Darbe ištirti veikiančios mažos galios hidroelektrinės generatorių parametrai, įvertinant teorinius skaičiavimus ir eksperimentinių tyrimų rezultatus ir jų priklausomybė nuo vandens debito.Turbina paleidžiama įvairiais režimais, tam kad būtų galima sudaryti P; Q, S grafikų priklausomybę nuo vandens tekėjimo debito. Parodymai nuimami, šešis kartus, turbinai dirbant įvairiuose režimuose, kompiuterio pagalba. Parodymai pridėti prieduose. Ištirta turbinos naudingumo koeficiento priklausomybė nuo vandens debito ir jo įtaka P, Q, S parametrams. Pasinaudojus gautais grafikais nustatytas ekonomiškiausias turbinos darbo režimas. Atlikus grafikų analizę galima teigti, kad esant mažam vandens debitui turbinos dirba neekonomiškai. Turbina gali pradėti dirbti tik nuo 5 . Tai parodo, kad turbinos yra parinktos neekonomiškam darbo režimui. Remiantis tyrimo rezultatais siūloma statyti mažesnės galios turbiną. Pateikti ekonominiai skaičiavimai dirbant turbinai, esant mažai vertei yra nuostolinga. Pagrindinis dėmesys atkreiptas į sanitarinį vandens debitą, kuris yra 0,74 . Esant tokiam vandens debitui siūloma statyti atskirą turbiną kuri dirbtų ekonomiškai ištisus metus. / Darbe ištirti veikiančios mažos galios hidroelektrinės generatorių parametrai, įvertinant teorinius skaičiavimus ir eksperimentinių tyrimų rezultatus ir jų priklausomybė nuo vandens debito.Turbina paleidžiama įviriais režimais, tam kad būtų galima sudaryti P; Q, S grafikų priklausomybę nuo vandens tekėjimo debito. Parodymai nuimami, šešis kartus, turbinai dirbant įvairiuose režimuose, kompiuterio pagalba. Parodymai pridėti prieduose. Ištirta turbinos naudingumo koeficiento priklausomybė nuo vandens debito ir jo įtaka P, Q, S parametrams. Pasinaudojus gautais grafikais nustatytas ekonomiškiausias turbinos darbo režimas. Atlikus grafikų analizę galima teigti, kad esant mažam vandens debitui turbinos dirba neekonomiškai. Turbina gali pradėti dirbti tik nuo 5 . Tai parodo, kad turbinos yra parinktos neekonomiškam darbo režimui. Remiantis tyrimo rezultatais siūloma statyti mažesnės galios turbiną. Pateikti ekonominiai skaičiavimai dirbant turbinai, esant mažai vertei yra nuostolinga. Pagrindinis dėmesys atkreiptas į sanitarinį vandeans debitą, kuris yra 0,74 . Esant tokiam vandens debitui siūloma statyti atskirą turbiną kuri dirbtų ekonomiškai ištisus metus. / Магистранскай работе исследованны параметры турбины малой мочносты, имейя виду теоретические расщёты и экспериментальные результаты о также зависимость их от дебета боды. Турбину запускаем разными режимамы, для того чтобы можно было составить график работ P; Q; S; зависимость от дебета боды. Показания снимаем шесть раз при помощи компютера. Показания приложены к дополниением. Исследован коэфициент полезной деятельности , его зависимость от дебета воды, влияния на P; Q; S; параметры. Установлений самый экономический режим. Турбина может работать только от Это показывает, что не правильно падобраны турбины. Предлагаю ставить меньшей мочносты. Представлены расчеты показывает что работа турбин при малой оценки убыточные. Главное внимание обращено на санитарный дебет, который есть Предлагаю поставить турбину на этот режим. Она работала круглый год.

