<p dir="ltr">Alcohol is the most frequently used drug among adolescents and is commonly consumed through binge drinking. This pattern involves repeated rapid and heavy consumption of alcohol followed by abstinence. Continued binge drinking can result in increased susceptibility to drink during adulthood and a higher risk of adverse health issues, including cognitive impairment. The prefrontal cortex (PFC) and hippocampus (HIPP) are two of the main regions affected by binge drinking, which may lead to individuals experiencing impairment in cognitive processes such as sensorimotor gating and object recognition memory. However, the mechanisms underlying these processes can be complex. Extensive research needs to be conducted to examine the effects adolescent alcohol consumption can have on cognitive processing. A critical note is using an appropriate model to effectively study this relationship. The purpose of this work was to investigate the association between adolescent binge-like alcohol consumption, cognition-related behaviors, and neuroinflammatory responses in crossed high alcohol-preferring (cHAP) mice, a unique selectively bred mouse model for binge alcohol drinking and its consequences in humans.</p><p dir="ltr">Results showed alcohol history mice increased alcohol intake from adolescence to early adulthood, with females displaying faster escalation. Sensorimotor gating was impaired in the alcohol history group at the 112dB pulse intensity one week after alcohol consumption. Alcohol history male mice exhibited impairment in object recognition memory while females did not. IL-1β and TNF-α in the PFC and HIPP did not vary based on alcohol history or sex. These data provide information on the validity of cHAPs as a model of adolescent to early adulthood binge drinking. Our findings allow a foundation for future research to delineate the effect adolescent binge drinking has on various cognitive processes that are modulated by overlapping brain regions. This will aid in not only educating the public to facilitate more conscious actions but also provide potential therapeutic targets and interventions for those with alcohol use disorder (AUD).</p>

Title: The Occurrence of Lower Crossed Syndrome in Sprinters and the Possibilities of Influencing it in Physiotherapy Objectives: To determine the prevalence of lower crossed syndrome in specific group of sprinters and compare it with control group. To compare occurrence especially in men and women in sprint. Methods: To obtain informations from the research were used clinical tests- muscle test by Janda for testing muscle strength of m. rectus abdominis (trunk flexion test), m. gluteus maximus (test of extension in hip with contemporary flexion in knee), m. gluteus medius et minimus (test of abduction in the hip joint) and examination of frequently shortened muscle groups by Janda for examination shortening of the hip flexor muscles (m. iliopsoas, m. rectus femoris and m. tensor fascia latae) m. quadratus lumborum- lateral variant and paravertebral back muscles. To select probands into research and control groups was created nonstandard questionnaire with open and closed questions. In the research there were 40 probands. Results: The results show that the lower crossed syndrome by Janda is more common in sports recreationally individuals than sprinters. Furthermore the lower crossed syndrome by Janda is more common in sprinters- men than in sprinters- women, but here the results are not so clear....

Les calculs théoriques prévoient que la dynamique d’excitation rotationnelle desmolécules CO et O2, induite par collision avec H2, est dominée par des résonancesquantiques aux très basses énergies. Leur mise en évidence expérimentale estrendue difficile par la nécessité d’obtenir des énergies de collision très faibles et unegrande résolution en énergie. Les expériences menées grâce à un montage defaisceaux moléculaires croisés à angle d’intersection variable, nous permettent ainsid’observer le seuil des transitions j = 0  1 de CO à 3,85 cm-1 et Nj = 10  11 de O2à 3,96 cm-1. Ces énergies correspondent à l’énergie cinétique moyenne d’un gaz àune température inférieure à 4 K. Les pics dans le tracé des sections efficacesintégrales en fonction de l’énergie de collision, constituent la première observationexpérimentale de résonances pour des processus inélastiques. Le bon accord avecles calculs théoriques permet de valider les potentiels d’interaction et ainsi dedéduire les constantes de vitesse pour la modélisation du milieu interstellaire. Nosrésultats expérimentaux mettent en relief la nature quantique des interactionsmoléculaires aux très basses énergies. / Theoretical calculations predict that the dynamics of rotational excitation of CO or O2molecules, induced by collisions with H2, are dominated by quantum scatteringresonances at very low energies. However, experimental observation of these effectsis challenging: very low collision energies and high energy resolution are bothrequired. Experiments performed with a crossed molecular beam apparatus withvariable intersection angle allow us to observe the thresholds of the CO (j = 0  1)transition at 3.85 cm-1 and the O2 (Nj = 10  11) transition at 3.96 cm-1, whichcorrespond to the average kinetic energy of a gas below 4 K. The peaks in theintegral cross section’s collision energy dependence constitute the first experimentalobservation of resonances in an inelastic process. The good agreement betweentheory and experiment reinforces the confidence in the interaction potentials used todeduce rate coefficients for modeling the interstellar medium in the 1-20 K range. Ourexperimental results highlight the quantum nature of molecular interactions at verylow energies.

