The aim of the project was to design a library with a gallery in the cadastral area of Nový Jičín – Horní předměstí of Bohuslava Martinů street. The main idea was to create a comfortable backdrop for students as well as the possibility of cultural education in the form of various exhibitions. The plan will be implemented according to the investor's requirements and will be in line with the land-use plan. This is a basement new building of the library with 2 above-ground floors. This large new building is in the shape of an irregular U. The building is based on a base plate. A combined wall and column construction system is used. The object is designed with a rasterized front lightweight perimeter casing with a front web-shaped facade

Stigande byggkostnader är idag ett faktum. Materialkostnaderna för ett projekt motsvarar ungefär 45 % av den totala byggkostnaden, vilket innebär att effektivare inköp av material kan leda till stora besparingar. Som ett led i detta har byggföretagen i större utsträckning satsat på att göra internationella inköp av material från utlandet. Detta examensarbete kommer att avgränsa sig mot inköp av glasfasadelement. Skanska Sverige köper idag in glasfasader från olika glasleverantörer i Europa, med detta hoppas man kunna minska sina byggkostnader. Att köpa in material från utlandet kan även föra med sig merkostnader som minskar besparingarna som görs. Syftet med examensarbetet är att lokalisera var dessa merkostnader förekommer och ge förslag på åtgärder hur dessa kan minskas. Studierna baseras på resultatet från två av Skanskas projekt där man i ena projektet använt sig av en svensk glasleverantörer och i det andra ett utländskt. Arbetet med att lokalisera merkostnaderna har utförts genom intervjuer med nyckelpersoner inom företagen som varit delaktiga i projekten. Det som framgick ur intervjuresultaten var främst brister i projektering och montering av glasfasaderna som orsakats av kommunikationsbrist och missförstånd. Slutsatsen är att Skanska skulle möjligtvis kunna använda en enhet av projekt-koordinatorer som är delaktiga i arbetet vid projektering och montering med expertis inom internationella inköp samt utländsk arbetskraft. Detta skulle ge en bättre samordning av arbetet med de internationella inköpen och förhoppningsvis kunna minska merkostnaderna. / Increase in construction costs are now a fact. The material costs for a project is approximately 45% of the total construction cost. A more efficient purchase of materials can lead to big savings. As a part of this, the construction companies are now increasingly investing in international purchases of materials from abroad. This thesis will define itself in the purchases of curtain walls. Skanska Sweden is today purchasing curtain walls from various glass suppliers in Europe with hope to reduce their construction costs. To purchase materials from abroad may also impose additional costs that may reduce the savings. The aim of this thesis is to locate where these additional costs exists and to suggest measures on how these costs can be reduced. The studies will be based on the results from two of Skanska’s projects were one of the projects has a Swedish supplier and the other a foreign supplier of curtain walls. Efforts to locate additional costs have been done through interviews with key individuals within the companies which were involved in the projects. What emerged from the interview results were mainly shortcomings in the design and installation of the curtain walls caused by lack of communication and misunderstandings. The conclusion is that Skanska would possibly be able to use a unit of project coordinators who are involved in the work of design and installation with expertise in international purchases and foreign workers. This would provide a better coordination of the work with international purchases and hopefully be able to reduce the additional costs.

No description available.

An exploration to utilize the notion of a screen in order to orchestrate an urban response, an urban mixed-use building. It is an investigation into the contradictions of materiality and the inherent values of organistic and rigid geometries and formations in terms of architecture and the facade. Two screens make use of pattern, texture, and layering to create a sense of order and chaos within the same instance. This is most noticeable through the introduction of light, natural and artificial. These screens are a reflection of the ripples, webs, and vibrations of all human activity. This is an investigation into repetition and layering, covering and wrapping, and ultimately creating an enjoyable environment to live, work, and play. The program is quite simple. On the ground floor there is a grocery store, shops, and offices. On the upper levels, there are townhomes and apartments, one and two bedroom. / Master of Architecture

