Inledning: Att utbilda röntgensjuksköterskestudenter att ta bilder med i första hand konventionell röntgen har alltid varit svårt då man har varit hänvisad till fantomer eller rollspel på grund av strålningen. Med utvecklingen av VR uppkommer dock frågan om det kan bidra som komplement till utbildningen. Syfte: Syftet med uppsatsen var att beskriva om VR kan användas i röntgensjuksköterskeutbildningen. Metod: Studien utfördes som en allmän litteraturöversikt där en kvalitativ och nio kvantitativa vetenskapliga artiklar ingick i analysen efter sökningar i 3 databaser. Resultat: Det mesta pekade på att VR kan vara ett bra komplement i röntgensjuksköterskeutbildningen då studenterna uppvisade större säkerhet i positionering och ökat självförtroende vid bildtagning. Dock upplevdes inlärningskurvan av VR som tidskrävande och behov av mer forskning inom området finns. Resultatet visade även att utbildningsanordnaren måste anpassa och utveckla hur de lär ut. Slutsats: Många studenter är efter avslutade studier osäkra på röntgenbildtagning när de kommer till sin första arbetsplats. Kan användandet av VR i röntgensjuksköterskeutbildningen leda till en högre nivå av självsäkerhet och potentiellt ökad kunskap om positionering får det anses vara fördelaktigt. / Introduction: Teaching radiography students to be able to take good quality x-ray images has always been a problem since they have been referred to phantoms or roleplay given the radiation. With the development of VR, the question has been raised if that could serve as a complement. Aim: The purpose of this study was to describe if VR could be used during radiography education. Method: The study was conducted as a literature review where one qualitative and nine quantitative scientific articles were analysed after searching 3 databases. Result: Most findings point to that VR might be a good compliment to regular radiography education since the students exhibit improved patient positioning and enhanced self-confidence while taking x-ray images. The learning curve with VR was however deemed as somewhat time consuming and more research seems necessary. The result also shows that the provider of the education must adapt and develop the way they teach. Conclusion: Many students feel insecure about x-ray imaging upon starting at their first place of work. If the use of VR in radiography education might raise the level of self-confidence as well as potentially increase the knowledge of positioning it might be considered beneficial.

Problem Based Learning (PBL) has been fully or partly adopted by several medical and dental schools throughout the world, but only few attempts have been made to adjust this method to Distance Learning (DL) environments. It appears that the interaction demands of PBL could not be easily facilitated by the technologies used for DL in the past. The recent introduction of Virtual Learning Environments or Virtual Classrooms, is suggested by many as the development that could allow Distance Learning to utilise highly structured collaborative learning methods such as PBL. A literature review and two pilot studies were undertaken, in an attempt to investigate the possibility of adjusting an existing in-classroom PBL model to Internet-based environments for distance learning. There is a strong need of a conceptual theoretical framework and research results to support the function and effectiveness of distance learning in health education. Drop-out rates are still high in all kinds of distance education. Accreditation, team-work and personal contact, appear to be factors of importance for increasing motivation and minimising drop-out rates in distance learning. During the pilot studies it was evident that both postgraduate and undergraduate students were very positive towards the PBL method, as they experienced it while working over the network. However, it is very difficult to introduce inexperienced students to PBL through distance. Students? competence with computers seems to be an important factor for the success of a virtual classroom and their computer literacy has to be objectively assessed prior to any course. Significant differences were identified between in-classroom and over the Internet communication. These differences, although measured in the quantity of interaction, appear to influence the quality and depth of discussion as well. Tutor involvement was higher in the Internet discussions than the in-classroom ones. It was concluded that an entirely Internet-based PBL course is possible, if properly organised. However, such a model might constitute a compromise over the quality standards of in-classroom PBL, at least with the currently available Internet technology. A hybrid approach, which will combine personal contact with network-based interaction, might be the safest and most beneficial option right now. / <p>Note: The papers are not included in the fulltext online.</p>

