Organisms are constantly challenged by the surrounding environment and alter their physiology accordingly. Some environment-induced changes in one generation are inherited in the offspring, and this long-lasting memory of parental experience has gained a lot of attention recently due to its implications in the organism's development and health. One example is transmission of RNAi-induced silencing from parents to progeny in C. elegans. Although this phenomenon has been known for more than a decade, the parental contribution to RNAi inheritance is still unclear. Here, we show that the nuclear hormone receptor DAF-12 mediates a cross-generational signaling that regulates RNAi in zygotes. Pol II ChIP-qPCR revealed that normally, DAF-12 enhances transcriptional repression induced by RNAi. Mutant analysis demonstrated that the role of DAF-12 in RNAi is distinct from its function in developmental timing or heterochronic pathways. Surprisingly, DAF-12 acts in mothers to alter the RNAi efficiency in zygotes, indicating the presence of mother-to-offspring, DAF-12-dependent signals that enhance RNAi in zygotes. Considering the previous studies showing that the function of DAF-12 is determined by environmental cues, we tested and found that the role of DAF-12 in RNAi enhancement in zygotes depends on the environmental cues presented to mothers during their development. These results demonstrate a novel role of DAF-12 as a modulator of RNAi and its contribution to cross-generational signaling. Moreover, the findings imply a potential interaction between environmental conditions and small RNA pathways.

This study was an investigation of the relationship between 146 mothers' and daughters' (sixth and seventh grade) eating and dieting behaviors. Subjects completed the Bulimia Test-Revised (BUILT-R), Revised Dietary Scales (Restraint Scale), and Food Avoidance Conflict Inventory. The inventories completed by the daughters were slightly modified for better comprehension. The present researcher created an additional subscale (Critical Binge subscale) from the BUILT-R as a means of assessing actual bingeing behavior. A significant correlation was found between mothers' and daughters' scores on the BUILT-R, including the Total and Binge Control subscale. There failed to be a significant relationship between mothers' and daughters' scores on the Critical Binge subscale, Restrain Scale, or Food Avoidance Conflict Inventory. Ind addition, scores on the Restrain Scale and the Food Avoidance Conflict Inventory failed to be significantly correlated. Three daughters met cut-off criteria for possible bulimia. None of the three acknowledged self-induced vomiting or laxative abuse. All three daughters reported intense displeasure with their weight, body shape, and eating behavior to the point that they felt that together food controls their thoughts and behaviors. Eighteen daughters met cut-off scores for the High Restrain (DHR). As a group, these daughters had mothers with substantially higher mean scores on the Binge control (BUILT-R), Critical Binge (BUILT-R), and Total BUILT-R than Low Restrain Daughters (DLR). The DHR group also had markedly higher mean scores on the total BUILT-R, Binge Control, Critical Binge, and Radical Weight Loss subscales of the BUILT-R than the DLR group.

The aim of this paper is to study generational differences in social conservatism. The research centered around three questions. Firstly, have levels of political social conservatism increased in the youngest generation as compared to previous. Secondly, does the presidential era a person was brought up in, explain differing levels of social conservatism. And lastly, does the results in the previous questions change when you look within the sub-group of subjects who self-identify as being conservative. To answer these questions, this study will analyse responses to question meant to operationalize social conservatism found in the General Societal Survey(GSS). And compare responses between generational birth-cohorts socialised under different presidents. Generally the results showed a decline in levels of social conservatism between generations and the youngest generation was no exception. The role of a presidential era in determining levels of social conservatism was practically non-existent. The results from questions one and two did not seem to change when looking within the subgroup of self-identifying conservatives.

Topic of this diploma thesis is organizational behavior of various generations with focus on the youngest generation which is present in the workplace. This generation is called Generation Y. The goal is to prove or overcome presumption that Generation Y is very different from previous generations, has different values, working and life style and that organizations will have to put a lot of effort to be able to manage this generation effectively. Thesis include description of graduate strategy which is implemented at Hewlett-Packard. In the end is overall recommendation for companies how effectively lead Generation Y and specific recommendation for Hewlett-Packard, related to current company strategy.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-24T04:23:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Texto parcial Viviane Ferro - 2009.pdf: 448887 bytes, checksum: 52acdebcbbc4628906b1f9dc463bd9de (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-08-27 / The aim of this study is to understand the romantic relationship choice of couples consisting of male adolescents who have committed criminal offenses and their female partners, as well as the continuation of the relationship after the determination of socio-educational measures of deprivation of freedom, through the identification of the relationship patterns found in the families of each of the members of the couple. Two couples in a government instituion of Distrito Federal that carries out such measures were studied from a qualitative perspective. Individual interviews were performed with each member of the couple and a genogram was constructed. The results showed that the family plays a fundamental part in the transmission and repetition of male and female roles in the romantic relationship and in the establishment of communication styles and rules. With regard to gender issues, the relationships of the couples are based on a patriarchal model in which the man exercises his power and domination while the woman focuses on affective, care, and obedience relationships, even when the adolescent is institutionalized / Este estudo tem o objetivo de compreender a escolha amorosa de casais constituídos por adolescentes autores de atos infracionais e suas companheiras, bem como a manutenção do relacionamento após a determinação da medida socioeducativa de privação de liberdade, a partir da identificação dos padrões relacionais presentes na família de cada um dos membros do casal. Numa perspectiva qualitativa, foram estudados dois casais em uma unidade governamental do Distrito Federal que executa a medida acima citada. Foram realizadas entrevistas individuais com cada participante da dupla amorosa e, ainda, a elaboração do genograma. Os resultados mostram que a família tem um papel fundamental na transmissão e repetição dos papéis de homem e de mulher desempenhados na relação amorosa e do estabelecimento de regras e estilos de comunicação. No que diz respeito às questões de gênero, nota-se que o relacionamento dos casais está ancorado no modelo patriarcal em que o homem exerce seu poder e seu domínio e a mulher prioriza as relações de afeto, cuidado e obediência, mesmo quando o adolescente está institucionalizado

