To be present online is seen, in recent time, as a necessity for fashion companies in order to sustain on the market. Since online shopping lack the opportunity for customers to try on purchased products it entails a risk of experiencing dissatisfaction when orders are received. Through this, customers demand determinants that ensure safety within the purchase. Different kinds of customers might, however, possess various motivations for purchasing, stressing the requirements for variety in service value deliverance. Therefore, purchase and return policies comprise a significant importance in order to create attractiveness towards customers. The problem, though, consists of the balance between offering lenient purchase and return policies, to create competitiveness, but still considering excessive purchasing and depreciation of product value. There are several determinants affecting the shopping experience online. These were combined, with components of an online purchase, in a theoretical model to empirically test the key conceptual ideas embedded in the consumption system perspective. Further, primary data was conducted through company interviews and focus group interviews, with the aim to explore customer behavior online. Findings, from interviews compared with secondary data, analyzed through the theoretical model, indicates that the right of withdrawal and its additional components such as charges, time and inconvenience is interpreted differently by different customers. Further, it is up to e-tailers to discover the benefits and drawbacks of different policies in order to detect the most suited policy for them and their customers.

There is a current debate in Swedish media regarding the negative aspects of Internet and social media, a debate which is also virtual in blogs and forums. This started with a post on the clothing company H&M’s Facebook page where a user was virtually attacked in an aggressive manner by other users. This kind of online behavior between customers can be seen as a new challenge for organizations, especially as social media is continuously growing.   We have investigated the area of misbehaving customers, also known as dysfunctional customer behavior, by looking into the theoretical area of knowledge transfer. Within knowledge transfer we have focused on the strategies codification, which concerns transferring knowledge from people-to-documents, and personalization, meaning transferring knowledge from people-to-people.   Previous studies within knowledge transfer has investigated this in relation to different contexts, including how different context affects the transfer, how knowledge is transferred between organizations or within specific industries or businesses. However, there is a lack of research regarding knowledge transfer in relation to customers misbehaving. Hence, the purpose of this study was to understand if and how organizations work with a codification and/or personalization strategy for transferring knowledge when handling dysfunctional customer behavior on social media. By comparing the organizations we investigated reasons and underlying factors for their way of transferring knowledge.   In order to fulfill the purpose we made a qualitative research with four companies that are active on social media. We conducted semi-structured interviews with respondents holding both managerial positions as well as with employees working practically with social media.   Our study showed that both codification and personalization are used as knowledge transfer strategies when dealing with customers that misbehave on social media. The codification strategy is pursued by the use of databases, information-systems, guidelines and documentation. These methods were used to make knowledge available for all employees and to make work more effective. The personalization strategy is followed by talking to each other in person, via telephone, email or chat. This knowledge transfer strategy was pursued to exchange ideas in order to receive input and advice from one another.   We also found that when dealing with customers behaving badly towards other customers on social media, personalization holds a higher usage than codification. Further our study showed that three underlying factors affect the usage of the codification and personalization strategy, namely, closeness, previous experience and available knowledge transfer sources.

When single-family lots are valued for development of new residential areas,the valuation is influenced by several factors. The valuation is a matter ofdefinition that varies according to its interpreter. Previous research conductedin other countries, has identified a number of value-influencing factors. Thesefactors are the basis for this study.The study's purpose is to highlight the value-influencing factors thatcustomers value and are looking for in the choice of single-family lots. Thestudy also seeks to determine if there is an unknown difference between howprofessionals and clients value single-family lots.The study showed that the value factors considered important for customersand also professionals are consistent and applicable with the factors reportedfrom previous research. These value factors are the location, adjacentneighboring areas, public transportation service, house plot size and proximityto the community, bodies of water and schools. For the Swedish market fourvalue-influencing factors not mentioned in the previous research wereidentified. The additional factors are; the selling price of the single-family lot, acorner placement lot, connecting bicycle path and walkway and lot withorientation south and west. The previous research mentioned also three valueinfluencingfactors that were not identified in the Swedish study. These factorswere; distance to the highway, municipal tax rate and access to the singlefamilylot.The study showed that the parties generally have good knowledge of oneanother´s valuation of single-family lots. This study focused mainly on theprofessional’s knowledge of the customer’s value-influencing factors. Theprofessionals base their valuation on incurred development costs, local priceassessments and a consideration of customer’s value-influencing factors. Thisknowledge is important for real estate appraisers and developers when settinga value on single-family lots, to be able to determine the most accurate value.The study is limited to Swedish medium-sized cities and was performed inKarlstad and Hammaro, which together have a population of approximately100,000 inhabitants. The data was collected through both a qualitative and aquantitative method approach, intended to reflect both professionals andcustomers perspectives. The qualitative method approach consisted of openand individual interviews with experienced professionals. The quantitative7method approach consisted of an online questionnaire, which was answeredby existing and potential customers. The empirical data for the qualitativemethod approach is presented in text and the quantitative method approachby the empirical data presented in tabular form.

