Submitted by Nathália Faria da Silva (nathaliafsilva.ufv@gmail.com) on 2017-07-04T19:50:45Z No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 929510 bytes, checksum: c5b3ba9e209ce00879b8d81ead698d62 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-04T19:50:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 929510 bytes, checksum: c5b3ba9e209ce00879b8d81ead698d62 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2000-04-03 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / Um experimento foi conduzido com objetivo de estudar os efeitos do ácido L-glutâmico (L-Glu) e da vitamina D 3 (VD) da dieta em pintos de corte, de um dia, machos, Hubbard, criados em baterias aquecidas, recebendo dieta básica purificada, contendo todos os L-aminoácidos essenciais, minerais e vitaminas (exceto vitamina D 3 ), suplementada com 5, 10 e 15% de L-Glu combinados com 0, 5.000, 10.000 e 15.000 UI de VD. O ganho de peso máximo (192,61 g) aumentou até o nível máximo estimado de 8,56% de L-Glu e 15.000 UI de VD. A melhor taxa de conversão alimentar (1,58) foi verificada com nível estimado de 8,40% de L-Glu. O maior consumo estimado (320,24 g) foi obtido com 8,48% de L-Glu e 15.000 UI de VD. Houve redução na incidência de problemas de pernas com 10% de L-Glu e 15.000 UI de VD. Observou-se comprimentos máximos (37,61 mm e 50,36 mm), com 9,51% de L-Glu e 15.000 UI de VD, e 9,99% de L-Glu e 15.000 UI de VD, para o fêmur e tibiotarso, respectivamente. O diâmetro do fêmur (3,62 mm) e tibiotarso (3,17 mm) aumentou até o nível máximo estimado de 10,49% de L-Glu e 15.000 UI de VD, e 11,04% de L-Glu e 15.000 UI de VD, respectivamente. A resistência máxima ixestimada para o fêmur (52,47 kgf/cm 2 ) foi determinada com 7,57% de L-Glu e 8.978 UI, e 6,24% de L-Glu e 12.591UI de VD para o tibiotarso (43,35 kgf/ cm 2 ). A maior porcentagem de cinza óssea do fêmur (44,37%) foi obtida com 15% de L-Glu e 8.503 UI de VD, e 15% de L-Glu e 15.000 UI de VD para o tibiotarso (40,73%). Não houve efeito de tratamento para as concentrações de cálcio no tibiotarso (37,01%). Não houve efeito de tratamento nas concentrações de fósforo (20,55%) nas cinzas do tibiotarso. A relação Ca:P no tibiotarso foi constante e igual a 1,80. No fêmur, a melhor relação Ca:P (1,95) foi obtida com 5% de L-Glu e 15.000 UI de VD. No fêmur, houve decréscimo nas concentrações de magnésio com a suplementação de L-Glu e de VD. No tibiotarso, a maior concentração de magnésio (1,2%) foi obtida com 5% de L- Glu e 5.000 UI de VD. Não foi observado efeito de tratamento (P > 0,05) nas concentrações de proteínas colagenosas no fêmur, que foi constante e igual a 23,44 mg/100g. As menores concentrações de proteínas não colagenosas (2,5 mg/100g e 2,15 mg/100g) foram obtidas com 9,32% e 9,73% de L-Glu, no fêmur e tibiotarso, respectivamente. As maiores concentrações de proteínas totais (30,04 mg/100g e 30,03 mg/100g) foram obtidas com 15% de L-Glu e 10.000 UI de VD, 5% de L-Glu e 5.000 UI de VD, respectivamente no fêmur e tibiotarso. As concentrações máximas de cálcio no soro (9,61 mg/dL) foram obtidas com 15% de L-Glu e 14.181 UI de VD; 7,33 mg/dL de cálcio iônico com 15% de L-Glu e 15.664 UI de VD; 7,20 mg/dL de fósforo com 10% de L-Glu e 10.863 UI de VD. Os maiores valores de atividade de fosfatase alcalina no soro foram obtidos com 10% de L-Glu e na deficiência de VD. Houve aumento significativo nas concentrações de proteínas totais, albumina e globulina no soro, com a suplementação de VD e L-Glu. Com 10% de L-Glu e 15.000 UI de VD melhorou o crescimento e desenvolvimento ósseo; organização e comprimento médio do disco epifisário do tibiotarso; espessura do osso compacto da