La protéine kinase activée par AMP (AMPK) est un senseur ubiquitaire du statut énergétique de la cellule eucaryote. Elle est exprimée sous la forme d'un complexe hétérotrimèrique comprenant les sous unités catalytique (α) et régulatrices (β et γ). Ce large complexe protéique (130kDa), fonctionne comme un hub central de la signalisation cellulaire, régulateur du métabolisme énergétique et au-delà. La (dé)régulation de l'AMPK est impliquée dans de nombreuses pathologies et l'AMPK apparait comme une cible de choix pour développer de nouveaux médicaments contre le diabète de type 2. Une fois activée, l'AMPK va restaurer l'homéostasie énergétique en diminuant le métabolisme demandeur d'énergie (anabolisme) et en stimulant le métabolisme produisant le l'énergie (catabolisme). In vivo, l'AMPK est activée par des mécanismes multiples et complexes permettant la fine régulation de son activité lors de différentes situations de stress métaboliques. Premièrement, l'activité de l'AMPK est modulée de manière systémique par phosphorylation et déphosphorylation de la sous unité α (par des kinases et phosphatases en amont respectivement). De plus, l'attachement d'AMP et d'ADP à la sous unité γ augmente la phosphorylation de l'AMPK. Deuxièmement, l'AMPK est activée de manière allostérique par l'AMP qui se lie à sous unité γ lors de chutes du ratio ATP/AMP. Tous ces mécanismes requièrent une communication entre les sous unités α et γ, mais un modèle consensus complet de l'activation de l'AMPK est toujours manquant. Se basant sur différentes études structurales, d'autres et nous-mêmes avons proposé un changement de conformation induit par AMP au sein de l'hétérotrimère AMPK. Afin de mieux élucider ce mécanisme, nous avons tiré profit de ces changements conformationels pour imaginer et créer un hétérotrimère d'AMPK permettant de suivre directement et en temps réel l'état de conformation de l'AMPK par FRET. Une limite importante lors du développement de complexes multiprotéiques est l'augmentation exponentielle de la quantité de travail liée à la modification et la combinaison de nombreux gènes hétérologues lors du remaniement de ces complexes protéiques et de leurs productions. Nous avons utilisé la technologie ACEMBL, qui exploite des techniques de recombinaisons homologues, pour faciliter la révision rapide et itérative de la production et de l'analyse fonctionnelle, après ingénierie, de complexes multi protéiques. Le senseur fluorescent génétiquement codé ainsi crée, et nommé AMPfret, a la propriété de rapporter les changements de conformation induits par les nucléotides ayant lieu au sein de l'AMPK. De plus, les changements de signal FRET corrèlent avec l'activation allostérique de l'AMPK. Le senseur répond à de faible concentrations en AMP (micromolaire) et a démontré la capacité exclusive qu'a l'ATP, et non l'ATP-Mg, à concurrencer l'AMP. De plus, son utilisation a permis une meilleure compréhension du rôle des sites CBS lors de l'activation allostérique. AMPfret peut aussi être considérer comme un outil de choix pour le criblage de molécules ciblant l'AMPK, et pour le monitoring de l'état énergétique intracellulaire. / AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a ubiquitous sensor of cellular energy and nutrient status in eukaryotic cells. It is expressed as heterotrimeric complexes comprising catalytic (α) and regulatory (β and γ) subunits. This large protein complex (130kDa), conserved from yeast to plants and mammals, functions as a central signaling hub and master regulator of energy metabolism and beyond. (Dys)regulation of AMPK signaling has been implicated in various pathologies. In particular, AMPK emerged as a suitable target to develop novel drugs for type II diabetes. Once activated AMPK will attempt to restore the energy homeostasis by down-regulating energy demanding pathways (anabolism) and up-regulating the energy producing ones (catabolism). AMPK is activated in vivo by multiple, complex mechanisms allowing fine tuning of AMPK activity in different situations of metabolic stress. First, AMPK activity is systemically modulated via activating phosphorylation at the α-subunit (by upstream kinases) and inactivating dephosphorylation (by upstream phosphatases). In addition, AMP and ADP binding to the γ-subunit increase AMPK phosphorylation. Second, AMPK is allosterically activated by AMP binding to the γ-subunit when the ATP/AMP ratio is falling. All these mechanisms require close communication between the γ- and α subunits, but a complete consensus model for AMPK activation is still lacking. We and others have proposed an AMP-induced conformational switch within the full-length heterotrimeric AMPK complex based on different, complementary