One of my concerns has been how children behave in a crowded classroom with few available opportunities to interact and rehearse the lesson with their peers and teacher. This research paper allows me to explore how teacher`s directives/ manners  (verbal & non-verbal communication) during the English lesson,  impact and fix children`s behaviours temporarily.  I have conducted this emprirical case study in a religious catholic, monolingual, Spanish school conformed only by girls aged 7-9, who are in the third level of its primary level.  As my interest was to analyze the talk of my purpose sampling (teacher-student) and the interactive behaviour in the natural occurring situation in this social setting, the method I chose was the analysis of social interaction, on Conversation Analysis. This allows me to unfold the talk-in-interaction and concentrate on micro-analytic situations using the standard convention to transcribe my selected analysis. Therefore, the contribution of this paper is to explore and demonstrate how disciplinary acts were deilvered by the teacher affecting the child`s subjectivity and performance in a crowded classroom.

This study examines the experiences of young adult women raised in non-resident father households in Tlokwe Local Municipality, North West. Focus groups and face- to-face interviews were conducted with 34 young women between the ages 18-25. Five important, nuanced themes emerged, these are: a) fathers who are physically present but emotionally absent, b) fathers who are physically present but uninvolved, c) fathers who are physically absent but involved, d) fathers who are physically present and involved and e) fathers who are absent and uninvolved. Non-resident fatherhood remains a challenge in the Tlokwe Municipality, most of the participants had never met their biological fathers. The study revealed the frustration young women feel towards their mothers and maternal grandparents for caring more about maintenance than they do about a healthy father-daughter relationship. The study further revealed a deep- seated need for close proximity and an involved type of fathering among the young women. / Sociology / M.A.(Sociology)

Millennials, who by 2024 will make up approximately 34% of the U.S. workforce, will play a critical role in organizational strategies and productivity, as will the supervisors who manage them. The purpose of this multiple case study was to explore the intergenerational communication strategies that Generation X supervisors used to motivate and engage high performing millennials in the workplace. The framework for this study was Mannheim's generation theory and the 2-factor theory of motivation by Herzberg, Mausner, and Snyderman. Data were collected from parks and recreation employees in the southeastern region of the United States, including 4 Generation X supervisors who completed semistructured interviews and 2 millennial cohort focus groups. Data were transcribed, coded, and validated through member checking and methodological triangulation. The 4 themes identified were culture and socialization, relationship building and intergenerational connectedness, employee growth and development, and rewards and recognition. The findings of this research may benefit millennials, frontline supervisors, parks and recreation agencies, and leaders in other organizations by providing an understanding of generational needs. The data presented in this study may support positive social change by showing that supervisors and millennial employees can build high quality relationships within their organizations, enabling those organizations to support the communities they serve.

Sociolinguists have documented the substrate influence of various languages on the formation of dialects in numerous ethnic-regional setting throughout the United States. This literature shows that while phonological and grammatical influences from other languages may be instantiated as durable dialect features, lexical phenomena often fade over time as ethnolinguistic communities assimilate with contiguous dialect groups. In preliminary investigations of emerging Miami Latino English, we have observed that lexical forms based on Spanish lexical forms are not only ubiquitous among the speech of the first generation Cuban Americans but also of the second. Examples, observed in field work, casual observation, and studied formally in an experimental context include the following: “get down from the car,” which derives from the Spanish equivalent, bajar del carro instead of “get out of the car”. The translation task administered to thirty-one participants showed a variety lexical phenomena are still maintained at equal or higher frequencies.

This study examines the experiences of young adult women raised in non-resident father households in Tlokwe Local Municipality, North West. Focus groups and face-to-face interviews were conducted with 34 young women between the ages 18-25. Five important, nuanced themes emerged, these are: a) fathers who are physically present but emotionally absent, b) fathers who are physically present but uninvolved, c) fathers who are physically absent but involved, d) fathers who are physically present and involved and e) fathers who are absent and uninvolved. Non-resident fatherhood remains a challenge in the Tlokwe Municipality, most of the participants had never met their biological fathers. The study revealed the frustration young women feel towards their mothers and maternal grandparents for caring more about maintenance than they do about a healthy father-daughter relationship. The study further revealed a deep-seated need for close proximity and an involved type of fathering among the young women. / Sociology / M.A. (Sociology)