This project was performed on assigment of Vattenfall R&D in Älvkarleby. The project was a first step in evaluating whether bubble curtains with vertical tubes could be suitable for diverting fish from hydro power intakes into fish passages. To determine this, prototypes were constructed, where one was tested in still water and one in running water. The tests in still water were carried out in a large cylindrical tank and the tests in running water were carried out in Kungsr¨annan in ¨Alvkarleby. A number of test variables were developed to be able to vary the tests. These test variables were hole size, number of holes, tube center-to-center distance, air flow and water velocity. The tests were carried out without fish, but a number of indicators were developed to be able to compare and evaluate the tests. For the tests in still water, these indicators were the width of the bubble curtain created by a single tube and the horizontal movement of the air bubbles, to determine whether the hydrostatic pressure from the surrounding water had any effect on the appearance of the bubble curtain. For the tests in running water, the indicators were the bubble curtain density, the curvature of the tubes and the movement of the tubes. All experiments were documented using cameras and the results were then obtained through image processing in the software MATLAB. The results showed that the width of the bubble curtain created by a single tube varied between 12 and 34 cm for pressures between 0.5 and 2.0 bar. It was concluded that the hydrostatic pressure was of minimal significance for the appearance of the bubble curtain, at least for depths up to 1.95 m. For the tests in running water, the air flow rate and tube center-to-center distance was of the greatest importance for the bubble curtain density. The curvature of the tubes were most affected by the size of the holes and the movement of the tubes were most affected by the number of holes. / Detta projekt utfördes på uppdrag av Vattenfall R&D i Älvkarleby. Projektet var ett första steg i att utvärdera om bubbelridåer med vertikala slangar skulle kunna lämpa sig för att avleda fisk från vattenkraftverk vidare mot fiskpassager. För att avgöra detta konstruerades prototyper, där en testades i stilla vatten och en i rinnande vatten. Testerna i stilla vatten utfördes i en stor cylindrisk tank och testerna i rinnande vatten utfördes i Kungsrännan i Älvkarleby. Ett antal testvariabler togs fram för att kunna variera testerna. Dessa testvariabler var hålstorlek, antal hål, avstånd mellan slangarnas centrum, luftflöde samt vattenhastighet. Testerna gjordes utan fisk, men ett antal indikatorer togs fram för att kunna jämföra och utvärdera testerna. För testerna i stilla vatten var dessa indikatorer bubbelridåns bredd skapad av en enskild slang samt luftbubblornas horisontella förflyttning, för att avgöra om det hydrostatiska trycket från omgivande vattnet hade någon effekt på bubbelridåns utseende. För testerna i rinnande vatten var indikatorerna bubbelridåns täthet, slangens krökning samt slangens rörelser. Alla experiment dokumenterades med hjälp av kameror och resultaten togs sedan fram genom bildhantering i programvaran MATLAB. Resultaten visade att bubbelridåns bredd skapad av en enskild slang varierade mellan 12 och 34 cm för tryck mellan 0,5 och 2,0 bar. Det bedömdes att det hydrostatiska trycket var av minimal betydelse för bubbelridåns utseende, åtminstone för djup upp till 1,95 m. För testerna i rinnande vatten visade resultaten att luftflödet och avståndet mellan slangarnas centrum var av störst betydelse förr bubbelridåns täthet. Slangens krökning påverkades mest av hålens storlek och slangens rörelser påverkades mest av antalet hål.

A dissertação focaliza as transformações do processo de trabalho da arquitetura, ao longo do século XX, detendo-se na análise da produção de duas obras que constituem referências culturais da cidade de São Paulo, analisadas a partir da maneira pela qual, nelas, o vidro ganhou forma: o Teatro Municipal de São Paulo (1903-1911) e o edifício do Museu de Arte de São Paulo (1957-1968). O Teatro Municipal, construído como teatro de ópera no início do século XX pelo escritório de Ramos de Azevedo, no centro da cidade, possui um conjunto de vitrais no corpo de entrada, parte deles importada da Alemanha, parte fabricada em São Paulo, aplicados em esquadrias fabricadas no Liceu de Artes e Ofícios de São Paulo. O Museu de Arte, MASP, cartão postal da cidade, de autoria da arquiteta Lina Bo Bardi, tem seu bloco principal fechado por grandes placas de vidro de seis metros de altura, as primeiras dessa medida fabricada no país, encaixilhadas em montantes metálicos fabricados também nas oficinas do Liceu de Artes e Ofícios de São Paulo. Através da análise de relatórios de obra, correspondências, fotografias e imprensa, em cada período, a pesquisa articula as transformações da produção da arquitetura e dos agentes envolvidos na concepção e construção do objeto arquitetônico, à luz dos processos de modernização da construção civil e do projeto de arquitetura em São Paulo. / This dissertation focuses on the changes in the labor processes in architecture throughout the twentieth century, circumscribing the analysis to the way glass was shaped on two referential buildings to the cultural history of São Paulo: the Teatro Municipal de São Paulo (1903-1911), and the building of the Museu de Arte de São Paulo (1957-1968). The Teatro Municipal, built downtown as an opera theater in the beginning of the twentieth century by Ramos de Azevedo`s office, assembles VITRAIS on the entrance, built as much in Germany as in São Paulo, applied on frames produced in the Liceu de Artes e Ofícios de São Paulo. The main volume of Museu de Arte, MASP, the city\'s postal card, designed by the architect Lina Bo Bardi, is shut by big glass plates, measuring six meters high, the first of its size manufactured in Brazil, framed in metal structures also produced in the Liceu de Artes e Ofícios de São Paulo. Through the analysis of the construction\'s rep orts, and of mail, photographies and the press, in each period, our research articulates the changes of the architectural production and the agents involved in the conception and production of the architectural object, in light of the processes of modernization in construction and the architectural design in São Paulo.

