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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Use of a novel enhancer capture construct in the analysis of imaginal disc development in Drosophila melanogaster

Russell, Claire January 1995 (has links)
No description available.
2

DECREASED SOUND TOLERANCE (DST): PREVALENCE, CLINICAL CORRELATES, AND DEVELOPMENT OF A DST ASSESSMENT INSTRUMENT

Cash, Therese Verkerke 01 January 2015 (has links)
Decreased sound tolerance (DST) conditions, including misophonia and hyperacusis, are emerging clinical conditions in behavioral medicine. Misophonia involves an extreme emotional response (often anger, disgust, or annoyance) to specific sounds (such as people chewing, swallowing, tapping their foot on the floor, etc.), while hyperacusis is defined by high sensitivity to sounds below normal sound sensitivity thresholds. Although research on these DST conditions is increasing, clearly defined prevalence rates, associations with other mental health conditions, and development of assessment tools that can identify and differentiate DST symptoms are needed. Research and clinical reports also suggest that DST problems are more likely to occur in individuals affected by tinnitus, and that drawing upon a bio-psychosocial conceptualization of tinnitus and other behavioral medicine conditions may be useful in understanding and treating DST conditions. This cross-sectional survey study was administered to college student (N=451) and community adult (N=375) samples and investigated DST prevalence rates, clinical correlates, and risk factors and mechanisms of action for misophonia and hyperacusis. In addition, the study developed and validated a new scale to identify misophonia and hyperacusis type sound sensitivity. Nearly 35% of individuals surveyed reported some degree of general auditory sensitivity, with 15-63% endorsing misophonia symptoms, and 17-26% endorsing hyperacusis symptoms, with rates depending on assessment method. Moderate to strong correlations were found between DST conditions and other mental and physical health conditions, including obsessive compulsive disorder, autism-spectrum traits, anxiety, depression, social phobia, medical conditions, and somatic and neurobehavioral symptoms. Mediation models revealed that the process by which misophonia symptoms become clinically significant and functionally impairing is partially mediated by amplification of bodily sensations and anxiety sensitivity. Risk factors for functional impairment related to misophonia symptoms were identified in moderation analyses and included neuroticism, synesthesia, and sensory sensitivity. An assessment instrument, the DST-10, and its subscales the Loudness Sensitivity Scale and Human Sounds Scale, was subjected to exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis and initial evidence for construct validity was demonstrated. This study was the first to assess hyperacusis, misophonia, and tinnitus rates in large general population samples and provides initial support for conceptualizing DST problems as behavioral medicine conditions.
3

The effect of · iron supplementation on maximal oxygen consumption in boys aged 9 11 years with iron deficiency and anaemia

Leach, Lloyd Llewellyn January 1993 (has links)
Magister Artium (Human Ecology) - MA(HE) / Iron deficiency anaemia is the most common abnormality of the blood in childhood (Karabus 1987). If the quantity of iron lost by the body exceeds iron intake, the body will draw on its iron reserves to counterbalance this deficit. However, the continuance of an iron imbalance will eventually lead to a reduction in body iron stores. Because iron forms an integral component of the oxygen transport mechanism of the body, it is understandable that the functional capacity of this system will be compromised under conditions of iron deficiency. A deficit in oxygen transport capacity will presumably indicate a decreased capacity to persevere in the face of continuing strenuous physical activity. The decrement in physical aerobic working capacity (maximal oxygen consumption) will largely be indicative of the decrease in oxygen transport capacity. Routine haemoglobin determinations carried out in the outpatient department of the Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital in Cape Town showed that many Coloured and African pre-schoolgoing children had abnormally low haemoglobin levels which occurred as a manifestation of iron deficiency anaemia (Lanzkowsky 1961). In another similar but more recent study also in the Cape Peninsula, Lamparelli et al. (1988) showed that the prevalence of iron deficiency anaemia in Coloured and African children was 15.5 % and 36.0 %, respectively . In this study, the condition of iron deficiency anaemia was particularly pronounced in urban Coloured children. In both these studies done in the Western Cape, the majority of Coloured children were classified as coming from the lowest socioeconomic income group in the community. In the majority of studies concerning the relationship between socioeconomic status and iron deficiency anaemia, it is often stated that low socioeconomic circumstances are significantly correlated to low blood haemoglobin levels (Expert Scientific Working Group 1985; Lanzkowsky 1959; Lanzkowsky 1961; World Health Organization 1972; World Health Organization 1975).
4

