Στην παρούσα εργασία ασχολούμαστε με ιστοτόπους που βασίζονται σε ψηφιακό πολιτιστικό περιεχόμενο με θέματα πολιτισμού-εκπαίδευσης. Παρουσιάζουμε ενδεικτικά ένα τυχαία επιλεγμένο σύνολο ιστοτόπων πολιτισμού από την Ελλάδα και το εξωτερικό οι οποίοι εχουν τις πιο ενδιαφέρουσες εκπαιδευτικές εφαρμογές. Επίσης, εξειδικεύουμε την αξιολόγηση και στις εκπαιδευτικές εφαρμογές και υπηρεσίες που παρέχουν οι συγκεκριμένοι ιστότοποι στον τελικό χρήστη. Στο τέλος καταλήγουμε στην δική μας πρόταση ιστοτόπου με τα ιδανικά χαρακτηριστικά για τον χρήστη και με τις μέγιστες εκπαιδευτικές δυνατότητες. / In the present work we dealt with internet pages that are based on digital cultural content with subjects of culture-education. We present indicatively an accidentally selected total of these cultural pages from Greece and abroad that have the most interesting educational applications. Also, we particularize the evaluation in the educational applications and services that provide concrete internet pages in the final user too. In the end we lead to our own proposal with the ideal characteristics for the user and with the biggest educational possibilities.

The English language has become an international language and is globally used as a lingua franca. Therefore, there has been a shift in English-language education toward teaching English as an interna-tional language (EIL). Teaching from the EIL paradigm means that English is seen as an international language used in communication by people from different linguistic and cultural backgrounds. As the approach to English-language education changes from the traditional native-speaker, target country context, so does the role of culture within English-language teaching. The aim of this thesis is to in-vestigate and analyse cultural representations in two Swedish EFL textbooks used in upper-secondary school to see how they correspond with the EIL paradigm. This is done by focusing on the geograph-ical origin of the cultural content as well as looking at what kinds of culture are represented in the textbooks. A content analysis of the textbooks is conducted, using Kachru’s Concentric Circles of English as the model for the analysis of the geographical origin. Horibe’s model of the three different kinds of culture in EIL is the model used for coding the second part of the analysis. The results of the analysis show that culture of target countries and "Culture as social custom" dominate the cultural content of the textbook. Thus, although there are some indications that the EIL paradigm has influ-enced the textbooks, the traditional approach to culture in language teaching still prevails in the ana-lysed textbooks. Because of the relatively small sample included in the thesis, further studies need to be conducted in order to make conclusions regarding the Swedish context as a whole.

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Σύμφωνα με τις αρχές του Lund (2001), οι πολιτιστικοί πόροι σε εθνικό και ευρωπαϊκό επίπεδο συνιστούν ένα μοναδικό δημόσιο πλούτο που διαμορφώνει τη συλλογική και εξελισσόμενη μνήμη των διαφορετικών κοινωνιών και παρέχει μια στέρεα βάση για την ανάπτυξη των βιομηχανιών πολιτιστικού περιεχομένου σε μια διαρκή κοινωνία της γνώσης. Με βάση τα παραπάνω, καθίσταται σαφές ότι είναι επιτακτική η ανάγκη για τη διάσωση και τη μακροπρόθεσμη διατήρηση της πολιτιστικής κληρονομιάς. Ο καλύτερος τρόπος, για να επιτευχθεί κάτι τέτοιο, είναι μέσα από την εφαρμογή των διαδικασιών ψηφιοποίησης. Παρά το γεγονός ότι η αξία της ψηφιοποίησης προς την κατεύθυνση της διατήρησης και της ανάδειξης πολιτιστικού, επιστημονικού και άλλου είδους περιεχομένου είναι αδιαμφισβήτητη, οι φορείς που εμπλέκονται σε διαδικασίες ψηφιοποίησης αντιμετωπίζουν μια σειρά από ιδιαίτερα σημαντικά προβλήματα. Τα προβλήματα αυτά καταδεικνύουν έντονα την ανάγκη για συντονισμό των διαδικασιών ψηφιοποίησης μέσα από την εφαρμογή καλών πρακτικών οι οποίες θα προκύψουν έπειτα από την αξιοποίηση της διεθνούς εμπειρίας πάνω στο θέμα. Η διπλωματική εργασία αντιμετωπίζει το θέμα των καλών πρακτικών για την ψηφιοποίηση πολιτιστικού περιεχομένου κατά ένα ολοκληρωμένο τρόπο, αξιοποιώντας την αντίστοιχη ευρωπαϊκή εμπειρία. Τα αποτελέσματα της εργασίας συμβάλλουν ουσιαστικά στην καθοδήγηση των πολιτιστικών οργανισμών – φορέων που έχουν αναλάβει ή πρόκειται να εμπλακούν σε διαδικασίες ψηφιοποίησης στην Ελλάδα. Στο πλαίσιο αυτό η παρούσα εργασία περιλαμβάνει τη μελέτη των καλών πρακτικών για την ψηφιοποίηση πολιτιστικού περιεχομένου μέσα από την επιλογή και παρουσίαση των καταλληλότερων οδηγιών για την ψηφιοποίηση πολιτιστικού και επιστημονικού περιεχομένου και την καταγραφή των αντίστοιχων διεθνών προτύπων, τη θεωρητική προσέγγιση του ζητήματος της ανάδειξης καλών πρακτικών και την υλοποίηση ενός συστήματος που έχει ως στόχο την ανάδειξη καλών πρακτικών. / According to the Lund principles (2001) Europe\'s cultural and scientific knowledge resources are a unique public asset forming the collective and evolving memory of our diverse societies and providing a solid basis for the development of our digital content industries in a sustainable knowledge society. It’s obvious that the conservation and long-term preservation of the cultural heritage are absolutely necessary. Digitization is the best way to achieve these goals. In spite of the fact that the preservation and promotion of cultural, scientific and other content is nearly impossible without digitisation, the organizations that undertake relevant projects face a number of quite serious issues. These problems indicate that it is absolutely mandatory to coordinate digitisation activities through the adoption of good practices which have emerged from the numerous digitisation projects carried out so far worldwide. The subject of this master thesis is an integrated approach of the issue of good practices for digitisiting cultural content, by exploiting the relevant European experience. The thesis results contribute to the guidance of cultural organisations that are about to start or are executing digitisation activities in Greece. This thesis comprises of the research on good practices for digitising cultural and scientific content, the selection and presentation of the most important and appropriate ones, the presentation of the relevant international standards, the theoretical basis for promoting good practices and the development of a software system for the promotion of good practices.

This thesis is a two-pronged analysis of the cultural content in two instructional materials series presently meant for use in the English language instruction in Swedish secondary education, and it integrates an examination of surface and deep cultural content with an ideology analysis focused on the representation of nations and the international world. The driving impetus of this thesis is an interest in the representation of culture meeting the students in their instruction. A theoretical framework has been used with perspectives on surface and deep culture, intercultural communicative competence, and theories of nationalism as an ideology. The study shows that the Swedish materials promote the development of communication skills across cultural boundaries to a greater extent than some international research would suggest, but confirms results from other related studies. The majority of the cultural content was found to be surface-level and is best understood as objective or static topics of culture which do little to prepare the readers to be critical, intercultural citizens. The materials were found to be strongly structured around the nation-state, and the argument is made that the materials feature international content with a national-perspective. The materials were also found to reproduce ethno- national sentiment when representing specifically the United States and Britain, where a great deal of the content is focused. This study shows that a combination of these two approaches provides a more complete consideration of the materials and produces important results, not only for the scholarly community, but for teachers and instructional material design.