Darbo objektas: Smilkininio apatinio žandikaulio sąnario funkcijos sutrikimai ir jų ryšys su viršutiniu kryžminiu sindromu. Darbo tikslas: Nustatyti ar moterų smilkininio apatinio žandikaulio sąnario funkcijos sutrikimai susiję su viršutiniu kryžminiu sindromu. Darbo uždaviniai: 1. Nustatyti tiriamųjų smilkininio apatinio žandikaulio sąnario judesio amplitudę, traškesį, skausmą ir apatinio žandikaulio nukrypimą esant viršutiniam kryžminiam sindromui. 2. Nustatyti tiriamųjų pečių lanko ir kaklo raumenų skausmą, ilgį, jėgą, ištvermę bei galvos padėtį esant viršutiniam kryžminiam sindromui. 3. Nustatyti smilkininio apatinio žandikaulio sąnario funkcijos sutrikimų ir viršutinio kryžminio sindromo ryšį. Hipotezė: smilkininio apatinio žandikaulio sąnario funkcijos sutrikimai susiję su viršutiniu kryžminiu sindromu. Rezultatai: 1 grupės moterys turi skaudamus pečių lanko ir kaklo raumenis, o 2 grupės – neturi. Grupės gautais tyrimo rezultatais statistiškai panašios (p>0,05), tačiau kaklo skausmo bei galvos sukamųjų raumenų, trapecinio raumens viršutinių dalių, didžiųjų ir mažųjų krūtinės raumenų skausmo įvertinimo rezultatais grupės tarpusavyje yra statistiškai skirtingos (p<0,05). Išvados: 1. Esant viršutiniam kryžminiam sindromui 50 proc. atvejų smilkininio apatinio žandikaulio sąnario judesių amplitudė buvo normali ir tik 20 proc. - žymiai sutrikusi. Esant pečių lanko ir kaklo raumenų skausmingumui dažniau pasireiškia smilkininio apatinio žandikaulio sąnario traškesys, skausmas... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Object: Disorders of temporomandibular joint function and relation with upper crossed syndrome. Aim: Assess women disorders of temporomandibular joint function relation to upper crossed syndrome. Tasks: 1. Set the test of temporomandibular joint range of motion, clicking, pain, mandibular deviation in the upper crossed syndrome. 2. Set the test of shoulder girdle and neck muscles pain, length, strength, endurance of the deep neck flexors and the position of the head in the upper crossed syndrome. 3. Set of relation between the temporomandibular joint dysfunctions and upper crossed syndrome. Hypothesis: disorders of temporomandibular joint function are related to upper crossed syndrome. Results: Women in the first group have trigger points in neck and shoulder girdle muscles, women in the second group haven’t muscle pain. Groups are statistically similar (p>0,05), except the results of neck pain, pain in sternomastoid, upper trapecius, major pectoralis, minor pectoralis muscles between the groups, showed that 1 and 2 groups are statistically different (p<0,05). Conclusion: 1. In the upper crossed syndrome are 50% cases of normal temporomandibular joint range of motion and only 20% - significantly impaired. Women with shoulder girdle and neck muscles pain had more often signs of clicking, pain in temporomandibular joint, bruxism and mandibular deviation during the movement. 2. In the upper crossed syndrome women felt muscle pain more often, have shortened m. pectoralis major, m... [to full text]

As part of this project and in preparation for future experimental studies of gas-phase ion-molecule reactions, extensive modification and characterization of the crossed molecular beam machine in the Department of Chemistry, University of Canterbury has been carried out. This instrument has been configured and some preliminary testing completed to enable the future study of gas-phase ion-molecule collisions of H⁺₃ and Y⁻ (Y = F, Cl, Br) with dipole-oriented CZ₃X (Z = H, F and X = F, Cl, Br). Theoretical calculations (ab initio and density functional theory) are reported on previously experimentally characterized Na + CH₃NO₂, Na + CH₃NC, and K + CH₃NC systems, and several other systems of relevance. All gas-phase experimental and theoretical studies have the common theme of studying collision orientation dependence of reaction under singlecollision conditions. Experimental measurements, theoretical simulations and calculations are also reported on some selected ferrous (Fe²⁺) high-spin (S=2) crystals, in an attempt to resolve microscopic contributions of two fundamental macroscopic tensor properties: the electric-field gradient (efg); and the mean square displacement (msd) in the case when more than one symmetry related site of low local point-group symmetry contributes to the same quadrupole doublet. These determinations have been made using the nuclear spectroscopic technique of Mössbauer spectroscopy, and complemented with X-ray crystallographic measurements.