I kollektivtrafiken är socialt oacceptabla beteenden vanligt förekommande och många anställda blir utsatta för kränkningar såsom utskällningar, förolämpningar och/eller svordomar (Strandberg et al. 2008). Branschstatistik visar att ungefär hälften av samtliga arbetsskadeanmälningar till Arbetsmiljöverket mellan åren 2005-2007 kunnat kopplas till våld, hot eller rån (Strandberg 2008). Både polis och socialsekreterare har en lägre anmälningar andel än kollektivtrafiken, medan endast yrkesgrupperna kriminalvårdare och väktare har en högre andel.För att ha en möjlighet till att reducera dessa oacceptabla beteenden är det viktigt att studera kundbeteenden och hitta orsaken till att kunder blir missnöjda. Företag och organisationers kunskap om kundbeteenden är en viktig framgångsfaktor. Kunder som är missnöjda leder till förlorade intäkter och spridning av negativ word of mouth leder till dåligt rykte på marknaden (Gopala et al. 2010).Studien genomfördes för att få kunskap om vilka faktorer som leder till missnöje i kollektivtrafiken och på vilket sätt resenärerna uttrycker sitt missnöje. Studien inriktades mot kollektivtrafiken i Karlstad och bland studenter vid Karlstads Universitet. Studien baseras dels på fokusgrupper, dels en enkätundersökning samt viss sekundärdata från Karlstadsbuss.Karlstadsbuss egna undersökningar visar att endast 2 % av Karlstads resenärer är missnöjda med bussbolaget (se bilaga 4). Däremot visar resultatet från denna studie att det finns ett betydligt större missnöje bland studenter. Missnöjet förmedlas dock sällan till Karlstadsbuss. Det absolut vanligaste sättet för studenter att uttrycka sitt missnöje genom negativ word of mouth.

Šiame magistro darbe analizuojami vartotojų elgsenos ypatumai prabangos prekių kontekste, siekiant išsiaiškinti, kokie veiksniai įtakoja prabangos prekių vartojimą ir kokiais ypatumais pasižymi prabangos prekių vartotojų elgsena. Teorinės mokslinės literatūros analizės metu išskirti trys pagrindiniai prabangos prekių vartotojų elgsenos modeliai vėliau tikrinti kiekybiniu ir kokybiniu tyrimais. Nustatyta, kad prabangos prekių vartojimo kontekste labiausiai pasireiškia du vartojimo tipai: „gyvenimo stilius“ prabangos prekių vartojimas paremtas vidine motyvacija ir reakcijos vartojimas – sąveikos su socialine aplinka ypatumais. Nustatyta, kad prabangos prekių vartojimas reikšmingai susijęs su vidinių asmenybės poreikių tenkinimu, šie poreikiai yra pagrindinis prabangos prekių vartojimą skatinantis veiksnys. Reikšmingą poveikį prabangos prekių vartojimui taip pat turi prabangos prekės ypatumai ir pardavimo aplinka. Iškelta tyrimo hipotezė, kad prabangos prekių vartojimą labiausiai motyvuoja vidiniai asmenybės poreikiai, patvirtinta. / The peculiarities of the luxury goods customer behavior are analysed in this paper. The aim of the research is to describe what factors have the most influence toward the luxury goods customer behavior and what is the particuliarity of the luxury customers behavior. The theoretical analysis of the research problem show three basic models of the luxury goods customer behavior. They had tested by the quantitative and the qualitative analysis. The empirical analysis show the main aspects of the peculiarity of the luxury customers behavior. Two models of the luxury goods customer behavior were ascertained: the model of the “Life style” and the model of the “Reaction”. The first is based on the internal motivation, the next – on the peculiarities of the interaction to social environment. It was defined by the research that the personal needs are the basic factor of the influence toward the luxury goods customer behavior. The other factors are: the singularity of the luxury good and the environment of sale. The hypothesis of the research that the personal needs are the most influencing factors toward the luxury customers behavior was confirmed empirically.