Exercise training decreases breathlessness in patients with coronary artery disease / Decreases in breathlessness with training

Langford, Stephen 04 1900 (has links)
The functional capacity of patients with coronary artery disease is often limited by breathlessness. The intensity of breathlessness is primarily determined by respiratory muscle effort, which increases as the pressures generated by the inspiratory muscles approach maximum capacity. Exercise training can potentially decrease breathlessness by inducing adaptations that reduce the ventilatory demand and increase the maximum capacity of the respiratory muscles. This study examines the extent to which the physiological adaptations occurring with exercise training contribute to reductions in breathlessness in patients with coronary artery disease. The pre- and post-training results were compared in 21 patients participating in the McMaster University Cardiac Rehabilitation program. Respiratory parameters were measured at rest and during a progressive maximal exercise test. The intensity of breathlessness was measured by psychophysical techniques using the Borg scale. Following training, the capacity to generate maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP), maximal expiratory pressure (MEP), and maximum inspiratory flow (Vimax) improved by 22%, 18% and 5%, respectively, with no significant change in vital capacity, forced expiratory volume in one second and maximum expiratory flow. Exercise capacity improved by 14%, with an 11% decrease in the maximum intensity of breathlessness experienced. Although maximum ventilation (Ve) did not change significantly, Ve per unit workload decreased by 10% and breathlessness per unit Ve decreased by 13%. At the highest similar workload between the 2 tests (850 kpm), breathlessness decreased by 34%, with a 19% reduction in Ve. Breathing frequency, mean inspiratory flow (Vt/Ti), inspiratory flow generated during exercise in relation to maximum inspiratory flow (Vi%max), and time of inspiration in relation to total duty cycle (Ti%Ttot) decreased significantly by 20%, 15%, 20% and 4%, respectively. The decreases in breathlessness were significantly related to the reduction in ventilation associated with training. A significant decrease in breathlessness remained after removing the variance accounted for by Ve, reflecting the improvements in respiratory muscle performance. The decreases in breathlessness were better correlated with improvements in the dynamic measure of Vimax than the static measure of MIP. The decreases in breathlessness were best correlated to the changes in Vi%max, which accounts for decreases in ventilatory demand and increases in respiratory muscle performance. Decreases in breathlessness primarily occurred in patients who achieved a training effect. Exercise training decreases breathlessness in patients with coronary artery disease largely through decreases in Ve, with improvements in respiratory muscle performance contributing to a lesser degree. / Thesis / Master of Science (MSc)
5

Associação da função pulmonar em estudantes do ensino fundamental com a qualidade do ar nas cidades de Atibaia e Cubatão / Association of lung function in elementary school students with air quality in the cities of Cubatão and Atibaia