viii, 113 p. A print copy of this thesis is available through the UO Libraries. Search the library catalog for the location and call number. / This dissertation consists of four principal parts. In the first, we introduce the tracial quasi-Rokhlin property for an automorphism α of a C *-algebra A (which is not assumed to be simple or to contain any projections). We then prove that under suitable assumptions on the algebra A , the associated crossed product C *-algebra C *([Special characters omitted.] , A , α) is simple, and the restriction map between the tracial states of C *([Special characters omitted.] , A , α) and the α-invariant tracial states on A is bijective. In the second part, we introduce a comparison property for minimal dynamical systems (the dynamic comparison property) and demonstrate sufficient conditions on the dynamical system which ensure that it holds. The third part ties these concepts together by demonstrating that given a minimal dynamical system ( X, h ) and a suitable simple C *-algebra A , a large class of automorphisms β of the algebra C ( X, A ) have the tracial quasi-Rokhlin property, with the dynamic comparison property playing a key role. Finally, we study the structure of the crossed product C *-algebra B = C *([Special characters omitted.] , C ( X , A ), β) by introducing a subalgebra B { y } of B , which is shown to be large in a sense that allows properties B { y } of to pass to B . Several conjectures about the deeper structural properties of B { y } and B are stated and discussed. / Committee in charge: Christopher Phillips, Chairperson, Mathematics; Daniel Dugger, Member, Mathematics; Huaxin Lin, Member, Mathematics; Marcin Bownik, Member, Mathematics; Van Kolpin, Outside Member, Economics

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:03:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ThiagoBG_DISSERT.pdf: 3417310 bytes, checksum: 231528fc9635d19058afc690137548e0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-10-17 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / The mobilization of food reserves in storage tissues and allocation of their hydrolysis products in the growing axis are critical processes for the establishment of seedlings after germination. Therefore, it is crucial for mobilization of reserves to be synchronized with the growing axis, so that photosynthetic activity can be started before depletion of reserves. For this, integrative approaches involving different reserves, different hydrolysis products and interaction between storage and growing axis tissues, either through hormones or metabolites with signaling role, can contribute greatly to the elucidation of the regulation mechanisms for reserve mobilization. In this study, was hypothesized that hormones and metabolites have different actions on reserve mobilization, and there must be a crossed effect of sugars on the mobilization of proteins and amino acids on lipids and starch mobilization in sunflower seedlings. This study was conducted with seeds of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) hybrid Helio 253 using in vitro culture system. Seeds were germinated on Germitest? paper and grown on agar-water 4 g/L without addition of nutrients during 9 days after imbibition (DAI) for growth curve. To verify the effect of metabolites and hormones, seedlings were transferred in the 2nd DAI to agar-water 4 g/L supplemented with increasing concentrations of sucrose or L-glutamine, abscisic acid, gibberellic acid or indolebutyric acid. The results of this study confirm that the mobilization of lipids and storage proteins occurs in a coordinated manner during post-germination growth in sunflower, corroborating the hypothesis that the application of external carbon (sucrose) and nitrogen (L-glutamine) sources can delay the mobilization of these reserves in a crossed way. Moreover, considering the changes in the patterns of reserve mobilization and partition of their products in seedlings treated with different growth regulators, it is evident that the effects of metabolites and hormones must involve, at least in part, distinct mechanisms of action / A mobiliza??o das reservas nutritivas nos tecidos de armazenamento e a aloca??o de seus produtos de hidr?lise no eixo em crescimento s?o processos cr?ticos para o estabelecimento das pl?ntulas ap?s a germina??o das sementes. Assim sendo, ? necess?rio que a mobiliza??o das reservas seja sincronizada com o crescimento do eixo de forma que a atividade fotossint?tica tenha iniciado antes que as reservas sejam exauridas. Para isso, abordagens integrativas envolvendo as diferentes reservas, os diferentes produtos e o interc?mbio entre os tecidos de armazenamento e o eixo em crescimento, seja por interm?dio de horm?nios ou metab?litos com papel de sinaliza??o, podem contribuir sobremaneira para o esclarecimento dos mecanismos que regulam a mobiliza??o de reservas. Neste trabalho, foram levantadas as hip?teses de que o efeito de horm?nios e de metab?litos sobre a mobiliza??o das reservas ? diferente e de que deve existir um efeito cruzado de a??cares sobre a mobiliza??o de prote?nas e de amino?cidos sobre a mobiliza??o de lip?dios e amido em pl?ntulas de girassol. O presente trabalho foi desenvolvido com sementes de girassol (Helianthus annuus L.) h?brido Helio 253, utilizando sistema in vitro de cultura. As sementes foram germinadas em papel Germitest? e crescidas em meio ?gar-?gua 4g/L sem adi??o de nutrientes durante 9 dias ap?s a embebi??o (DAE) para a curva de crescimento. Para verificar o efeito de metab?litos e horm?nios, as pl?ntulas foram transferidas ao 2o DAE para meio ?gar-?gua 4 g/L suplementado com concentra??es crescentes de sacarose ou L-glutamina, ?cido absc?sico, ?cido giber?lico ou ?cido indolbut?rico. Os resultados deste trabalho confirmam que a mobiliza??o dos lip?dios e das prote?nas de reserva ocorre de forma coordenada durante o crescimento p?s-germinativo inicial em girassol, corroborando a hip?tese de que a aplica??o externa de fontes de carbono (sacarose) e nitrog?nio (L-glutamina) ? capaz de atrasar a mobiliza??o dessas reservas nutritivas de forma cruzada. Al?m disso, considerando as mudan?as nos padr?es de mobiliza??o das reservas e a parti??o dos seus produtos, proporcionadas pela aplica??o externa de diferentes reguladores do crescimento, ? evidente que os efeitos dos metab?litos e dos horm?nios devem envolver, pelo menos em parte, mecanismos de a??o distintos

Un référentiel est un document textuel qui cherche à décrire une réalité, souvent complexe, pour qu’elle fasse « référence » et qu’ainsi, elle devienne discutable pour chacun. Il existe des référentiels de diplômes professionnels, des référentiels de compétences utilisés dans l’entreprise, des référentiels d’évaluation, de formation…Cependant, la conception de référentiels pose question sur deux plans : aux problèmes méthodologiques souvent mis en avant, s’ajoutent de vrais enjeux théoriques. La question est de parvenir à saisir, dans un document par nature inerte et généralisant, une activité de travail dynamique et singulière. Cette thèse cherche à montrer, en s’appuyant sur deux interventions avec des masseurs-kinésithérapeutes, conduites avec des méthodologies de clinique de l’activité, comme on peut référentialiser, non les éléments réglés du métier, mais ce qui reste discuté entre professionnels et ainsi obtenir un référentiel qui peut favoriser le développement du métier décrit et seconder les opérateurs dans la reprise en main de leur pouvoir d’agir. / A reference table is a textual document which tries to describe a reality, often complex, so that it made "reference" and so that so, it becomes debatable for each. There are reference tables of vocational degrees, reference tables of skills used in the company, reference tables of evaluation, training …However, the conception of reference tables asks question on two plans: in the often advanced methodological problems, are added real theoretical stakes. The question is to succeed in seizing, in a by nature sluggish and generalizing document, a singular and dynamic working activity.This thesis tries to show, by leaning on two interventions with physiotherapists, led with methodologies of clinic of activity, as we can référentialiser, not elements settled by the job, but what remains controversial between professionals and so to obtain a reference table which can favor the development of the described job.

Hippotherapy belongs to the family of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation methods. It especially benefits the rehabilitation care of complex neurological patients. This paper theoretically examines the methodology of hippotherapy. Further, this paper examines an evaluative survey of 21 subjects after intensive hippotherapy who were initially diagnosed with cerebral palsy. The immediate, short and medium term effect of the therapy was exami-ned. For the evaluation the intercondylic index, Collis symptom and position reaction tests were used. The testing is complemented with a questionnaire filled in by parents with 11 pa-rameters, which included changes in the functions of knowledge and psyche of the child. The results show that there is a statistically significant improvement in all examined parameters after immediate and weekly therapy. Thus this method can be recommended as a possible approach to the therapy of children with cerebral palsy. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)

<p>  </p> <p>Electron emission plays a vital role in many modern technologies, from plasma medicine to heavy ion beams for fusion. An accurate theoretical model based upon the physics involved is critical to efficient operation of devices pushing the boundaries of complexity. The interactions between different electron emission mechanisms can severely alter device performance, especially when operating in extreme conditions. This dissertation studies electron emission from the perspectives of increasing geometric and physical mechanism complexities </p> <p>One half of this dissertation derives new relations for space-charge limited emission (SCLE) in non-planar geometries. SCLE is the maximum stable current that may be produced by electron emission before the electric field of the electrons themselves self-limits further emission. In planar devices, this is modeled by the well-established Child-Langmuir (CL) equation. The Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) equations remain the most commonly accepted theory for SCLE for cylindrical and spherical geometries after nearly a century; however, they suffer from being approximations based on a polynomial series expansion fit to a nonlinear differential equation. I derive exact, fully analytic equations for these geometries by using variational calculus to transform the differential equation into a new form that is fully and exactly solvable. This variational approach may be extended to any geometry and offers a full description of the electric field, velocity, and charge density profiles in the diode. </p> <p>SCLE is also an important mechanism for characterizing the operation of devices with an external magnetic field orthogonal to the electric field. This “crossed-field” problem decreases the limiting current as electrons travel longer, curved paths, effectively storing some charge in the gap (moving parallel to the emitter). At a critical magnetic field called the Hull cutoff, electron paths become so tightly curved that the circuit can no longer be completed, a condition called magnetic insulation. Crossed-field SCLE has been accurately modeled in planar devices by Lau and Christenson. Using the variational approach, I replicate their planar results and extend the calculation to cylindrical geometry, a common choice for magnetron devices. Further, I derive additional equations with simplified assumptions that, for the first time, provide an analytic description of experimental results below the Hull cutoff field. Following this I incorporate a series resistor: device resistance (or impedance) changes non-linearly with current and voltage, so I couple Ohm’s Law (OL) to all the models of crossed-field devices. For devices just below the Hull cutoff, I predict analytically and show in simulation novel bi-modal behavior, oscillating between magnetically insulated and non-insulated modes. With crossed-field device assessment, the variational calculus approach to space-charge may be used for numerous applications, including high power microwave sources, relativistic klystron devices, heavy ion beams, Hall thrusters, and plasma processing. </p> <p>The other half of this dissertation derives analytic theories to solve for emission current with three or more electron emission mechanisms simultaneously. In addition to the CL law, SCLE may also occur in neutral, non-vacuum diodes, modeled by the Mott-Gurney (MG) equation. These are the two limiting mechanisms I study; the other major modality of electron emission is direct electron production, the source of current in the device. Electrons are ejected when impelled by high temperature or electric field at the emission surface. These mechanisms are thermionic (or thermal) emission, modeled by the Richardson-Laue-Dushman (RLD) equation, and field emission, modeled by the Fowler-Nordheim (FN) equation, respectively. Additionally, just as I calculated the impedance of devices operating in a crossed-field configuration, all these models can be similarly coupled to OL. I derive models unifying FN, MG, and CL (with an extension linking OL, mentoring an undergraduate) and RLD, FN, and CL. These models are relevant for modern device design, especially as micro- and nano-scale devices seek to eliminate vacuum requirements and as space and military applications require higher temperature tolerances.</p> <p>While multi-physics models, like the ones described above, are important, the single-physics models (FN, RLD, MG, CL, OL) are still valid (and much easier to use) in their respective asymptotic limits. For example, a circuit behaves purely according to OL for very high resistances, according to MG for very high pressures, and so forth. Importantly, when devices operate in transition regions between these asymptotic limits, <em>none </em>of the asymptotic equations match the predictions of multi-physics models. Yet, intersections between the asymptotic equations are easily found, say for a certain set of voltage, gap distance, and pressure, CL=MG. Since both asymptotic equations give the same prediction, we may conclude that both must be inaccurate for those physical parameters! This gives rise to what I term “nexus theory:” solving two or more asymptotic equations simultaneously to rapidly and accurately predict sets of physical parameters at which multi-physics models (specifically, the physics leading to the “nexus point” parameters, points or curves at which nexus conditions are satisfied) are required for accurate device predictions. In fact, I show that multi-physics models are necessary within roughly one to two orders of magnitude from a nexus. In effect, nexus theory provides a simple, powerful tool to determine how complex a model is necessary for a particular device. Both nexus theory and multi-physics results in this dissertation have been successfully used to design devices to operate in specific transition regimes and identify the resulting device behavior.  </p>