Marknaden har flyttat in verksamheter som tidigare tillhört den offentliga sektorn. Detta skapar en ny relation mellan skolan och eleverna. Genom att element från marknadsföringsdiskursen har lånats in i skolans värld konstrueras eleven till en konsument av utbildning.

This thesis examines attempts to transform access to land and housing in First Nations (‘Indian Reservations’) in Canada through the mechanism of market development. This initiative, proposed by the Government of Canada to First Nations, is a deliberate shift away from socially funded housing to owner occupied housing as a way to increase wealth and address social conditions. The thesis begins with a brief statement of how recent policy shifts in First Nation housing have been justified by neoliberalism, and outlines policy and planning interventions consistent with neoliberalism to develop First Nation homeownership programs. Next, the thesis examines market development in Indigenous lands internationally and draws on lessons learned that may take shape in First Nations. Finally, the thesis examines how interventions in First Nations have been discussed in recent policy documents leading up to the Kelowna Accord signed in 2005, and reports on critical discourse analysis of the documents that were authored by the signatories to support negotiations on the Accord. The purpose is not so much to evaluate the interventionist policies as it to highlight what they attempt to achieve, and to identify some of the challenges they present to planners. Specifically, the thesis addresses the question: what underlying meanings have been embedded in the documentation supporting negotiations on the land questions between Ottawa and Aboriginal organisations? To this end, it extends the analysis by Skelton and Ribeiro (2006), which raises concerns in relation to social rights, Aboriginal governance and social relations that may accompany the introduction of land markets. Findings show how powerful policy discourses shaped by ideological beliefs privilege particular market forms. However, the emphasis on developing market mechanisms fails to address fundamental issues, such as the underlying cause of poverty and homelessness in First Nations. Such insights challenge current direction in First Nations housing policy and calls for socially responsive and community-based solutions to housing that are relevant to culture, context and place.

The aim of this study was to investigate in what way content marketing can be understood through podcasts as an alternative marketing tool. The material which the study was based on is Ölpodden, a podcast initiated by Carlsberg Sweden. The study intended to shed light on the interdiscursivity that emerges when brands are communicated through podcasts. Another aim was to understand how relationships and identities are constructed through the podcast by examining its intended audience. In order to achieve this a critical discourse analysis was used as both underlining theory and comprehensive method. The critical discourse analysis was also supplemented with two theorists witch highlights the audience’s construction of identity. The consumer's thoughts on Ölpodden was of importance to illustrate the convergence culture and the consumption of the podcast. Qualitative interviews were therefore used as a supplement to the critical discourse analysis. The purpose for the study was to contribute to an increased understanding of content marketing and a deeper knowledge of the communicative strategies it is based on. This purpose led to two main research questions containing two subquestions each. The first main question and subqueries were to answer on: How the discourse in Ölpodden could be understood and problematized in relation to convergence, commercialization and consumption culture, which the intended audience are and how groups and identities are created through the discourse. The other main question and subqueries were to answer on: How the discourse could be understood and problematized from a user perspective, in what way the discourse has impact on the listeners subjectivity and objectivity and how the recipients statements answers to a convergence culture. The result of the study indicates that the interdiscursivity in Ölpodden contains an entertainment discourse, a information discourse and a promotional discourse. Through these discourses the podcast aims to give beer a higher status in society. The podcast also creates an identity which the listener is expected to want to fit into. In the quest to fit into this identity individual's consumption patterns can change. Which ultimately would lead to increased gain for large concerns such as Carlsberg.

This thesis is the product of a discourse analytic investigation of the first decade of the British lesbian magazine, DIVA, which launched in 1994. Work on mainstream women's and men's magazines has established them as sites at which (largely heterosexual) femininities and masculinities are constructed and construed, but relatively little scholarship has addressed lesbian magazines in this fashion. DIVA is Britain's only nationally sold, mainstream lesbian magazine; with this in mind, the thesis provides an analytic account of the magazine's launch, production and brand, and considers the discursive construction of lesbian community and the boundary work that that entails. The initial analytic chapters detail editorial philosophies, routines, and financial circumstances; design, front covers, and editorial content. Though the magazine has only limited resources available, those restrictions are simultaneously liberating, allowing DIVA's editors to pursue their political commitments at the same time as operating in the commercial marketplace. In considering the discursive construction of 'us', the thesis highlights a focus on community, support, and heritage. It further considers the discursive management of the boundaries of that imagined community, focusing on the 'threat' posed by bisexual women and the arguments this causes among readers. Finally, DIVA's handling of (heterosexual) others is considered, concluding that they are constructed as irrational, yet powerful, aggressors. Overall, DIVA's was a brand invested in the notion of community and in its role not only in imagining that community but also bringing members together. Though readers were at times divided over who belonged, or should belong, they were united in their belief that there was something to belong to. In the face of a hostile greater 'other', which was constructed as a constant source of threat, this belonging was incredibly important.

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The purpose of this paper is to explore how masculinity and femininity are constructed in the magazine Veckorevyn, through a critical discourse analysis of 18 articles from six issues in 2011. This is done by using a variety of theories and previous research results, which is gender theory, the theory of late-modern society and media theory. The analysis shows that Veckorevyn depicts virility and feminine differently. Furthermore, pointing the results from the analysis that a change of manhood and womanhood takes place in the social practice. The selection of articles from the magazine also shows that Veckorevyn seems to promote gender equality.

The Swedish health care system does not offer care on equal terms for all its end-users. Discrimination toward patients can take the form substandard communication toward women or foreign born patients. Discrimination is also embedded in the organizational context. Health care is under pressure to increase efficiency and quality of care at the same time. There is a risk that demands for equality will be pushed aside. This thesis aims to contribute to our understanding of how discrimination is expressed in interpersonal- and organizational communication within health care, and highlight educational implications for health care practices. This thesis is comprised of three empirical studies and one conceptual study. In the first study, critical discourse analysis (CDA) is used to categorize gender patterns in communication between health care workers and patients, and finds that both patients and health care workers reproduced the gender order. Open questions created a setting less prone to be limited by gender stereotypes. In the second study, CDA is used and complemented with Linell’s dialogic perspective in order to explore whether patients who were native speakers of Swedish were constructed differently than those who were not, in patient-physician consultations. Findings indicated that the non-native speakers actually were model, participative patients according to patient-centered care. Notwithstanding this they were met by argumentation, whereas the more amenable native patients were met by accommodating responses. In the third study, qualitative content analysis is used to analyze how health care workers talked about patients in their absence. The results revealed that communication about patients who were perceived as not acting according to socially accepted gender norms contained negative and disparaging statements. The final study focused on Clinical Microsystems, a New Public Management-based model for multi-professional collaboration and improvement of health care delivery. Drawing on theories of New Public Management, gender, and organizational control, this study argues that the construction of innovative and flexible health care workers risks reproducing the gender order. The thesis concludes that gender and ethnic stereotypes are reproduced in health care communication, and that an efficiency-inspired organizational and institutional discourse may be an impediment to equal care. This calls for focus on learning about communication for prospective and existing health care workers in a multicultural health care context.