Med fokus på kunskapsbyggande utanför skoltid etableras en efter-skolan-utbildning med fokus på återbruk och reparation. Genom årskursens projekt växte en bild av att frånvarande av kunskap och fritidsaktivitet bidrar till utanförskap och social segregation som tär på samhällets fogar. Till ungdomar i närheten, främst från Nickstahöjden men också Grönsdal som är socioekonomiskt utsatta anläggs ett “hus för folket” + en återbruksskola för att bidra till att bredda utbudet av utbildningsfaktorer samt stärka faktorn av samhörighet och värdeskapande för deltagarna. Utbildning och kunskaplyft i alla dess former är nyckeln till en bättre morgondag. / With a focus on knowledge building outside of school hours, an after-school education is established with a focus on reuse and repair. Through the year's project, an image grew that the absence of knowledge and leisure activity contributes to exclusion and social segregation, which eats away at the joints of society. For young people in the vicinity, mainly from Nickstahöjden but also Grönsdal who are socio-economically vulnerable, a "house for the people" + a recycling school will be built to help broaden the range of educational factors and strengthen the factor of togetherness and value creation for the participants. Education and knowledge raising in all its forms are the key to a better tomorrow.

Coating onto a moving substrate several films simultaneously on top of each other is a challenging exercise. This is due to the fact, depending on operating conditions (thickness and velocity of individual layers and the physical properties of the coating fluids), flow instabilities may arise at the interfaces between the layers and on the top layer. These instabilities ruin the application of the final multi-layered coating and must be avoided. This research addresses this coating flow situation and seeks to develop guidelines to avoid these instabilities. Following a critical literature survey, this thesis presents a novel experimental method that visualises multi-layered coating flow down an inclined multi-slot die. The visualisation is obtained using a unique configuration including a high-speed camera, telecentric objective lens and illumination. The results show for a single layer, as the die angle and Reynolds number increases, the flow becomes more unstable and for a dual layer flow, as Re increases the peak to peak amplitude and the frequency decreases at the free surface and interface. The latter was unexpected and does not conform with existing literature. The triple layer results show either a monotonically increasing or increasing from first to second layer viscosity stratifications are the most stable flows along with flow heights in the first and second layers of <22% and >18% of the total thickness respectively, which concur with current literature. The visualisation additionally obtained other instabilities including single layer back-wetting and vortices, and multilayer slot invasion with the findings concurring with current literature. / EPRSC/Tata Steel Industrial CASE Studentship; EP/J501840/1

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This degree work in textile design explores how curtains can be designed to become interactive through textile prints and laser cutting. The work places itself within the field of surface pattern design. The aim was to explore interactive textile prints using perspective as a design variable when designing surface patterns for curtains. The aesthetics of traditional Swedish folk art motifs and colour were an inspiration in the design of the prints. The methods used were a combination of textile transfer printing and laser cutting. The result of this project is a collection of three printed textiles that feature laser cutting and etching in different ways. Through human interaction the textiles can be altered in different ways. It is possible to change the textile and adapt it to seasons, trends and personal preferences. The project aims to offer an alternative approach to sustainable textiles by providing people with possibility to change their interor textiles without needing to consume more products.

In all coating applications, a liquid film displaces air in contact with a dry solid substrate. At a low substrate speed a thin uniform wetting line is formed on the substrates surface, but at a high speed the wetting line becomes segmented and unsteady as air becomes entrained between the substrate and the liquid. These air bubbles affect the quality of the coated product and any means to postpone this at higher speeds without changing the specifications of the coating liquid is desirable. This research assesses the validity of a theoretically based concept developed by Blake and Rushack [1] and exploited by Cohu and Benkreira [2] for dip coating. The concept suggests that angling the wetting line by an angle ß would increase the speed at which air is entrained by a factor 1/cos ß. In practice, if achieved this is a significant increase that would result in more economical operation. This concept was tested in a fast coating operation that of curtain coating which is already enhanced by what is known as hydrodynamic assistance [2]. Here we are effectively checking an additional assistance to wetting. The work, performed on a purposed built curtain coater and a rotating die, with a range of fluids showed the concept to hold but provided the data are processed in a way that separate the effect of curtain impingement from the slanting of the wetting line.