structural studies. To further elucidate this mechanism, we have profited from these structural rearrangements to imagine and engineer an AMPK complex that allows a direct, real-time readout of the AMPK conformational state by fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET). A definite bottleneck in engineering multiprotein complexes is the exponential increase in work-load if several heterologous genes need to be altered, engineered and combined for revised protein complex production experiments. We used the ACEMBL technology which harnesses site-specific and homologous recombination techniques in tandem to facilitate rapid, iterative revision of multi-protein complex expressions after engineering and functional analysis of multiprotein complex. The resulting genetically encoded fluorescent biosensor, named AMPfret, can report conformational changes within the AMPK heterotrimer induced by nucleotide binding and the monitored FRET correlates with AMPK allosteric activation. The sensor responds to low micromolar concentrations of AMP, shows the exclusive ability of ATP, but not Mg-ATP, to compete with AMP, and allows insight into the role of CBS domains for allosteric AMPK activation. It may also be a tool of choice for AMPK targeted drug screening, and reporting the intracellular energy state.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-01T19:18:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 aline.pdf: 524731 bytes, checksum: 1c203d57034615c92964e7377b4aeee3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-06-29 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This research intended to evaluate the law s 10.820/2003 performance, policy implemented in 2003 that regulated payroll debit loans for the employees subordinated to CLT s regimen, retireds and pensioners of the INSS. To perform it, first it was held the identification of the objectives of the policy in study, through the theory of economic policies and the analysis of the previous conjuncture to its implementation. It was noted that, during the period of the law s implementation, the basic interest rate of the economy was high, and it was not possible to reduce it immediately; interest rates to borrowers, therefore, were expressive, considered as a factor limiting the liquidity; the volume of Brazilian credit was reduced (especially when compared to developed countries) and defaults on credit to individuals was a factor that helped to raise its cost, and, finally, the level of consumption in Brazil was low. Three objectives had been identified: the increase of credit for natural person; the increase of the consumption; and the reduction of interest rates. After that, it was made the choice of indices that represented the goals identified and the verification of the results for these indices by March 2007; and evaluation of results against the goals. Four hypotheses had been formulated after the identification of the objectives of the politics: that the credit supply for natural people increased; that the spread had reduced and, consequently, the cost to the borrower; that the consumption had increased and the reduction of the default event. Only three of these hypotheses had been observed; the reduction of the default event hadn t happened, being steady in the observed period. It was concluded that the three objectives of the politcy had been verified, with modest results in the reduction of the interest rates to the borrower / Este trabalho objetivou avaliar a performance da Lei 10.820/2003, medida que entrou em vigor em 2003 e regulamentou o crédito consignado para empregados subordinados ao regime da Consolidação das Leis do Trabalho, aposentados e pensionistas do Instituto Nacional de Seguridade Social, em relação aos seus principais objetivos. Para a avaliação da performance da política primeiramente foi realizada a identificação dos objetivos da política em estudo, dos motivos que levaram o governo a implementar tal medida. Isto foi feito por meio da teoria de políticas econômicas, da análise da medida e da conjuntura anterior à sua implementação. Constatou-se que, no período de implementação da lei, a taxa de juros básica da economia estava elevada, e não era possível sua redução imediata; as taxas de juros ao tomador, conseqüentemente, eram expressivas, consideradas como um fator restritivo à liquidez; o volume de crédito brasileiro era reduzido (principalmente quando comparado a países desenvolvidos) e a inadimplência nas operações de crédito à pessoa física era um fator que auxiliava a elevar seu custo, e, por fim, o nível de consumo no Brasil estava baixo. Assim, foram identificados três objetivos para a política: o aumento no volume de crédito à pessoa