diáfise e diâmetro do canal medular. Em geral, as aves alimentadas com 10% de L-Glu e 15.000 UI de VD apresentaram melhor desempenho, melhor desenvolvimento dos ossos, baixas concentrações ósseas de proteínas não colagenosas e menor incidência de problemas de pernas. / An experiment was conducted to study the effects of L-glutamic acid (L- Glu) and vitamin D 3 (VD) on performance of one-day-old male Hubbard broiler chicks, reared in heated batteries, fed with a purified basal diet containing all essential L-aminoacids, minerals, and vitamins (except Vitamin D 3 ) and were supplemented with three levels of L-Glu (5, 10 and 15%) and with four levels of vitamin D 3 (0, 5,000, 10,000 and 15,000 IU). The weight gains increased up to 192,61 g an estimated level of 8,56% of L-Glu and 15,000 IU of VD. The highest feed intake (320,24 g) was obtained at an estimated level of 8,48% of L-Glu and 15,000 IU of VD. The better feed:gain was obtained at an estimated level of 8,40% of L-Glu. There was a reduction of leg problems in chicks with 10% of L- Glu and 15,000 IU of VD. The length of bones increased up to an estimated level of 9,51% of L-Glu and 15,000 IU of VD, and 9,99% of L-Glu and 15,000 IU of VD, for femur (37,61 mm) and tibiotarsus (50,36 mm), respectively. The femur (3,62 mm) and tibiotarsus (3,17 mm) diameter increased up an estimated level of 10,49% of L-Glu and 15,000 IU of VD, and 11,04% of L-Glu and 15,000 IU of VD, respectively. The maximum breaking strength for femur (52,47 xikgf/cm 2 ) and tibiotarsus (43,35 kgf/cm 2 ) was obtained with 8,978 IU and 12,591 IU, respectively. The highest content of femur ash (44,37%) and tibiotarsus ash (40,73%) was obtained with, respectively, 15% of L-Glu and 8,503 IU of VD and 15% of L-Glu and 15,000 IU of VD. There was no significant effect on calcium content of tibiotarsus ash (37,01%). There was no significant effect on phosphorus contents of tibiotarsus ash (20,55%). The better Ca:P relationship on tibiotarsus was equal 1,80. On femur, the better Ca:P relationship (1,95) was obtained with 5% of L-Glu and 15,000 IU of VD. On femur, there was a reduction on magnesium contents with L-Glu and VD supplementation. On tibiotarsus, the highest magnesium content (1,2%) was obtained with 5% of L- Glu and 5,000 IU of VD. No significant (P > 0,05) treatment effects were observed on femur contents of collagenous proteins (23,44 mg/100g). The smallest contents of non collagenous proteins (2,5 mg/100g and 2,15 mg/100g) were obtained with 9,32% and 9,73% of L-Glu, on femur and tibiotarsus, respectively. The highest contents of total protein (30,04 mg/100g and 30,03 mg/100g) were obtained with 15% L-Glu and 10,000 IU VD, and 5% of L-Glu and 5,000 IU of VD, on femur and tibiotarsus, respectively. The blood calcium increased up (9,61mg/dL) to an estimated level of 15% of L-Glu and 14,181 IU of VD, 7,33 mg/dL of ionized calcium was obtained with 15% of L-Glu and 15.664 of VD. The highest blood phosphorus (7,20 mg/dL) was obtained at an estimated level of 10% of L-Glu and 10,863 IU of VD. The highest blood alkaline phosphatase was obtained at level of 10% of L-Glu and vitamin D deficiency. There was a significant increase on contents of blood total protein, albumin and globulin with VD and L-Glu supplementation. The lower length of epiphyseal growth plate and better growth plate organization level were observed with chicks fed 10% of L-Glu and 15,000 IU of VD. Birds fed 10% L-Glu and 15,000 IU VD had better performance, good development of bones, longer length of compact bone, longer diameter of medullar channel, lower bone non collagenous contents and a lower incidence of leg problems.