Digital Transformation is an on-going process in the logistics industry. Every day, innovative and new technology is developed to streamline products to the customer as fast as they want it. The purpose of our study is to investigate how digital transformation and customer behaviour has affected the business model(s) of smaller companies compared to well established multinational companies in the logistics industry. The authors look and found the aspects of the business model that were impacted and if there should be adjustments made to better suite either the large or small organizations.

Title: Technology and Consumers’ Experiences in Fashion Physical Stores: The Case of Sweden Level: Master Thesis in Business Administration Author: Meron Kebede Abebaw; Willard Kingstone Matukuta Supervisor: Agneta Sundström, PhD Examiner: Maria Fregidou-Malama, PhD Date: May, 2018  Aim: The aim of this study is to analyze whether in-store digital technology in fashion retailers are used to change the customers’ shopping experience and behavior. Method: This study chooses qualitative research and used both primary and secondary data collection as method. Results and conclusions: This study have reached to conclude that: with the current advances in technology, physical stores can use in-store technology to give customers a new experience; physical stores perceive that using in-store digital technology will change customers shopping experience. Also, marketing mix inputs and technology affect customers’ behavior. Suggestions for future research: For future research, how smart fitting rooms may influence the customer experience in the physical store will be important to study. Researchers can also consider understanding customer responses to in-store technology. Finally, a customer’s perspective to both suggestions should improve the knowledge on whether digital solutions are preferred in in-store shopping or not. Contributions of the thesis: This thesis contributes to the current state of theories on in-store technology by showing atmosphere has effect on customers’ experiences and behavior in addition to the marketing mix. On the managerial perspective, analyzing the installation of this technology will enable to identify its effect on customers’ experiences and behavior. In addition, on the societal perspective, the behavior of customers will help in motivating younger generation to utilize this in-store technology.