Detta arbete syftar till att utveckla ett förslag på ett utbildningsmaterial i form av en programmeringsorienterad fysik- och matematiklaboration. Målgruppen är i förstahand studenter som läser andra terminen i det ingenjörsförberedande programmet Tekniskt basår (KTH), men även studenter på motsvarande kunskapsnivå (tillexempel elever i gymnasiets naturvetenskapliga program). Laborationen konstruerades för att skapa förutsättningar för studenterna att:1) Visa på kritiskt tänkande,2) visa på kollaboration,3) öka ämnesförståelsen. Det föreslagna utbildningsmaterialet omfattar området beräkningsfysik, där en ickelinjärdifferentialekvation härled från en matematisk pendel ska lösas med hjälp avnumeriska metoder. Laborationens uppgifter formulerades med kritiskt tänkande som utgångspunkt och utfördes med parprogrammering som samarbetsform för kollaboration. I detta arbete undersöktes punkter 1) och 2) i en utbildningssituation med elever från andra terminen på Tekniskt basår. Fyra elevgruppers konversationer spelades in och en innehållsanalys utfördes på transkriberingen av ljudinspelningen. En mönsterjämförelsemetod användes för att stärka slutsatserna. Utifrån resultaten av undersökningsprojektet konstaterade vi att den teoretiska propositionen om att laborationskonstruktionen har medverkat till elevernas kollaboration och appliceringav kritiskt tänkande, har stärkts. / This work aims to develop a proposal for educational material in the form of a programming-oriented Physics and Mathematics lab. The target group is mainly students from the second semester in the Technical Preparatory Year program (KTH), but also students of equivalent knowledge level (for example, students in the upper secondary school- natural science program). The lab was designed to create opportunity for students to:1) apply critical thinking, 2) demonstrate collaboration, 3) increase subject understanding. The proposed educational material comprises computational physics, where a non linear differential equation derived from a mathematical pendulum is solved using numerical methods. The exercises in the lab were formulated with critical thinking in mind and pair programming was used as the context for collaboration. In this paper 1) and 2) were investigated in an educational setting with students from the second semester of the Technical Preporatory Year (KTH). The conversations of four student groups were recorded and a content analysis was performed on the transcriptions of the audio recordings. A pattern matching method was used to strengthen the conclusions. Based on the results of the research project, we found that the theoretical proposition that the construction of the laboratory work has contributed to the collaboration and application of critical thinking by the students,has been strengthened.

Detta arbete syftar till att utveckla ett förslag på ett utbildningsmaterial i form av en programmeringsorienterad fysik- och matematiklaboration. Målgruppen är i första hand studenter som läser andra terminen i det ingenjörsförberedande programmet Tekniskt basår (KTH), men även studenter på motsvarande kunskapsnivå (till exempel elever i gymnasiets naturvetenskapliga program). Laborationen konstruerades för att skapa förutsättningar för studenterna att: 1) Visa på kritiskt tänkande, 2) visa på kollaboration, 3) öka ämnesförståelsen. Det föreslagna utbildningsmaterialet omfattar området beräkningsfysik, där en ickelinjär differentialekvation härled från en matematisk pendel ska lösas med hjälp av numeriska metoder. Laborationens uppgifter formulerades med kritiskt tänkande som utgångspunkt och utfördes med parprogrammering som samarbetsform för kollaboration. I detta arbete undersöktes punkter 1) och 2) i en utbildningssituation med elever från andra terminen på Tekniskt basår. Fyra elevgruppers konversationer spelades in och en innehållsanalys utfördes på transkriberingen av ljudinspelningen. En mönsterjämförelsemetod användes för att stärka slutsatserna. Utifrån resultaten av undersökningsprojektet konstaterade vi att den teoretiska propositionen om att laborationskonstruktionen har medverkat till elevernas kollaboration och applicering av kritiskt tänkande, har stärkts. / This work aims to develop a proposal for educational material in the form of a programming-oriented Physics and Mathematics lab. The target group is mainly students from the second semester in the Technical Preparatory Year program (KTH), but also students of equivalent knowledge level (for example, students in the upper secondary school- natural science program). The lab was designed to create opportunity for students to: 1) apply critical thinking, 2) demonstrate collaboration, 3) increase subject understanding. The proposed educational material comprises computational physics, where a nonlinear differential equation derived from a mathematical pendulum is solved using numerical methods. The exercises in the lab were formulated with critical thinking in mind and pair programming was used as the context for collaboration. In this paper 1) and 2) were investigated in an educational setting with students from the second semester of the Technical Preporatory Year (KTH). The conversations of four student groups were recorded and a content analysis was performed on the transcriptions of the audio recordings. A pattern matching method was used to strengthen the conclusions. Based on the results of the research project, we found that the theoretical proposition that the construction of the laboratory work has contributed to the collaboration and application of critical thinking by the students, has been strengthened.