Cette thèse de mathématiques appliquées en physiologie rénale a pour thème principal l'étude de l'homéostasie du calcium à travers le développement d'un modèle mathématique à l'échelle de l'organisme. Nous cherchons à répondre à certaines questions soulevées par les néphrologues dans le cas de pathologies impliquant la formation de calculs rénaux ou de calcifications. Nous examinons notamment les cas de l'hypercalciurie observée durant l'hyperparathyroïdie primaire dont les causes ne sont pas élucidées ainsi que les mécanismes de complexation du calcium et phosphate et notamment les conséquences d'une infusion intraveineuse de phosphate sur l'homéostasie du calcium. Notre modèle est composé d'équations différentielles décrivant la dynamique du calcium dans les compartiments impliqué dans son métabolisme (intestin, os, reins) ainsi que les mécanismes de régulation par l'hormone parathyroïdienne (PTH), la vitamine D3 et le récepteur sensible au calcium (CaSR). Ce modèle est par ailleurs couplé à un modèle de l'homéostasie du phosphate. Les résultats de ce modèle suggèrent que la présence ou non d'une hypercalciurie lors de l'hyperparathyroïdie primaire peut être expliquée par des mécanismes antagonistes dans la branche ascendante large de Henle, avec d'un côté le CaSR inhibant la réabsorption de calcium et de l'autre la PTH diminuant l'excrétion de calcium. Nous concluons que l'infusion intraveineuse de phosphate induit une hypocalcémie majeure, due principalement à la précipitation du calcium et du phosphate dans le plasma et dans l'os. En outre, cette étude suggère un retard dans l'activation de la synthèse de PTH par le phosphate. / This thesis of applied mathematics in renal physiology focuses on the study of calcium homeostasis, through the development of a mathematical model at the organism scale. This model is built based upon recent experimental studies as well as previous models in the field. We aim to answer several questions raised by nephrologists regarding diseases involving calcium stone formation or calcifications. In particular, we are interested in the origins of the hypercalciuria observed during primary hyperparathyroidism, the causes of which remain to be elucidated, the effects of bone resorption inhibition by bisphosphonates on calcium metabolism, as well as the consequences of an intravenous infusion of phosphate on calcium homeostasis. Our model is composed of differential equations describing the dynamics of calcium in the compartments involved in its metabolism (intestine, bone and kidneys), as well as complex feedback mechanisms by parathyroid hormone (PTH), vitamin D3 and the calcium sensing receptor (CaSR). Besides, this model is coupled to a phosphate homeostasis model. This model suggests that the variable presence of hypercalciuria during primary hyperparathyroidism can be explained by counteracting mechanisms in the thick ascending limb of Henle, involving on one hand the calcium sensing receptor, which inhibits calcium reabsorption, and on the other hand PTH which decreases calcium excretion. We conclude that the intravenous infusion of phosphate triggers a major hypocalcemia, mainly due to the precipitation of calcium and phosphate in both bone and plasma. Moreover, this study suggests a delay in the activation of PTH synthesis by phosphate

Prostate cancer is the leading male cancer form i Sweden and maybe worldwide as well. Vitamin D is synthesized in the skin following the exposure to sunlight. Researcers have long been aware of the positive effect that vitamin D3 has on prostate tumour growth. 1,25(OH)2D3 have for a long time been the target of these studies and have shown good results. The steroid hormone induces cAMP accumulation and activiates the cAMP dependent protein kinaseA (PKA). PKA is then able to activate a transcription regulating protein. 1,25(OH)2D3 is known to cause LNCaP cells to accumulate in the G1 phase ofthe cell cycle. It has also been shown that 1,25(OH)2D3 is under negativefeedback control via 24-hydroxylase. In this study, PKA activity was observed by transfecting LNCaP cells with a viral vector carrying firefly and Renillaluciferase genes. The successfully transfected LNCaP cells would then express luciferase as a response to PKA gene expression. The LNCaP cells were then treated with 1,25(OH)2D3 and GDP-β-S (100μM), a G-protein coupled receptorinhibitor, in order to examine if 1,25(OH)2D3 regulate PKA dependent gene expression through a G-protein coupled receptor. The study could show that 1,25(OH)2D3 regulate gene expression in LNCaP cells through a PKAdependent pathway. Furthermore, the PKA dependent gene expression was demonstrated to be independent of G-protein coupled recpetor activation.

Prostate cancer is the most occurring form of cancer in men in Sweden and new candidates for treatment towards advanced phases of prostate cancer needs to be investigated. One suggested treatment is vitamin D which will mediate effect via VDR and PDIA3 and cause cell cycle arrest.  Another treatment is digitoxin which will cause accumulation of intracellular Ca2+ leading to apoptosis. The aim of the project of was to investigate potential synergistic effects of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 and digitoxin in prostate cancer cell lines and find out effects mediated by PDIA3. DU145 and LNCaP cells were seeded and treated with 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (10-10, 10-9, 10-7 M), digitoxin (25 ng/ml and 50 ng/ml) and four combinations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 and digitoxin. Cell viability assay was performed for determining the number of viable cells. Treatment with 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 10-7M + digitoxin 50ng/ml (68%), 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 10-9M + digitoxin 25ng/ml (39%), 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 10-9M + digitoxin 50ng/ml (69%), digitoxin 25ng/ml (26%) and digitoxin 50 ng/ml (44%) was statistically significant with increased cell viability compared to untreated control in DU145 after 48h of treatment. Treatment with 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 10-7M (12%) and 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 10-9M (12%) was statistically significant with increased cell viability compared to untreated control in LNCaP after 24h of treatment. The conclusion based on results from this study is that a combination of digitoxin and 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 does not inhibit cell viability in DU145 or LNCaP cancer cell lines.

This thesis solves the area of data visualization in Business Intelligence. We live in a time when the amount of data grows turbulently. These data need to be processed into a form with added value for management and business objectives of the company. The first task is to adjust the data into the required format, the second task is to choose the appropriate visualization so that the data are providing the highest value. This work deals with data visualization and its main aim is to introduce a different approach to data visualization, which has a higher added value than conventional visualization methods used in dashboards and reports. First of all, theoretical part is describing data area (including the trend of Big Data) and reporting (chapter 3). Followed by chapter 4, which is enriching the reader with the information about the need to deal with data visualization and also with the design theory of visualization components. The theoretical part is finished with fifth chapter. It deals with current trends in the field of data visualization and Business Intelligence and also introduces D3.js library as a tool for creating interactive and efficient visualization components. The practical part is offering suggestions for interactive and dynamic visualization of input data (chapter 6). It presents a convenient way to choose a visualization component with greater value than the traditional static component in the form of a graph or table. Proposals contained in D3.js library are presented to the reader. Chosen components according to the author are interesting from the view of design and, if properly used, offer an innovative approach to data visualization. For purposes of practical examples of visualization, author is using D3.js library and open source tool for Business Intelligence from Pentaho. Practical example is part of the final chapter 7.

This master's degree thesis focuses on the issues of visualization formerly preprocessed business and technical metadata in a business environment. Within the process of elabora-tion and usage of the collected data in the company, it is necessary to present the data to the users in a comfortable, comprehensible and clear way. The first goal of this thesis is to describe and to specify the term of metadata in the field of theory and on the level of busi-ness, their main structure, their occurrence in a non-visual manner and related places where we can find metadata in the heterogeneous business environment. This part also includes a short introduction to the usage of metadata that is related and originates from business in-telligence and a description of Company encyclopedia that can syndicate these resources for further utilization. When defined, the sources, destinations and purpose of technical and business metadata can be used in the second part of the thesis -- this part is aimed at model-ing the use cases for the visual component that can be applied to business and technical metadata. Use cases will be focused on the roles of the users that will use this component and to discover the primary demands and requirements of these users and the functionality that will be indispensable. After the use cases are defined we can process to the next stage of visual component development -- the data must be visualized itself and we have to find proper means to achieve this with user experience being the main focus. Then we have to encapsulate the visualization with a graphical user interface that will meet the requirements and demands of the users' roles specified by the use cases section by prototyping. Lastly, the results of the previous chapters are used to prototype the visual component suitable for a web environment which is based on principles of reusability, data-driven approach, and uses modern web technologies such as framework and library D3.js, HTML5, CSS3, and SVG.

La 1α,25(OH)2 vitamine D3 (1,25-D3) est synthétisée à partir du cholestérol par l'exposition solaire de la peau. Les effets de cette hormone sont médiées par le récepteur de la vitamine D (VDR) dans le noyau et à la membrane plasmique, et avec le récepteur PDIA3 ils médient des effets génomiques et non-génomique. La vitamine D joue un rôle important dans la reproduction, puisque la réduction de la fertilité a été observée chez les rats déficients en vitamine D. L'estradiol (E2) est synthétisé à partir de la testostérone par l'enzyme aromatase (CYP19). L’E2 a des effets génomiques et non génomiques médiée par les récepteurs ESR1, ESR2 et GPER. L’objectif de ce travail a été d’étudier l’effet de l’E2 sur le métabolisme et les voies de signalisation de la vitamine D dans des testicules des rats à différents âges ainsi qu’une perturbation éventuelle initiée par un perturbateur endocrinien à activité estrogénique, le Bisphénol A (BPA). Dans le première axe de travail, trois protocoles expérimental (PE) ont été réalisés, où l’E2 et le BPA ont été administrés: traitement de J15pp à J30pp et euthanasie immédiate à J30 (PE1), traitement de J15 à J30 et euthanasie différée à J75 (PE2) et traitement à l’âge adulte de J60 à J75 et euthanasie immédiate à J75 (PE3). Dans le PE1, le traitement avec l’E2 a diminué l'expression du CYP27A1. L’E2 et le BPA ont diminué l'expression du VDR. Cet effet n'a pas été vérifié dans l'expression de la protéine VDR. Dans le PE2, l’E2 a augmenté l'expression des gènes VDR, PDIA3 et CYP27A1, et l'expression de la protéine VDR et CYP27A1. Les traitements n’ont eu aucun effet dans le PE3, ce qui indique qu’un traitement en période prépubère entraîne à la fois un effet immédiat et différé alors que le traitement à l’âge adulte semble sans effet. Dans le deuxième axe de travail, des effets non-génomiques du BPA ont été étudiés par la technique d’afflux de 45Ca2+ dans les testicules de rat prépubères. Le BPA a stimulé l’afflux de 45Ca2+ de manière un peu pareille avec les effets de l’E2. Cet effet semble ne pas impliquer les récepteurs classiques des estrogènes, mais semble se produire de manière compatible avec l'activation d'un récepteur couplé à la protéine G, comme le GPER. Cet effet se produit par la modulation de la fonction des canaux ioniques, comme des canaux potassiques, TRPV1 et des canaux chlorés. Aussi le BPA module le calcium du stock intracellulaire par l’inhibition de la SERCA et l’activation du récepteur IP3. Également des protéines kinases PKA, PKC, MEK et p38MAPK participent de l’effet du BPA, qui pourrait déclencher un cross talk avec les voies de signalisation nucléaires résultant la médiation des réponses génomiques. Dans le troisième axe de travail, l'expression de certains gènes impliqués dans le métabolisme et la signalisation de 1,25-D3 et E2 a été analysée dans des cellules de Leydig. La 1,25-D3 a diminué l'expression du CYP27A1, un effet qui a également été observé lorsque les cellules étaient co-incubées avec l'E2. L’E2 a diminué l'expression des gènes ESR1 et CYP19. Les deux hormones ont démontré un mécanisme de retours négatifs sur leur métabolisme dans ces cellules. Des effets non génomiques ont été étudiés dans ces cellules, où l’E2 semble avoir un effet inhibiteur tandis que la 1,25-D3 a stimulé l'afflux de 45CA2+. A partir de ces résultats, nous pouvons affirmer que la 1,25-D3, l’E2 et le BPA ont des effets moléculaires importants dans le système reproducteur masculin, par l'expression génique des récepteurs et des enzymes impliqués dans le métabolisme des hormones 1,25-D3 et E2. De plus, les résultats obtenus renforcent la théorie selon laquelle il existe une relation entre les voies de signalisation de la 1,25-D3 et l’E2. Comme la 1,25-D3 et l'E2, le BPA stimule également les effets non-génomiques impliqués dans la signalisation du calcium. / 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25-D3), the