A subpressão consiste em um dos maiores problemas no que diz respeito à segurança de obras hidráulicas. A execução de vedações com cortinas de injeção de cimento, associadas à drenagem é de suma importância para coibir as ações da água percolada através de suas fundações. Torna-se, portanto, indispensável conhecer elementos para a verificação do bom funcionamento destes sistemas. Grande parte dos critérios de subpressão utilizados hoje no dimensionamento de barragens é baseada em métodos determinísticos e empíricos, com origem em experiência acumulada sob certas condições específicas. Quando tais critérios são utilizados para lugares específicos, com feições geológicas peculiares, podem não refletir os dados utilizados anteriormente. Tanto projetos sem segurança como antieconômicos podem resultar desta prática. Neste trabalho, procura-se avaliar a eficácia dos sistemas de vedação e drenagem de maneira probabilística, utilizando métodos estatísticos e dados obtidos durante a execução de obras já prontas, de modo a considerar a heterogeneidade dos maciços de fundação. A primeira parte da pesquisa consistiu, portanto, na compilação e ajuste de curvas de distribuição estatística aos valores de absorções de água e calda de cimento das barragens da Usina Hidrelétrica de Salto Caxias e da derivação do Rio Jordão. As duas localizam-se no Estado do Paraná e são de propriedade da COPEL - Companhia Paranaense de Energia. Ambas são fundadas em rochas basálticas, mas possuem diferentes características de permeabilidade. A eficácia de uma cortina de injeção pode ser dividida em duas: na dos trabalhos de injeção, com o controle dos valores de calda de cimento absorvida, e na da cortina em si, através da verificação da diminuição das subpressões e das vazões de percolação. Assim, através da análise da tendência das curvas de distribuição encontradas, foi possível comprovar o bom resultado dos trabalhos de injeção realizados nas duas obras. Na segunda parte da pesquisa, é proposta uma metodologia de análise probabilística da eficácia das cortinas de vedação e de drenagem. Esta metodologia baseia-se nos princípios do método de Monte Carlo, gerando-se cenários aleatórios de acordo com as curvas de distribuição estatísticas obtidas da primeira parte do trabalho. Através de simulações numéricas com elementos finitos, com valores de permeabilidades das fundações obedecendo àquelas distribuições estatísticas, foi possível obter uma distribuição estatística das subpressões. Com isso, pode-se proceder a análises de confiabilidade, e probabilidades de falha podem ser obtidas utilizando leituras de instrumentação ou mesmo critérios de subpressão. / One of the biggest problems for hydraulic works safety is the uplift pressure. The execution of grouting, associated with drainage, is very important to control seepage through concrete dam foundations. Therefore, appropriate means to check the efficiency of those systems are essential for dam safety evaluation. Most of the uplift pressure criteria used nowadays for dam design is based on deterministic and empirical methods, originated from accumulated experience under certain specific conditions. When such criteria are used for a specific site, peculiar geological features may not be reflected in the data basis used as previous experience. Either unsafe or uneconomic designs may result from such practice. In this work, grouting and drainage systems effectiveness are evaluated in a probabilistic way, using statistical methods and data obtained during grouting execution, which provide good assessment for foundation properties variability. The first part of the research consisted, therefore, in the compilation and statistical distribution curves adjustment of data from Salto Caxias and Jordão river Hydroelectric Power Plants water pressure tests and grouting takes. The two dams are located in the state of Paraná, Brazil, and are owned by COPEL - Companhia Paranaense de Energia. They are founded on basaltic rocks, but have different permeability characteristics. Grout curtain effectiveness can be divided in two: in the grouting operation, with the treatment of cement grout take data, and in the curtain, which is measured by uplift and seepage reductions. Thus, by analyzing statistical distribution trends, it was possible to verify treatments effectiveness in the two dams. In the second part of the research, a probabilistic analysis methodology of drainage and grouting curtains effectiveness is proposed. This methodology is based on Monte Carlo method principles, randomly generating scenarios according to statistical distributions obtained in the first part of the work. By means of numerical simulations with finite elements, using foundation permeability coefficients following those statistical distributions, it was also possible to obtain a statistical distribution of uplift forces. Reliability analyses can be performed, and failure probabilities can be obtained using instrumentation readings, or even any uplift pressure criterion.