Guanabara, Ana Paula de Siqueira 21 November 2011 (has links)
Introdução: As disfunções respiratórias agudas por exposição à poluição atmosférica afetam a principalmente crianças e idosos. Estes grupos são mais vulneráveis, apresentando quadros de morbidade e mortalidade em função dos efeitos dos poluentes sobre a função respiratória. A qualidade do ar que respiramos tem sido de grande interesse científico, para que se possa minimizar os impactos da poluição sobre a saúde da população. Atualmente, sabe-se que os poluentes atmosféricos estão associados a uma grande variedade de sintomas, disfunções e doenças agudas e crônicas. Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar a associação entre poluição atmosférica e alterações da função pulmonar em crianças do ensino fundamental nas cidades Cubatão e Atibaia. Método: O método aplicado foi subdividido em fases. Inicialmente foi realizada mensuração de PTS, MP10 e O3 na cidade de Atibaia, para caracterização da concentração destes poluentes na região central do município e comparação com as concentrações da estação da CETESB Cubatão/Centro. Na seqüência foram aplicados questionários de sintomas respiratórios em ambos os municípios, em estudantes do ensino fundamental. Por ultimo foram realizados os testes espirométricos para verificar a função respiratória dos participantes. Resultados: Os resultados das medidas de concentração de poluentes em Atibaia indicam uma boa qualidade do ar. A média mensurada respectivamente foram de 36,25 µg/m para PTS, 30,04 µg/m para MP10 e de O 474 µg/m demonstrando que a qualidade do ar é Boa. As concentrações médias encontradas em Atibaia foram comparadas com àquelas observadas em Cubatão no mesmo período. As concentrações em Cubatão mostraram-se mais elevadas. Os resultados do questionário sócio clínico e de sintomas respiratórios mostraram após análise estatística, que ser portador de doença respiratória associada com causa pré-existente foi mais comum em Atibaia. Os sintomas respiratórios das vias aéreas se manifestaram de forma semelhante nas duas cidades. Na espirometria foi evidenciado o distúrbio ventilatório restritivo com significância em Cubatão (p<0,05). Este resultado teve significância ainda maior quanto ao decréscimo da função respiratória ao se constatar que a presença da alteração do teste de espirometria em crianças não portadoras de doenças respiratórias foi maior em Cubatão, na análise estatística obteve-se OR = 8,25 e p=0,007. Conclusão: Conclui-se que a exposição a poluentes atmosféricos, principalmente O3 e PM10 causa disfunção respiratória e pode ser responsável pela morbidade de crianças com idade de 6 a 12 anos na cidade de Cubatão, e que morar nesta cidade aumenta o risco de desenvolver doenças respiratórias / Introduction : Acute respiratory disorders from exposure to air pollution mainly affects children and elderlies. These groups are most vulnerable, showing pictures of morbidity and mortality due to the effects of pollutants on respiratory function. The quality of air we breathe is of great scientific interest, so you can minimize the impacts of pollution on health. Currently, it is known that air pollutants are associated with a variety of symptoms, disorders and acute and chronic diseases. Objective: The objective of this study was to assess the association between air pollution and lung function changes in elementary school children in the cities and Atibaia Cubatão. Method: The method used was divided into phases. Measurements of PTS, PM10 and O3 in the city of Atibaia were performed, to characterize the concentration of pollutants in the central city and compared to the concentrations of CETESB Cubatão station / center. Questionnaires were administered in the sequence of respiratory symptoms in both towns, with all participants, elementary school students. Finally spirometric tests were performed to verify the participants\' respiratory function. Results: The results of the measures of concentration of pollutants in Atibaia indicate good air quality, respectively the average measured was 36.25 mg/m3 for TSP, PM10 30.04 µg/m3 to 474 µg/m3 O3 showed that the air quality is good. The average concentrations found in Atibaia were compared with those observed in Cubatão the same period. Concentrations in Cubatão were more elevated. The results of clinical and social questionnaire of respiratory symptoms after statistical analysis showed that being a carrier of respiratory disease associated with pre-existing cause was more common in Atibaia. Symptoms of respiratory airways expressed similarly in both cities. Spirometry was evidenced in restrictive ventilatory disorder with significance in Cubatão (p <0.05), this result has even greater significance as the decrease in lung function in children not suffering from diseases breathing was higher in Cubatão in the statistical analysis we obtained OR = 8.25 and p = 0.007. Conclusion: Exposure to air pollutants, especially PM10 and O3 cause impairment of respiratory function and may be responsible for morbidity of children aged 6 to 12 years in the city of Cubatao, living in this city increases the risk of developing respiratory diseases
6

Associação da função pulmonar em estudantes do ensino fundamental com a qualidade do ar nas cidades de Atibaia e Cubatão / Association of lung function in elementary school students with air quality in the cities of Cubatão and Atibaia