física; o aumento do consumo; e a redução das taxas de juros ao tomador. Posteriormente, foi efetuada a escolha de índices que representassem os objetivos identificados e a verificação dos resultados encontrados para estes índices até março de 2007; e a avaliação dos resultados constatados frente aos objetivos. Com base nesses objetivos, foram formulados quatro pressupostos sobre seus resultados: a verificação do aumento no volume de crédito à pessoa física; a redução do spread bancário e, conseqüentemente, do custo ao tomador; a elevação do consumo; e a redução da inadimplência bancária. Dos pressupostos elencados, apenas três se verificaram, visto que a inadimplência bancária permaneceu estável. Concluiu-se que os três objetivos da política se constataram na prática, embora com resultados modestos no aspecto da redução da taxa de juros ao tomador

The letter of credit contract and the collection contract The diploma thesis deals with the topic of the Direct Debit Contract and the Letter of Credit. A Letter of Credit is a special payment instrument issued as a rule by a bank that the principal has undertaken to pay to the person in whose interest the Letter of Credit is open and designated as the authorized amount up to the amount agreed. The Direct Debit is the commitment of the collector of receivables to obtain from the third party a receipt of a sum of money or other Direct Debit. Current legislation, contained in the Civil Code, took over the legal regulation of the Letter of Credit and the Direct Debit from the Commercial Code without any major changes. Both institutes show a number of identical and different elements. From a practical point of view, it is not possible to look for serious application problems in the Letter of Credit or Direct Debit. Keywords: Letter of Credit, Direct Debit, Banking, Bank, Payment Instruments, The Collection Contract

LL.M. / Despite payment cards being of a fairly recent origin,1 these instruments of payment play an increasingly significant role in commerce. With reference to credit cards, Cornelius already in 2003 stated: “They fulfil various functions that are increasingly important at a time that ecommerce is taking off at a tremendous pace.”2 Similarly criminals continuously use more inventive and technologically advanced methods to commit fraud, including counterfeit card fraud. Is the South African criminal law, however, keeping up? The aim of this study is to investigate whether the various activities which form part of the criminal business value chain relating to counterfeit card fraud, with specific reference to bank payment cards, are sufficiently criminalised in South Africa or whether the inability of our criminal law to address the challenges posed by this crime type necessitates the introduction of further legislation. In the first part of the dissertation the South African common and statutory criminal law is investigated in some depth to establish the applicability thereof on the activities forming part of the criminal business value chain relevant to counterfeit card fraud. The appropriateness of certain statutory provisions is questioned and recommendations are made to amend current legislation. An argument is also advanced for further development of the common-law offence of theft to include identity theft and the unlawful copying and subsequent use of data. Brief reference is made to the international situation. Chapter 2 is an introduction to bank payment card fraud in South Africa focusing on the most prevalent forms thereof being card-not-present fraud and counterfeit card fraud. Reference is made to the manner in which offences related to counterfeit card fraud are currently approached in our criminal courts and the limited impact prosecutions has on the prevalence of this fraud type.

Thesis deals with analysis of payment instruments and systems in Czech republic during online shopping and how czech residents perceive them. In the first part is defined e-commerce and jurisdiction of payment systems. Then e-wallets (Paypal, Skrill and Czech alternative PaySec) are described. After that thesis deals with payment buttons and closely related payment agregators(PayU, Agmo, GoPay). Subsequently aquiring of credit cards is delineated. Last section of theoretical part of thesis deals with new method - payments with mobile phones (Mobito, MasterCard Mobile. In second part of thesis - practical part, there is analysed (with the help of primary survey and other provide surveys) actual situation of relation of czech residents to electronic payment instruments and systems focusing on which method are they using while shopping online and how they perceive security of this systems and instruments.

Hypertension artérielle résistante et maladie rénale chronique : Déterminants et risques associésL’hypertension résistante, définie par une pression artérielle au-dessus de la cible en dépit de la prise de trois antihypertenseurs à dose optimale dont un diurétique, est fréquemment associée à la maladie rénale chronique (MRC). Sa prévalence, ses déterminants et l’impact potentiel de la MRC sur son pronostic à long terme sont mal connus, notamment chez le sujet âgé. Dans l’étude des 3 cités, incluant 4262 personnes de plus de 65 ans traitées pour hypertension, la prévalence de l’hypertension apparemment résistante (HTAR) - la notion de traitement à dose optimale étant inconnue - était de 11,8% vs 5,2% chez ceux avec vs sans MRC (définie par une fonction rénale < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2). Nous avons montré que l’apparition d’une HTAR était plus fortement liée à la rapidité du déclin annuel de la fonction rénale qu’à son niveau, indépendamment des autres facteurs de risque : obésité, diabète, sexe masculin, antécédent cardiovasculaire. Comparé au groupe de référence (avec hypertension contrôlée et sans MRC), les personnes avec une HTAR et une MRC n’avaient pas de risque significativement plus élevé de mortalité toute cause, mais avaient deux fois plus de risque d’accident vasculaire cérébral (AVC), létal ou non, et de récurrence d’un AVC ou d’un événement coronaire, et trois fois plus de décès coronaire. Cependant, l’’hypothèse d’un effet aggravant de la MRC sur le pronostic de l’HTAR n’a pas été confirmé (interaction non significative).Dans la cohorte CKD-REIN, incluant plus de 3000 patients avec une MRC modérée ou avancée suivis en néphrologie (âge moyen, 70 ans, 60% d’hommes), nos résultats préliminaires montrent une prévalence élevée d’HTAR, 36,7%, et plusieurs facteurs de risque potentiellement modifiables : adhérence médiocre au traitement, absence de diurétique, consommation de sel en excès, obésité.Dans l’ensemble, ces travaux montrent l’importance de la MRC dans le développement de l’HTAR et des risques cardiovasculaires associés, et suggère des moyens de prévention au-delà des traitements médicamenteux. / Resistant hypertension and chronic kidney disease: Determinants and outcomesResistant hypertension defined as blood pressure above goal despite simultaneous use of 3 antihypertensive classes at optimal doses including a diuretic, is commonly associated with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Resistant hypertension prevalence and determinants, and the impact of CKD on its long term outcomes are poorly known, particularly in the elderly population.In the 3 Cities cohort, including 4262 community-dwelling elderly individuals, aged 65 years or older treated for hypertension, the prevalence of apparent treatment resistant hypertension (aTRH) – because of lack of information on optimal treatment dose – was 11.8% vs 5.2% in those with vs without CKD (defined as estimated glomerular filtration rate < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2). We showed that new-onset aTRH was more strongly related to the speed of kidney function decline than kidney function level itself, independent of other risk factors: male sex, obesity, diabetes, and history of cardiovascular disease. Compared to the reference group (with controlled hypertension and no CKD), participants with aTRH and CKD had no significantly higher risk of all-cause mortality, but had a risk of fatal or non-fatal stroke and of recurrent stroke or coronary events more than twice as high, and of coronary death more than three times higher. However, the hypothesis that CKD may worsen the prognosis of aTRH was not confirmed (no significant interaction).In the CKDREIN cohort, which included more than 3000 nephrology outpatients with moderate or severe CKD (mean age, 70 years, 60% of men), our preliminary results showed a high prevalence of aTRH, 36,7% and several potentially modifiable risk factors : poor treatment adherence, lack of diuretic use, excess salt intake and obesity.Overall, this work shows the importance of CKD in the development of aTRH and associated cardiovascular outcomes, and suggests means for prevention beyond drug therapy.