A subpressão consiste em um dos maiores problemas no que diz respeito à segurança de obras hidráulicas. A execução de vedações com cortinas de injeção de cimento, associadas à drenagem é de suma importância para coibir as ações da água percolada através de suas fundações. Torna-se, portanto, indispensável conhecer elementos para a verificação do bom funcionamento destes sistemas. Grande parte dos critérios de subpressão utilizados hoje no dimensionamento de barragens é baseada em métodos determinísticos e empíricos, com origem em experiência acumulada sob certas condições específicas. Quando tais critérios são utilizados para lugares específicos, com feições geológicas peculiares, podem não refletir os dados utilizados anteriormente. Tanto projetos sem segurança como antieconômicos podem resultar desta prática. Neste trabalho, procura-se avaliar a eficácia dos sistemas de vedação e drenagem de maneira probabilística, utilizando métodos estatísticos e dados obtidos durante a execução de obras já prontas, de modo a considerar a heterogeneidade dos maciços de fundação. A primeira parte da pesquisa consistiu, portanto, na compilação e ajuste de curvas de distribuição estatística aos valores de absorções de água e calda de cimento das barragens da Usina Hidrelétrica de Salto Caxias e da derivação do Rio Jordão. As duas localizam-se no Estado do Paraná e são de propriedade da COPEL - Companhia Paranaense de Energia. Ambas são fundadas em rochas basálticas, mas possuem diferentes características de permeabilidade. A eficácia de uma cortina de injeção pode ser dividida em duas: na dos trabalhos de injeção, com o controle dos valores de calda de cimento absorvida, e na da cortina em si, através da verificação da diminuição das subpressões e das vazões de percolação. Assim, através da análise da tendência das curvas de distribuição encontradas, foi possível comprovar o bom resultado dos trabalhos de injeção realizados nas duas obras. Na segunda parte da pesquisa, é proposta uma metodologia de análise probabilística da eficácia das cortinas de vedação e de drenagem. Esta metodologia baseia-se nos princípios do método de Monte Carlo, gerando-se cenários aleatórios de acordo com as curvas de distribuição estatísticas obtidas da primeira parte do trabalho. Através de simulações numéricas com elementos finitos, com valores de permeabilidades das fundações obedecendo àquelas distribuições estatísticas, foi possível obter uma distribuição estatística das subpressões. Com isso, pode-se proceder a análises de confiabilidade, e probabilidades de falha podem ser obtidas utilizando leituras de instrumentação ou mesmo critérios de subpressão. / One of the biggest problems for hydraulic works safety is the uplift pressure. The execution of grouting, associated with drainage, is very important to control seepage through concrete dam foundations. Therefore, appropriate means to check the efficiency of those systems are essential for dam safety evaluation. Most of the uplift pressure criteria used nowadays for dam design is based on deterministic and empirical methods, originated from accumulated experience under certain specific conditions. When such criteria are used for a specific site, peculiar geological features may not be reflected in the data basis used as previous experience. Either unsafe or uneconomic designs may result from such practice. In this work, grouting and drainage systems effectiveness are evaluated in a probabilistic way, using statistical methods and data obtained during grouting execution, which provide good assessment for foundation properties variability. The first part of the research consisted, therefore, in the compilation and statistical distribution curves adjustment of data from Salto Caxias and Jordão river Hydroelectric Power Plants water pressure tests and grouting takes. The two dams are located in the state of Paraná, Brazil, and are owned by COPEL - Companhia Paranaense de Energia. They are founded on basaltic rocks, but have different permeability characteristics. Grout curtain effectiveness can be divided in two: in the grouting operation, with the treatment of cement grout take data, and in the curtain, which is measured by uplift and seepage reductions. Thus, by analyzing statistical distribution trends, it was possible to verify treatments effectiveness in the two dams. In the second part of the research, a probabilistic analysis methodology of drainage and grouting curtains effectiveness is proposed. This methodology is based on Monte Carlo method principles, randomly generating scenarios according to statistical distributions obtained in the first part of the work. By means of numerical simulations with finite elements, using foundation permeability coefficients following those statistical distributions, it was also possible to obtain a statistical distribution of uplift forces. Reliability analyses can be performed, and failure probabilities can be obtained using instrumentation readings, or even any uplift pressure criterion.