Submitted by Mariele Seco null (mariele.seco@gmail.com) on 2017-09-24T22:14:55Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação_SECOMariele.pdf: 5743463 bytes, checksum: de561ce070d8e87818e8d3b4f24b1430 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Monique Sasaki (sayumi_sasaki@hotmail.com) on 2017-09-27T19:59:58Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 seco_m_me_sjrp.pdf: 5743463 bytes, checksum: de561ce070d8e87818e8d3b4f24b1430 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-09-27T19:59:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 seco_m_me_sjrp.pdf: 5743463 bytes, checksum: de561ce070d8e87818e8d3b4f24b1430 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-09-04 / Esta pesquisa volta-se ao estudo dos aspectos culturais presentes nas expressões idiomáticas relacionadas a gastronomismos (EIGs) em português do Brasil. Correspondentes idiomáticos em francês da França são sugeridos para essas expressões constituídas por nomes de alimentos, com o fim de evidenciar que, por vezes, as diferentes culturas conferem ao léxico valores particulares a um povo, as chamadas cargas culturais partilhadas (CCPs), conceito criado por Galisson (1988). As expressões idiomáticas (EIs), entendidas como lexias complexas, indecomponíveis, conotativas e cristalizadas em um idioma pela tradição cultural (XATARA, 1998), podem gerar dificuldades na intercompreensão dos estrangeiros que não partilham de uma mesma cultura e, portanto, que não reconhecem suas referências extralinguísticas. Com isso, defende-se a difusão dos aspectos e das cargas culturais que essas expressões encerram em dicionários especiais bilíngues para aprendizes de língua estrangeira, que sejam úteis também para tradutores e demais consulentes. A hipótese delineada é a de que, uma vez que a cultura se revela nessas estruturas, cada povo apresenta um repertório específico de EIs, baseado em suas visões de mundo e, como consequência, as EIs correspondentes em outras línguas apresentariam diferenças substanciais na sua constituição e, por vezes, no uso. Contudo, a análise de um inventário de 111 EIGs em português do Brasil e 100 correspondentes idiomáticos em francês da França, resulta que, ao contrário do que se pensava, muitas EIs correspondentes apresentam semelhanças sintáticas e semânticas, fazendo uso, algumas vezes, dos mesmos referentes, porém, sustenta-se que as diferenças culturais ainda podem ser percebidas. Muitas vezes, ainda que o referente seja o mesmo, a CCP varia de uma língua para outra, podendo gerar incompreensão ou mal-entendidos quanto à significação das EIs. Para realização deste estudo, um banco de dados, o BD-CULTEIG, constituiu-se em uma primeira etapa, a fim de gerar um produto fraseográfico de caráter cultural, centrado nas expressões idiomáticas relacionadas a gastronomismos. A proposta do banco de dados não visa criar tão somente uma ferramenta de tradução, mas uma obra que auxilie na compreensão das EIs, com suporte à compreensão da cultura do outro, possibilitando sanar possíveis dúvidas quanto ao uso adequado dessas estruturas. Nele estão contidas as 111 EIGs do português do Brasil e 100 correspondentes em francês da França, seguidas de EIs sinônimas e variantes nas duas línguas, definição, exemplos-ocorrências coletados na web como corpus (Kilgarriff e Greffenstette, 2003), aspectos culturais e outras observações, que consistem em informações, quando necessárias, acerca do conteúdo semântico e uso dos idiomatismos. / This research is oriented to the study of cultural aspects contained in idioms related to gastronomy (EIGs) in Brazilian Portuguese. Idiomatic correspondences in French of France are suggested for these expressions composed by food names to highlight that, at times, different cultures give the lexicon particular values to a people, the so-called shared cultural content (CCPs), a concept created by Galisson (1988). Idioms (EIs), understood as complex lexias, indecomposable, connotative and crystallized in a language by cultural tradition (XATARA, 1998), can generate difficulty in inter-comprehension among foreigners that don’t share the same culture and therefore don’t recognize their extralinguistic references. Thereby, we defend the dissemination of aspects and cultural heritage that these expressions enclose in special bilingual dictionaries for foreign language learners, that can also be useful for translators and other consultants. The outlined hypothesis is that once the culture reveals itself in these structures, each people presents a specific repertoire of idioms, based on their perception of the world and, as consequence, the correspondent idioms in other languages would present substantial differences in their constitution and, at times, in their usage. However, the analysis of an inventory composed by 111 gastronomy idioms in Brazilian Portuguese and 100 idiomatic correspondences in French of France, contrary to what was thought, results that a lot of idioms present syntactic and semantic similarities, using sometimes the same references, but with cultural differences that can still be noticed. Many times, even if the reference is the same, the shared cultural content varies from a language to another and can result in incomprehension or misunderstandings concerning the meanings of the idioms. To perform this study, a database, the BD-CULTEIG, was constituted in a first phase to generate a phrase product with cultural character, centered in idioms related to gastronomy. The proposal of the database is not only to create a translation tool but a work that helps understanding idioms, with support for comprehension of other cultures, allowing it to answer any doubts related to the appropriate use of these structures. It contains the 111 idioms in Brazilian Portuguese and 100 correspondences in French of France, followed by synonyms and variant idioms in both languages, definition, examples of occurrence collected on the web as corpus (Kilgarriff e Greffenstette, 2003), cultural aspects and other observations consisting of information, when needed, about the semantic content and idioms usage.

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