In this thesis, the pricing of counterparty credit risk on an OTC plain vanilla interest rate swap is investigated. Counterparty credit risk can be defined as the risk that a counterparty in a financial contract might not be able or willing to fulfil their obligations. This risk has to be taken into account in the valuation of an OTC derivative. The market price of the counterparty credit risk is known as the Credit Value Adjustment (CVA). In a bilateral contract, such as a swap, the party’s own creditworthiness also has to be taken into account, leading to another adjustment known as the Debit Value Adjustment (DVA). Since 2013, the international accounting standards (IFRS) states that these adjustments have to be done in order to reflect the fair value of an OTC derivative. A short background and the derivation of CVA and DVA is presented, including related topics like various risk mitigation techniques, hedging of CVA, regulations etc.. Four different pricing frameworks are compared, two more sophisticated frameworks and two approximative approaches. The most complex framework includes an interest rate model in form of the LIBOR Market Model and a credit model in form of the Cox-Ingersoll- Ross model. In this framework, the impact of dependencies between credit and market risk factors (leading to wrong-way/right-way risk) and the dependence between the default time of different parties are investigated. / I den här uppsatsen har prissättning av motpartsrisk för en OTC ränteswap undersökts. Motpartsrisk kan definieras som risken att en motpart i ett finansiellt kontrakt inte har möjlighet eller viljan att fullfölja sin del av kontraktet. Motpartsrisken måste tas med I värderingen av ett OTC-derivat. Marknadspriset på motpartrisken är känt som Credit Value Adjustment (CVA). I ett bilateralt kontrakt, t.ex. som en swap, måste även den egna kreditvärdighet tas med i värderingen, vilket leder till en justering som är känd som Debit Value Adjustment (DVA). Sedan 2013 skall, enligt den internationella redovisningsstandarden (IFRS), dessa prisjusteringar göras vid redovisningen av värdet för ett OTC derivat. En kort bakgrund samt härledningen av CVA och DVA ar presenterade tillsammans med relaterade ämnen. Fyra olika metoder för att beräkna CVA har jämförts, två mer sofistikerade metoder och två approximativa metoder. I den mest avancerade metoden används en räntemodell i form av LIBOR Market Model samt en kreditmodell i form av en Cox-Ingersoll-Ross modell. I den här metoden undersöks även påverkan av CVA då det existerar beroenden mellan marknads

Contexte et objectifs. Depuis plusieurs années, la criminalité économique génère des coûts économiques et sociaux importants. Plusieurs acteurs, dont les entreprises privées, se sont mobilisés pour lutter contre ce phénomène. La fraude par carte de débit est un crime économique en expansion contre lequel plusieurs organisations ont entrepris des actions. L’objectif de ce mémoire est d’améliorer les connaissances sur les effets des mesures de prévention situationnelle appliquées dans les succursales d’un commerce de détail et leur impact sur le processus décisionnel des délinquants impliquées dans le clonage de cartes de débit. Méthodologie. Les effets des mesures de prévention mises en place sont évalués à l’aide d’analyses de séries chronologiques interrompues. En complément des analyses statistiques, des entrevues et une analyse documentaire sont effectuées. Les entrevues sont réalisées avec des enquêteurs du service de sécurité de l’entreprise de commerce de détail. L’analyse documentaire est basée sur les rapports d’événement ouverts lors des fraudes par carte de débit. Résultats. Les mesures de prévention ont produit différents effets. Selon la mesure, il fut possible de constater soit une hausse ou une baisse dans le nombre de délits commis. Certaines mesures ont, en outre, provoqué un déplacement spatial, un déplacement dans le choix de la cible, un déplacement dans le type de crime commis et, finalement, un déplacement tactique. Conclusion. Les résultats suggèrent que les mesures de prévention adoptées ont empêché la réalisation des délits associés à la fraude par carte de débit. Par contre, la présence de plusieurs formes de déplacement indique que les fraudeurs se sont adaptés aux mesures de prévention. Afin de documenter adéquatement cette forme de crime et les déplacements générés, d’autres études s’avèrent nécessaires. / Context and objectives. Each year, economic crimes generate important economic and social losses. Many enterprises, including private enterprises, collaborated and introduced initiatives in order to combat this criminality. Fraud using automated payment cards is a crime in full expansion against which many organizations have taken actions. The objective of this dissertation is, on one hand, to improve the knowledge on the impact of preventive measures implemented in the branches of a retailer and, on the other hand, to estimate their impact on the criminal decision-making process. Methodology. The effect of preventive measures is assessed through interrupted time series analysis. In addition, members the retailer security staff were interviewed and a review of event reports associated with debit card fraud was performed. Results. The preventive measures were associated to various results. Depending on the preventive measure, one can observe either an increase or a decrease in the number of crimes performed. It is also observed that some measures have resulted in tactical and spatial displacements. Some offenders have also started to commit other types of crimes. Conclusion. The results suggest that the preventive measures implemented had a significant preventive effect on debit card crimes. However, the presence of many types of displacement shows that the offenders have adjusted to those preventive measures. In order to properly document this type of crime and associated displacements, additional studies are necessary.