The greenhouses play a key role in food sustainable production, the purpose of the greenhouses is to make an artificial suitable environment to grow different kinds of plants. The cost of energy used in the greenhouses to ensure the optimum temperature, humidity, and CO2 concentration, makes up a large part of the final cost of food. Due to global warming, the successive energy crises, and the food crises, the need to make the greenhouses more energy efficient and to utilize renewable energy resources is rapidly increasing. The enclosed water curtain cooling system meets the special requirement of the greenhouse cooling system, and it has potential energy savings when it is integrated with other systems such as heat pumps, underground water sources, and surplus heat energy recovery. This system involves two special nylon foils, and a thin layer of water flows between the two foils, the two foils will be stuck to eachother by the cohesive force of the water-detergent mixture, the detergent was added to decrease the water surface tension and ensure the even distribution of the water-detergent mixture over the nylon foils. In this study, an experimental model of the enclosed water curtain was made and two sets of tests were conducted, the first set was at room temperature around 20°C, and the second test was at room temperature around 25.7 °C with an electrical heater, each set contains three tests to measure the cooling capacity of the curtain, and each test takes 2 minutes, the curtain dimensions were height and width of 1.04 m and 1.20 m respectively. By measuring the difference between the average inlet and outlet temperature of the water-detergent mixture before and after the curtain, and the mixture mass flow rate during the test period, the cooling capacityof the curtain was calculated using the energy balance equation.It was found that the curtain cooling capacity increases with the increase of ambient temperature, The large heat transfer area of the curtain which allows using higher water temperature for cooling, and the useful features of the water membrane like the high absorption of the wavelength of infrared and the high transparency of the wavelength of visible light, make this system meets the special requirements of the greenhouses cooling system. However, to be able to apply this system in real-life, the design of the curtain should be improved, and suitable materials should be chosen to make it more reliable. Also, All tests in this study were conducted in the workshop in the absence of solar radiation, therefore, the actual performance of the curtain needs to be evaluated with the presence of solar radiation, to be able to study the effects of the direct and diffuse solar radiation with various spectrum range.

With the increased push towards performance-based engineering (PBE) design, there is a need to understand and design more resilient building envelopes when subjected to natural hazards. Since architectural glass curtain walls (CW) have become a popular façade type, it is important to understand how these CW systems behave under extreme loading, including the relationship between damage states and loading conditions. This study subjects 3D computational models of glass CW systems to in- and out-of-plane loading simulations, which can represent the effects of earthquake or hurricane events. The analytical results obtained were used to support fragility curve development which could aid in multi-hazard PBE design of CWs. A 3D finite element (FE) model of a single panel CW unit was generated including explicit modeling of the CW components and component interactions such as aluminum-to-rubber constraints, rubber-to-glass and glass-to-frame contact interactions, and semi-rigid transom-mullion connections. In lieu of modeling the screws, an equivalent clamping load was applied with magnitude based on small-scale experimental test results corresponding to the required screw torque. This FE modeling approach was validated against both an in-plane racking displacement test and out-of-plane wind pressure test from the literature to show the model could capture in-plane and out-of-plane behavior effectively. Different configurations of a one story, multi-panel CW model were generated and subjected to in- and out-of-plane simulations to understand CW behavior at a scale that is hard to test experimentally. The structural damage states the FE model could analyze included: 1) initial glass-to-frame contact; 2) glass/frame breach; 3) initial glass cracking; 4) steel anchor yielding; and 5) aluminum mullion yielding. These were linked to other non-structural damage states related to the CW's moisture, air, and thermal performance. Analytical results were converted into demand parameters corresponding to damage states using an established derivation method within the FEMA P-58 seismic fragility guidelines. Fragility curves were then generated and compared to the single panel fragility curves derived experimentally within the FEMA P-58 study. The fragility curves within the seismic guidelines were determined to be more conservative since they are based on single panel CWs. These fragility curves do not consider: the effects of multiple glass panels with varying aspect ratios; the possible component interactions/responses that may affect the extent of damages; and the continuity of the CW framing members across multiple panels. Finally, a fragility dispersion study was completed to observe the effects of implementing the Derivation method or the Actual Demand Data method prescribed by FEMA P-58, which differ on how they account for different levels of uncertainty and dispersion in the fragility curves based on analytical results. It was concluded that an alternative fragility parameter derivation method should be implemented for fragility curves based on analytical models, since this may affect how conservative the analytically based fragility curves become at a certain probability of failure level. / Master of Science / Performance-based engineering (PBE) can allow engineers and building owners to design a building envelope for specific performance objectives and strength/serviceability levels, in addition to the minimum design loads expected. These envelope systems benefit from PBE as it improves their resiliency and performance during natural multi-hazard events (i.e. earthquakes and hurricanes). A useful PBE tool engineers may utilize to estimate the damages an envelope system may sustain during an event is the fragility curve. Fragility curves allow engineers to estimate the probability of reaching a damage state (i.e. glass cracking, or glass fallout) given a specified magnitude of an engineering demand parameter (i.e. an interstory drift ratio during an earthquake). These fragility curves are typically derived from the results of extensive experimental testing of the envelope system. However, computational simulations can also be utilized as they are a viable option in current fragility curve development frameworks. As it’s popularity amongst owners and architects was evident, the architectural glass curtain wall (CW) was the specific building envelope system studied herein. Glass CWs would benefit from implementing PBE as they are very susceptible to damages during earthquakes and hurricanes. Therefore, the goal of this computational research study was to develop fragility curves based on the analytical results obtained from the computational simulation of glass CW systems, which could aid in multi-hazard PBE design of CWs. As v opposed to utilizing limited, small experimental data sets, these simulations can help to improve the accuracy and decrease the uncertainties in the data required for fragility curve development. To complete the numerical simulations, 3D finite element (FE) models of a glass CW system were generated and validated against experimental tests. 11 multi-panel CW system configurations were then modeled to analyze their effect on the glass CW’s performance during in-plane and out-of-plane loading simulations. These parametric configurations included changes to the: equivalent clamping load, glass thickness, and glass-to-frame clearance. Fragility curves were then generated and compared to the single panel CW fragility curves derived experimentally within the FEMA P-58 Seismic Fragility Curve Development study. The fragility curves within FEMA P-58 were determined to be more conservative since they are based on single panel CWs. These fragility curves do not consider: the effects of multiple glass panels with varying aspect ratios; the possible component interactions/responses that may affect the extent of damages; and the continuity of the CW framing members across multiple panels. Finally, a fragility dispersion study was completed to observe the effects of implementing different levels of uncertainty and dispersion in the fragility curves based on analytical results.

The thesis aims to examine how the formation of fa&ccedil / ades, that is, the interface with a dual response both to interior functioning and exterior urban fabric, is separated from the totality of architectural design by new technological developments and design intentions. This aim is accomplished in three sections, respectively: analysis of the fa&ccedil / ade, the properties and formation process in time / examining the fa&ccedil / ade formation of the high-rise office buildings in Levent-Maslak area in respect to the analysis and examining the working principles and marketing attitudes of fa&ccedil / ade manufacturing firms in terms of their role in fa&ccedil / ade formation. The focus is on the description of a fa&ccedil / ade and the process that generated the autonomy in time is examined. In this sense, the thesis analyzes that the &amp / #8216 / free-fa&ccedil / ade&amp / #8217 / application, by which physical autonomy is totally gained, transforms the fa&ccedil / ade to a production element by using the technological developments and specifications of curtain-wall system in the Turkish context, in particular in Levent-Maslak area. Besides the technical availability, the representational qualities of the new materials transform this production based character of the free-fa&ccedil / ade to a more representational character as an object-fa&ccedil / ade. Finally, the study investigates how the technical knowledge inherent in the new fa&ccedil / ade systems gives the authority,in formation process of fa&ccedil / ades, to the manufacturing firms instead of the architect. It is therefore stressed that the changing role of the architect in the formation process of fa&ccedil / ades is often based on the working principles and marketing attitudes of fa&ccedil / ade manufacturing firms at present.

The main objective of this thesis is to review the problems of stone facades according to the performance criteria determined with codes and standards and to propose solutions for proper application. In this process the codes, standards, other documents and the knowledge of the researcher all served to determine the inadequacies present in this field. The thesis also aims at clarifying the terminolgy confusion related to stone cladding and stone curtain wall.

Abstract I want to talk about tactile experiences, words that extend beyond touch. A full-body experience of space that begins with the senses, creating a collective understanding when everything is combined. We step in unbeknownst, activating our senses through the shapes and textures that enthral us. With our eyes, we access the dynamic of the room.  The foundation of my work is texture, so I explore the surface through it and textile is my chosen material because it allows me to do just that. By distorting, adding and pulling apart I can always get a new experience of it. In this project I work with three-dimensional patterns on the surface of the textile, and with subtle changes in volume I try to capture the light that falls on it and emphasis the texture to make the experience of it even richer.