The Iron Curtain was seen as the divider between East and West in Cold War Europe. The term is closely connected to the Cold War and expressions such as ‘behind the Iron Curtain’ or ‘after the fall of the Iron Curtain’ are common within historical discussions in the second half of the twentieth century. Even if the term was used regularly as a metaphor there was also a material side with a series of highly militarised borders running throughout Europe. The metaphor and the material borders developed together and individually, sometimes intertwined and sometimes separate. In my research I have carried out two fieldwork studies at sites that can be considered part of the former Iron Curtain. The first study area is located between Italy and Slovenia (formerly Yugoslavia) in which the division between the two towns of Nova Gorica on the Slovenian side and Gorizia on the Italian side was investigated. The second study area is located on the border between Austria and Czech Republic (formerly Czechoslovakia) within two national parks. A smaller study was also carried out in Berlin as the Berlin Wall is considered of major importance in the context of the Iron Curtain. This research has resulted in large quantities of sources and information and a constant need to re-evaluate the methods used within an archaeology of a more recent past. This thesis falls within what is usually referred to as contemporary archaeology, a fairly young sub-discipline of archaeology. Few large research projects have so far been published, and methods have been described as still somewhat experimental. Through my fieldwork it has been possible to acknowledge and highlight the problems and opportunities within contemporary archaeology. It has become clear how the materials stretch both through time and place demonstrating the complex process of how the material that archaeologists investigate can be created. The material of the Iron Curtain, is also well worth studying in its own right.

A dissertação focaliza as transformações do processo de trabalho da arquitetura, ao longo do século XX, detendo-se na análise da produção de duas obras que constituem referências culturais da cidade de São Paulo, analisadas a partir da maneira pela qual, nelas, o vidro ganhou forma: o Teatro Municipal de São Paulo (1903-1911) e o edifício do Museu de Arte de São Paulo (1957-1968). O Teatro Municipal, construído como teatro de ópera no início do século XX pelo escritório de Ramos de Azevedo, no centro da cidade, possui um conjunto de vitrais no corpo de entrada, parte deles importada da Alemanha, parte fabricada em São Paulo, aplicados em esquadrias fabricadas no Liceu de Artes e Ofícios de São Paulo. O Museu de Arte, MASP, cartão postal da cidade, de autoria da arquiteta Lina Bo Bardi, tem seu bloco principal fechado por grandes placas de vidro de seis metros de altura, as primeiras dessa medida fabricada no país, encaixilhadas em montantes metálicos fabricados também nas oficinas do Liceu de Artes e Ofícios de São Paulo. Através da análise de relatórios de obra, correspondências, fotografias e imprensa, em cada período, a pesquisa articula as transformações da produção da arquitetura e dos agentes envolvidos na concepção e construção do objeto arquitetônico, à luz dos processos de modernização da construção civil e do projeto de arquitetura em São Paulo. / This dissertation focuses on the changes in the labor processes in architecture throughout the twentieth century, circumscribing the analysis to the way glass was shaped on two referential buildings to the cultural history of São Paulo: the Teatro Municipal de São Paulo (1903-1911), and the building of the Museu de Arte de São Paulo (1957-1968). The Teatro Municipal, built downtown as an opera theater in the beginning of the twentieth century by Ramos de Azevedo`s office, assembles VITRAIS on the entrance, built as much in Germany as in São Paulo, applied on frames produced in the Liceu de Artes e Ofícios de São Paulo. The main volume of Museu de Arte, MASP, the city\'s postal card, designed by the architect Lina Bo Bardi, is shut by big glass plates, measuring six meters high, the first of its size manufactured in Brazil, framed in metal structures also produced in the Liceu de Artes e Ofícios de São Paulo. Through the analysis of the construction\'s rep orts, and of mail, photographies and the press, in each period, our research articulates the changes of the architectural production and the agents involved in the conception and production of the architectural object, in light of the processes of modernization in construction and the architectural design in São Paulo.