O aumento da procura por produtos agroalimentares com certificação relacionada à origem geográfica tem ocorrido tanto a nível mundial como nacional, buscando atender nichos específicos de mercado. Neste estudo é apresentada uma revisão de literatura que versa sobre segmentação de mercado, comportamento do consumidor e diferenciação de produtos, além de uma abordagem sobre as indicações geográficas em produtos alimentares no Brasil, tratando do caso específico da Carne do Pampa Gaúcho da Campanha Meridional. Como método de trabalho, realizou-se um survey entre consumidores de carne bovina, a fim de identificar a percepção dos mesmos com relação às indicações geográficas e melhorar a compreensão deste mecanismo como ferramenta estratégica na diferenciação de produtos. Após análise dos resultados obtidos, pode-se constatar no estudo que a percepção do consumidor sobre as indicações geográficas em carnes é de uma maneira geral bem positiva, sendo este atributo reconhecido como um indicador de qualidade. Através da análise dos resultados foi possível observar que na amostra avaliada mais de 60% dos consumidores não conheciam a indicação geográfica. Mesmo assim, existe um alto grau de confiança na IG, onde os entrevistados acreditam que as carnes com IG oferecem segurança e são mais confiáveis do que as carnes sem este atributo e fica clara a intenção de compra do consumidor pelas carnes com selo de indicação geográfica. Os respondentes acreditam que as carnes com IG devem estar sempre disponíveis para consumo em todos os pontos de venda questionados, principalmente nos supermercados e nas casas especializadas em carnes. A maioria dos consumidores entrevistados estaria disposto a pagar entre 5 e pelo menos 20% a mais pelo produto com IG. Portanto, os produtos com indicação geográfica atendem a um segmento de mercado específico, sendo caracterizados como produtos diferenciados e se inserem no mercado com um sentido amplo e genérico: tanto como estratégia de articulação de diferenciação visando aumentar a competitividade como promover uma característica coletiva no desenvolvimento rural no que tange o apelo à origem. / The growing demand for geographic certified produce with is a reality at national and global levels, aiming specific market shares. This document presents a review of publications regarding market sharing, customer behavior and product segmentation, beyond a approach for geographic branded alimentary products in Brazil, dealing the case of Beef from Pampa Gaúcho da Campanha Meridional. The chosen work method was to apply a survey to customers of beef in targeting identify the impressions about with geographic certified produce and have enhanced the understanding of this process as an strategic tool in product qualification. After analyzing results found, it's possible to conclude in this survey that the consumer perception about geographic identified brands of meat is, generally speaking, very positive, this attribute being acknowledged as a quality indicator. Through the analysis of results, it was possible to observe that in the sample taken, over 60% of the population in scope did not know geographic indication. Nevertheless, geographic indication is considered highly reliable, such that interviewed personnel believe that meats geographically certified are more safe and trustable than the ones without this property and it is clear the customers intention of buying meat with geographic indication stamp. The respondents believe that the geographic certified meats should be always available for consumption, mainly in supermarkets and meat houses. Majority of the consumers are willing to pay 5 - 20% more for geographic certified products. Therefore, geographic indication in products reaches a specific segment of market, characterizing differentiated products and they could be inserted in market with an ample and generic direction.

O aumento da procura por produtos agroalimentares com certificação relacionada à origem geográfica tem ocorrido tanto a nível mundial como nacional, buscando atender nichos específicos de mercado. Neste estudo é apresentada uma revisão de literatura que versa sobre segmentação de mercado, comportamento do consumidor e diferenciação de produtos, além de uma abordagem sobre as indicações geográficas em produtos alimentares no Brasil, tratando do caso específico da Carne do Pampa Gaúcho da Campanha Meridional. Como método de trabalho, realizou-se um survey entre consumidores de carne bovina, a fim de identificar a percepção dos mesmos com relação às indicações geográficas e melhorar a compreensão deste mecanismo como ferramenta estratégica na diferenciação de produtos. Após análise dos resultados obtidos, pode-se constatar no estudo que a percepção do consumidor sobre as indicações geográficas em carnes é de uma maneira geral bem positiva, sendo este atributo reconhecido como um indicador de qualidade. Através da análise dos resultados foi possível observar que na amostra avaliada mais de 60% dos consumidores não conheciam a indicação geográfica. Mesmo assim, existe um alto grau de confiança na IG, onde os entrevistados acreditam que as carnes com IG oferecem segurança e são mais confiáveis do que as carnes sem este atributo e fica clara a intenção de compra do consumidor pelas carnes com selo de indicação geográfica. Os respondentes acreditam que as carnes com IG devem estar sempre disponíveis para consumo em todos os pontos de venda questionados, principalmente nos supermercados e nas casas especializadas em carnes. A maioria dos consumidores entrevistados estaria disposto a pagar entre 5 e pelo menos 20% a mais pelo produto com IG. Portanto, os produtos com indicação geográfica atendem a um segmento de mercado específico, sendo caracterizados como produtos diferenciados e se inserem no mercado com um sentido amplo e genérico: tanto como estratégia de articulação de diferenciação visando aumentar a competitividade como promover uma característica coletiva no desenvolvimento rural no que tange o apelo à origem. / The growing demand for geographic certified produce with is a reality at national and global levels, aiming specific market shares. This document presents a review of publications regarding market sharing, customer behavior and product segmentation, beyond a approach for geographic branded alimentary products in Brazil, dealing the case of Beef from Pampa Gaúcho da Campanha Meridional. The chosen work method was to apply a survey to customers of beef in targeting identify the impressions about with geographic certified produce and have enhanced the understanding of this process as an strategic tool in product qualification. After analyzing results found, it's possible to conclude in this survey that the consumer perception about geographic identified brands of meat is, generally speaking, very positive, this attribute being acknowledged as a quality indicator. Through the analysis of results, it was possible to observe that in the sample taken, over 60% of the population in scope did not know geographic indication. Nevertheless, geographic indication is considered highly reliable, such that interviewed personnel believe that meats geographically certified are more safe and trustable than the ones without this property and it is clear the customers intention of buying meat with geographic indication stamp. The respondents believe that the geographic certified meats should be always available for consumption, mainly in supermarkets and meat houses. Majority of the consumers are willing to pay 5 - 20% more for geographic certified products. Therefore, geographic indication in products reaches a specific segment of market, characterizing differentiated products and they could be inserted in market with an ample and generic direction.