Ana Paula de Siqueira Guanabara 21 November 2011 (has links)
Introdução: As disfunções respiratórias agudas por exposição à poluição atmosférica afetam a principalmente crianças e idosos. Estes grupos são mais vulneráveis, apresentando quadros de morbidade e mortalidade em função dos efeitos dos poluentes sobre a função respiratória. A qualidade do ar que respiramos tem sido de grande interesse científico, para que se possa minimizar os impactos da poluição sobre a saúde da população. Atualmente, sabe-se que os poluentes atmosféricos estão associados a uma grande variedade de sintomas, disfunções e doenças agudas e crônicas. Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar a associação entre poluição atmosférica e alterações da função pulmonar em crianças do ensino fundamental nas cidades Cubatão e Atibaia. Método: O método aplicado foi subdividido em fases. Inicialmente foi realizada mensuração de PTS, MP10 e O3 na cidade de Atibaia, para caracterização da concentração destes poluentes na região central do município e comparação com as concentrações da estação da CETESB Cubatão/Centro. Na seqüência foram aplicados questionários de sintomas respiratórios em ambos os municípios, em estudantes do ensino fundamental. Por ultimo foram realizados os testes espirométricos para verificar a função respiratória dos participantes. Resultados: Os resultados das medidas de concentração de poluentes em Atibaia indicam uma boa qualidade do ar. A média mensurada respectivamente foram de 36,25 µg/m para PTS, 30,04 µg/m para MP10 e de O 474 µg/m demonstrando que a qualidade do ar é Boa. As concentrações médias encontradas em Atibaia foram comparadas com àquelas observadas em Cubatão no mesmo período. As concentrações em Cubatão mostraram-se mais elevadas. Os resultados do questionário sócio clínico e de sintomas respiratórios mostraram após análise estatística, que ser portador de doença respiratória associada com causa pré-existente foi mais comum em Atibaia. Os sintomas respiratórios das vias aéreas se manifestaram de forma semelhante nas duas cidades. Na espirometria foi evidenciado o distúrbio ventilatório restritivo com significância em Cubatão (p<0,05). Este resultado teve significância ainda maior quanto ao decréscimo da função respiratória ao se constatar que a presença da alteração do teste de espirometria em crianças não portadoras de doenças respiratórias foi maior em Cubatão, na análise estatística obteve-se OR = 8,25 e p=0,007. Conclusão: Conclui-se que a exposição a poluentes atmosféricos, principalmente O3 e PM10 causa disfunção respiratória e pode ser responsável pela morbidade de crianças com idade de 6 a 12 anos na cidade de Cubatão, e que morar nesta cidade aumenta o risco de desenvolver doenças respiratórias / Introduction : Acute respiratory disorders from exposure to air pollution mainly affects children and elderlies. These groups are most vulnerable, showing pictures of morbidity and mortality due to the effects of pollutants on respiratory function. The quality of air we breathe is of great scientific interest, so you can minimize the impacts of pollution on health. Currently, it is known that air pollutants are associated with a variety of symptoms, disorders and acute and chronic diseases. Objective: The objective of this study was to assess the association between air pollution and lung function changes in elementary school children in the cities and Atibaia Cubatão. Method: The method used was divided into phases. Measurements of PTS, PM10 and O3 in the city of Atibaia were performed, to characterize the concentration of pollutants in the central city and compared to the concentrations of CETESB Cubatão station / center. Questionnaires were administered in the sequence of respiratory symptoms in both towns, with all participants, elementary school students. Finally spirometric tests were performed to verify the participants\' respiratory function. Results: The results of the measures of concentration of pollutants in Atibaia indicate good air quality, respectively the average measured was 36.25 mg/m3 for TSP, PM10 30.04 µg/m3 to 474 µg/m3 O3 showed that the air quality is good. The average concentrations found in Atibaia were compared with those observed in Cubatão the same period. Concentrations in Cubatão were more elevated. The results of clinical and social questionnaire of respiratory symptoms after statistical analysis showed that being a carrier of respiratory disease associated with pre-existing cause was more common in Atibaia. Symptoms of respiratory airways expressed similarly in both cities. Spirometry was evidenced in restrictive ventilatory disorder with significance in Cubatão (p <0.05), this result has even greater significance as the decrease in lung function in children not suffering from diseases breathing was higher in Cubatão in the statistical analysis we obtained OR = 8.25 and p = 0.007. