Revised thesis (doctoral)--University of Oxford, 2004. / Includes bibliographical references (p. [297]-315) and index.

In 1936, André Jolivet (1905-1974), Yves Baudrier (1906-1988), Olivier Messiaen (1908-1992), Jean-Yves Daniel-Lesur (1908-2002), and Pierre Schaeffer (1910-1995) founded the group Jeune France. They initiated this group under the influence of politically nonconformist movements in France which had started in the 1920s. The ideology of Jeune France was to revive in music 'true human qualities', free from 'extreme political domination'. At a time when some composers, associated with a revolutionary Left wing, were exploring avant-garde ideas in music that included atonalism, serialism, and other advanced techniques out of the common practice, other composers fell into a nationalistic Right wing, recalling the French Catholic traditions, and promoting an exclusive and true 'French' music. In contrast to these polarizing trends, Jeune France tried to trace back its art to its origins, and the goal of Jeune France was to re-establish music composition as something less 'abstract' than the Left, and more 'human' than the Right. The most powerful sound that can reflect the tenets of humanism in music is probably the human voice, especially multiple voices in a choral setting. Thus unaccompanied choral works, in particular, came to be a hallmark of many major composers of the 20th Century. The prevailing social and political environment of the pre-World War Two era also played an important role in contributing to the revival of unaccompanied choral music as a major genre. To demonstrate how these general social and political forces operated in the particular in France at this time, I have used Daniel-Lesur's Le Cantique des Cantiques (1952) to show how these affected a composer at this time. The goal of this research has been to look in depth at both Daniel-Lesur and his most famous work, about which little has been written in English; and to add to a growing body of literature which explores the rise of unaccompanied choral compositions as an important genre in the early 20th Century, a shift that is tied to political, cultural, and social conditions as well as musical ones. Taking Le Cantique des Cantiques as a token of a type, I show how this work reflects these issues as well as the aesthetics behind Jeune France. Finally, I have tried to show just how the experience of Jeune France influenced Daniel-Lesur as a composer as it did his more famous contemporary, Messiaen.

Submitted by Maike Costa (maiksebas@gmail.com) on 2016-01-06T14:43:15Z No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 4753923 bytes, checksum: 1192139f80435b94168f048aed0d918a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-01-06T14:43:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 4753923 bytes, checksum: 1192139f80435b94168f048aed0d918a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-08-07 / Metaphors are present in our day to day. They can be found in all aspects of life. In the area of politics, Lakoff (1995; 2002; 2008a), Lakoff and Wehling (2012) and Kovecses (2000) show that our first encounter with the concept of government happens in the family environment. The primary INSTITUTION AS FAMILY metaphor comes from this experience, and promotes the insurgency of the sub-metaphors THE NATION IS A FAMILY, THE PRESIDENT/ GOVERNMENT IS A PARENT, THE CITIZENS/ OTHER MEMBERS OF THE GOVERNEMENT ARE CHILDREN. The NATION AS FAMILY metaphor is associated with the idea of morality. The idea of morality results in different views of Family, and as a result, what the Nation/ government is. This research‘s goal is to analyze if the PRESIDENT AS PARENT metaphor applies in the Brazilian context regarding the president Dilma. We began with the hypotheses that Dilma is seen as a mother figure, therefore, we tried to identify, based on the models proposed by the previously mentioned authors, how the presidente-mom is categorized. The theoretical foundation for this research is the theory of Idealized Cognitive Models (Lakoff, 1987), the Conceptual Metaphor Theory developed by Lakoff (1993; 2008); Reddy (1993), Lakoff and Johnson (1999; 2002 [1980]; 2003), Ortony (1993), Cameron (2003), Sardinha (2007), among other researchers; Kovecses (2000; 2005) and Yu (2008) studies on metaphor and culture and the relation between metaphor and politics, and metaphor and ideology, according to Goatly (2007) and Charteris-Black (2005). The Corpus is made up of political cartoons published from 2010 to 2014. As a result of this regard, the hypotheses that Dilma is seen as a mother figure has been confirmed. We observed in the corpus that she is categorized either as a nurturant mother, the father´s wife, and mainly as the evil stepmother. We also observed that a patriarchalist, sexist and convervatist political-ideological point of view is prevalent in the cartoons. / La métaphore est présente dans notre quotidien et nous la retrouvons dans toutes les sphères de la vie humaine. Dans le champs politique, Lakoff (1995; 2002; 2008a), Lakoff et Wehling (2012) et Kovecses (2000) montrent que nos premières expériences sur l‘idée de gouvernement se produisent au sein de la famille. De ces expériences découle la métaphore primaire INSTITUTION EST FAMILLE qui autorise l‘apparition des sous-métaphores NATION EST FAMILLE, PRÉSIDENT EST PÈRE/MÈRE et CITOYENS/D‘AUTRES MEMBRES DU GOUVERNEMENT SONT ENFANTS/MEMBRES DE LA FAMILLE. La métaphore NATION EST FAMILLE est liée à la conception que nous avons de moralité. Cette conception conduit au surgissement de différentes visions de ce que veut dire famille et, par conséquent, de ce que veut dire Nation/gouvernement. Ce travail a le but d‘analyser si la métaphore PRESIDENT EST PERE/MERE est actualisée dans le contexte brésilien dans les textes se référant à la Présidente Dilma Rousseff. Nous partons de l‘hypothèse que Dilma Rousseff est conceptualisée comme mère et, ainsi, nous cherchons à identifier selon les modèles de famille proposés par les auteurs cités ci-dessus comment la présidente-mère est catégorisée. La base théorique de notre recherche est la Théorie des Modèles Cognitifs Idéalisés(LAKOFF, 1987), la Théorie de la Métaphore Conceptuelle, développée par Lakoff (1993; 2008), Reddy (1993), Lakoff et Johnson, (1999; 2002 [1980]; 2003), Ortony (1993), Cameron (2003), Sardinha (2007), parmi d‘autres; les études sur la métaphore et la culture de Kovecses (2000, 2005) et Yu (2008) et le rapport existant entre métaphore et idéologie, selon Goatly (2007) e Charteris-Black (2005). Notre corpus est composé de dessins de presse publiés entre 2010 et 2014. Dans nos résultats, l‘hypothèse que Dilma est conceptualisée comme mère a été confirmée. Nous proposons que dans le corpus de notre travail la présidente-mère est catégorisée soit comme mère soignante, soit comme la femme du père et surtout, comme belle-mère méchante. Pour conclure, nous constatons que dans les dessins de presse prédomine une vision politico-idéologique à caractère patriarcal, sexiste et conservateur. Mots-clés: Métapho / A metáfora está presente em nosso cotidiano, podendo ser encontrada em todas as esferas da vida humana. No campo da política, Lakoff (1995; 2002; 2008a), Lakoff e Wehling (2012) e Kovecses (2000) nos mostram que as primeiras experiências que temos de governo ocorrem na família. Dessas experiências, decorre a metáfora primária INSTITUIÇÃO É FAMÍLIA, que autoriza o aparecimento das submetáforas NAÇÃO É FAMÍLIA, PRESIDENTE É PAI/MÃE e CIDADÃOS/OUTROS MEMBROS DO GOVERNO SÃO FILHOS/MEMBROS DA FAMÍLIA. A metáfora NAÇÃO É FAMÍLIA está ligada à concepção que temos de moralidade. Essa concepção leva ao surgimento de diferentes visões do que é família e, consequentemente, do que é Nação/governo. Este trabalho tem como objetivo investigar se a metáfora PRESIDENTE É PAI/MÃE é atualizada no contexto brasileiro em textos que se referem à presidente Dilma Rousseff. Partimos da hipótese de que Dilma Rousseff é conceptualizada como mãe e, desse modo, buscamos identificar, de acordo com os modelos de família propostos pelos autores mencionados acima, como a presidente-mãe é categorizada. Tomamos como base teórica para nossa pesquisa a Teoria dos Modelos Cognitivos Idealizados (LAKOFF, 1987), a Teoria da metáfora Conceptual, desenvolvida por Lakoff (1993; 2008), Reddy (1993), Lakoff e Johnson, (1999; 2002 [1980]; 2003), Ortony (1993), Cameron (2003), Sardinha (2007), dentre outros autores; os estudos sobre metáfora e cultura de Kovecses (2000, 2005) e Yu (2008) e a relação existente entre metáfora e política e metáfora e ideologia, conforme Goatly (2007) e Charteris-Black (2005). Nosso corpus é composto de charges publicadas entre os anos de 2010 e 2014. Nos resultados, a hipótese de que Dilma é conceptualizada como mãe foi confirmada. Sugerimos que no corpus do nosso trabalho a presidente-mãe é categorizada tanto como mãe cuidadosa, quanto como mulher do pai e, principalmente, como madrasta má e, por fim, verificamos que, nas charges, prevalece uma visão político-ideológica de cunho patriarcal, sexista e conservador.

Revised Thesis (doctoral)--University of Oxford, 2004. / Foreign cultural models at the English royal court -- International events and musical exchanges -- Building a foreign musical establishment at the early Tudor court -- Anglo-continental relations in music manuscripts -- English music theory and the international traditions. Includes bibliographical references (p. [297]-315) and index.

När symfoniorkestrar lägger program för nästa säsongs konsertserier finns det många saker att tänka på. De konstnärliga ledarna har sina idéer, musikerna har sina idéer, det finns krav från politiken, sponsorer: många saker påverkar hur man bestämmer det som kommer att spelas på konserthuset, och som publiken kommer att höra och se. I den här intervjustudien kommer jag att gå in på vad som ligger bakom två orkestrars konstnärliga ledningars beslut kring konsertprogram. I den här studien har jag använd mig av metoden grundad teori: teorin grundas direkt ur data. Jag kom fram till att orkestrarnas programläggning påverkas av ett samspel av politiska och ekonomiska faktorer, varav den viktigaste är ekonomin. / When the management of a symphony orchestra makes the planning of the coming season, they have plenty of factors to take into consideration. The artistic leaders have certain ideals and ideas, there is the demands from the government and sponsors: there are many factors that influence the decision making, what the audience will hear and see. In this interview study I will investigate the decision making of two orchestras artistic managements: Which are the ideas behind their decisions? The method and theory I used is grounded theory. The planning of the concert season is influenced by a combination of political and economical factors, of which economical factors play a major role.