active form of vitamin D, is synthetized from cholesterol by skin exposure to the sun. This hormone’s actions are mediated by vitamin D receptor (VDR) in the nucleus and in the plasma membrane, resulting in genome actions like gene expression regulation. VDR can also be found in the plasmatic membrane, and together with PDIA3 receptor they mediate 1,25-D3 non-genomic actions. Vitamin D has an important role in reproductive function, since fertility reduction was observed in vitamin D deficient rats, as well as VDR and 1α-hydroxylase deficiency. In these animals, calcium and estrogen supplementation was able to reverse the deleterious effects in reproductive function, indicating that there is a relation between 1,25-D3 and estrogens signalling pathways. Estradiol (E2) is synthetized from testosterone by aromatase enzyme (CYP19). E2 is found in high levels in the male reproductive function, and like 1,25-D3 can induce genomic and non- genomic actions, mediated by ESR1, ESR2 and GPER receptors. Bisphenol A (BPA) is a xenoestrogen utilized in plastic industry, capable of modulating the endocrine system through E2 receptors. The aim of this work was to study metabolism and signaling pathways interactions between 1,25-D3 and E2, as well as BPA influence in testicular cells. In the first line of work, three treatment protocols (TP) were realized, where E2 and BPA were administrated in rats between 15th and 30th days, were a portion of the animals were euthanized at the last day of treatment (TP1) and another portion was kept alive after the treatment until euthanized at adult age with 75 days (TP2). A third animal group also received the same treatments when adults (TP3). In TP1, E2 treatment decreased CYP27A1 gene expression. E2 and BPA decreased VDR gene expression. This effect was not verified in VDR protein expression. In TP2, E2 increased VDR, PDIA3 and CYP27A1 gene expression, and VDR and CYP27A1 protein expression, indicating a compensatory effect over gene expression inhibition in prepubertal age. In TP3, treatments did not change gene expression, indicating that prepubertal age is more susceptible to estrogen exposure. In the second line of work, non-genomic effects of BPA were studied through 45Ca2+ influx in prepubertal rat testis. BPA stimulated 45Ca2+ influx in a similar manner to E2. This effect was independent of classical ERs, consistent with a G protein-coupled receptor mechanism, probably GPER. This effect involves the modulation of ionic channels, such as K+, TRPV1 and Cl- channels. Furthermore, BPA is able to modulate calcium from intracellular storages by inhibiting SERCA and activating IP3 receptor/Ca2+ channels at the endoplasmic reticulum and activate kinase proteins, such as PKA and PKC. The rapid responses of BPA on calcium influx could, in turn, trigger a cross talk by MEK and p38MAPK activation and also mediate genomic responses. In the third line of work, the expression of some genes involved in 1,25-D3 and E2 metabolism and signalling were analysed in Leydig cells. 1,25-D3 decreased CYP27A1 gene expression, an effect that was also observed when cells were coincubated with 1,25-D3 and E2. E2 decreased ESR1 and CYP19 gene expression. Both hormones demonstrated an negative feedback mechanism over their on metabolism in these cells. Non-genomic effects were also studied in these cells, where E2 seems to have an inhibitory effect while 1,25-D3 was able to stimulate calcium influx. From these results we can conclude that 1,25-D3, E2 and BPA have important molecular effects in the male reproductive system, through gene expression control over receptors and enzymes involved in the metabolism of the steroid hormones studied. These results also reinforce the theory that there is a relationship between 1,25-D3 and E2 signalling pathways, as well as 1,25-D3, E2 and BPA also have non-genomic actions in calcium signalling.

Der Schwerpunkt dieser Arbeit liegt auf der Konzeption sowie prototypischen Implementierung eines web-basierten Dashboards zur Softwarevisualisierung. Ziel der Arbeit ist es, ein Dashboard zu entwickeln, welches Informationen eines Softwareprojekts dynamisch aus einer Graphdatenbank visualisiert und Projekteitern aufgabenbezogen zur Entscheidungsunterstützung darstellt. Derzeit existiert keine Softwarelösung, die diesen Anforderungen vollumfänglich gerecht wird. Es existieren jedoch bereits Bibliotheken und Softwaresysteme, welche Teilaspekte zu einer möglichen Gesamtlösung beitragen können. Diese können bei der prototypischen Implementierung von Nutzen sein und müssen daher beachtet werden. Um die Ziele der Arbeit zu erreichen, werden verschiedene Forschungsmethoden angewandt. Es wird eine Literaturrecherche durchgeführt, mit dem Ziel, typische Aufgaben von Projektleitern im Bereich Software Engineering zu identifizieren. Um die vom Dashboard zu unterstützenden Aufgaben ableiten zu können, werden außerdem verschiedene existierende Dashboard-Werkzeuge analysiert. Mithilfe der gewonnenen Ergebnisse wird das Dashboard konzipiert und prototypisch implementiert. Durch eine Fallstudie anhand von Open-Source-Projekten wird das Dashboard abschließend evaluiert.:1 Einleitung 1.1 Motivation und Problemstellung 1.2 Zielstellung 1.3 Methodisches Vorgehen 2 Grundlagen 2.1 Softwarevisualisierung 2.2 jQAssistant 2.3 Neo4j 2.4 Webanwendungen und web-basierte Frameworks 2.5 D3.js 2.6 Dashboards 3 Konzeption 3.1 Mission Statement 3.2 Architekturziele 3.3 Kontextabgrenzung 3.3.1 Fachlicher Kontext 3.3.1.1 Literaturrecherche zu typischen Aufgaben von Projektleitern 3.3.1.2 Analyse existierender Dashboard-Werkzeuge 3.3.1.3 Use-Case-Diagramm der zu unterstützenden Aufgaben 3.3.1.4 Mockups der Benutzungsschnittstelle 3.3.2 Technischer Kontext 3.4 Randbedingungen 3.4.1 Technische Randbedingungen 3.4.2 Organisatorische Randbedingungen 3.5 Risiken und technische Schulden 3.6 Entwurfsentscheidungen 3.6.1 Auswahl des Neo4j-Treibers 3.6.2 Vergleich existierender Webframeworks 3.6.2.1 Angular 3.6.2.2 Backbone.js 3.6.2.3 Ember.js 3.6.2.4 Vue.js 3.6.2.5 React 3.7 Lösungsstrategie 4 Implementierung 4.1 Implementierungskomponenten 4.1.1 CoreUI 4.1.2 Nivo 4.2 Dashboard 4.2.1 Startseite 4.2.2 Einstellungen 4.2.3 Benutzerdefinierte Abfragen 4.2.4 Visualisierungskomponenten 4.2.4.1 Struktur 4.2.4.2 Dateitypen 4.2.4.3 Abhängigkeiten 4.2.4.4 Aktivitäten 4.2.4.5 Wissensverteilung 4.2.4.6 Hotspots 4.2.4.7 Statische Quellcodeanalyse 4.2.4.8 Testabdeckung 4.2.4.9 Erstellung 4.3 Eingesetzte Werkzeuge 4.3.1 Entwicklung und Test 4.3.1.1 Jest 4.3.1.2 Codecov 4.3.1.3 Travis CI 4.3.1.4 Prettier 4.3.1.5 Docker 4.3.2 Installation und Wartung 5 Evaluation 6 Fazit und Ausblick

Olika typer av data används för att användare skall kunna presentera och dra beslut ifrån data, för att lättare förstå datan tillämpas visualisering som ett sätt att göra datan mer läsbar och lättförstådd. När data skall visualiseras på webben kan många olika teknologier användas för att rendera ut datan. I denna studie kommer ramverk för rendering av heatmaps jämföras sett till deras prestanda i form av renderingstid. De två applikationer som utvecklades var D3.js samt Three.js. Dessa jämfördes sedan i ett experiment där mätningar utfördes på de båda teknologierna. Resultatet blev att Three.js var mer lämpat för visualisering av heatmaps på webben.

Webbaserade karttjänster är ett mycket användbart verktyg som används av hela världen. En karta kan hjälpa till med navigering och geografisk datavisualisering. Att skapa en karttjänst går att göra på flertal olika sätt med flera olika verktyg som utnyttjar diverse tekniker. På grund av sin detaljerade utritning och sina animationer så klassas karttjänster som CPU-intensiva och bör därför vara ett bra användningsområde för hårdvaruaccelerering. När man interagerar med en karta så sker mycket utritningar och beräkningar som tros kunna dra nytta av möjligheten till hårdvaruaccelerering. Studien kommer att undersöka hur hårdvaruaccelerering påverkar laddningstid, utritningstid vid zoom och FPS vid interaktion och avgöra om det är värt att använda. Resultatet som erhölls påvisade negativ påverkan vid laddningstid och utritningstid men positiv påverkan på FPS vid interaktion i ett inzoomat läge men negativ påverkan på zoomnivån som är standard. En slutsats kan då dras att hårdvaruaccelerering inte är värt det i denna form av kartapplikation.