O aumento da procura por produtos agroalimentares com certificação relacionada à origem geográfica tem ocorrido tanto a nível mundial como nacional, buscando atender nichos específicos de mercado. Neste estudo é apresentada uma revisão de literatura que versa sobre segmentação de mercado, comportamento do consumidor e diferenciação de produtos, além de uma abordagem sobre as indicações geográficas em produtos alimentares no Brasil, tratando do caso específico da Carne do Pampa Gaúcho da Campanha Meridional. Como método de trabalho, realizou-se um survey entre consumidores de carne bovina, a fim de identificar a percepção dos mesmos com relação às indicações geográficas e melhorar a compreensão deste mecanismo como ferramenta estratégica na diferenciação de produtos. Após análise dos resultados obtidos, pode-se constatar no estudo que a percepção do consumidor sobre as indicações geográficas em carnes é de uma maneira geral bem positiva, sendo este atributo reconhecido como um indicador de qualidade. Através da análise dos resultados foi possível observar que na amostra avaliada mais de 60% dos consumidores não conheciam a indicação geográfica. Mesmo assim, existe um alto grau de confiança na IG, onde os entrevistados acreditam que as carnes com IG oferecem segurança e são mais confiáveis do que as carnes sem este atributo e fica clara a intenção de compra do consumidor pelas carnes com selo de indicação geográfica. Os respondentes acreditam que as carnes com IG devem estar sempre disponíveis para consumo em todos os pontos de venda questionados, principalmente nos supermercados e nas casas especializadas em carnes. A maioria dos consumidores entrevistados estaria disposto a pagar entre 5 e pelo menos 20% a mais pelo produto com IG. Portanto, os produtos com indicação geográfica atendem a um segmento de mercado específico, sendo caracterizados como produtos diferenciados e se inserem no mercado com um sentido amplo e genérico: tanto como estratégia de articulação de diferenciação visando aumentar a competitividade como promover uma característica coletiva no desenvolvimento rural no que tange o apelo à origem. / The growing demand for geographic certified produce with is a reality at national and global levels, aiming specific market shares. This document presents a review of publications regarding market sharing, customer behavior and product segmentation, beyond a approach for geographic branded alimentary products in Brazil, dealing the case of Beef from Pampa Gaúcho da Campanha Meridional. The chosen work method was to apply a survey to customers of beef in targeting identify the impressions about with geographic certified produce and have enhanced the understanding of this process as an strategic tool in product qualification. After analyzing results found, it's possible to conclude in this survey that the consumer perception about geographic identified brands of meat is, generally speaking, very positive, this attribute being acknowledged as a quality indicator. Through the analysis of results, it was possible to observe that in the sample taken, over 60% of the population in scope did not know geographic indication. Nevertheless, geographic indication is considered highly reliable, such that interviewed personnel believe that meats geographically certified are more safe and trustable than the ones without this property and it is clear the customers intention of buying meat with geographic indication stamp. The respondents believe that the geographic certified meats should be always available for consumption, mainly in supermarkets and meat houses. Majority of the consumers are willing to pay 5 - 20% more for geographic certified products. Therefore, geographic indication in products reaches a specific segment of market, characterizing differentiated products and they could be inserted in market with an ample and generic direction.