Submitted by Adriana Alves Rodrigues (aalves@espm.br) on 2018-10-04T16:08:42Z No. of bitstreams: 1 tabata_alves_ferreiravfinal_capa.pdf: 1312792 bytes, checksum: e19b9bf15fa909eb53b94f79214c0868 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Alves Rodrigues (aalves@espm.br) on 2018-10-04T16:09:08Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 tabata_alves_ferreiravfinal_capa.pdf: 1312792 bytes, checksum: e19b9bf15fa909eb53b94f79214c0868 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Debora Cristina Bonfim Aquarone (deborabonfim@espm.br) on 2018-10-04T18:47:06Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 tabata_alves_ferreiravfinal_capa.pdf: 1312792 bytes, checksum: e19b9bf15fa909eb53b94f79214c0868 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-10-04T18:47:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 tabata_alves_ferreiravfinal_capa.pdf: 1312792 bytes, checksum: e19b9bf15fa909eb53b94f79214c0868 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-05-24 / The dynamics of the payment card market is linked to a number of factors, including socioeconomic and institutional factors, in this work expressed by the economic and government regulation of countries. Because it is an industry subject to market, government interventions tend to be necessary for better functioning of the sector. The objective of this study is to study the relationship between and government regulation with the development of the countries: Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Mexico and Peru. The method of adopted is based on a panel data regression model. The bases used are from secondary data extracted from The Heritage Foundation and Euromonitor International, as well as information collected from the Central Banks and electronic media of these countries, between 2002 and 2016. The results obtained with the fixed effects model allow us to conclude that the variables Socioeconomic variables, per capita GDP and Gini index have statistical significance and affect payment card transactions in the countries studied here, the institutional variables "Economic Freedom (EF)", "Government Regulation (REG), have no effect on the growth of card transactions in the countries studied during the period considered in this analysis. / A dinâmica do mercado de cartões de pagamento está ligada a diversos fatores, incluindo socioeconômicos e institucionais, nesse trabalho expressos pela liberdade econômica e regulação governamental dos países. Por se tratar de uma indústria sujeita a falhas de mercado, intervenções governamentais tendem a ser necessárias para um melhor funcionamento do setor. O objetivo desse trabalho é estudar a relação entre liberdade econômica e regulação governamental com o desenvolvimento do mercado de cartões de pagamento dos países: Argentina, Brasil, Chile, Colômbia, México e Peru. O método de pesquisa adotado baseia-se em um modelo de regressão de dados em painel. As bases utilizadas são de dados secundários extraídos da The Heritage Foundation e da Euromonitor International, assim como informações coletadas dos Bancos Centrais e das mídias sociais eletrônicas desses países, no período entre 2002 e 2016. Os resultados obtidos com o modelo de efeitos fixos permitem concluir que as variáveis socioeconômicas PIB Per Capita e Índice de Gini têm significância estatística e afetam o crescimento das transações com cartões de pagamento nos países aqui estudados, porém as variáveis institucionais “Liberdade Econômica (EF)”, “Regulação Governamental (REG), não apresentam nenhum efeito sobre o crescimento das transações com cartões de pagamento nos países estudados durante o período considerado nessa análise.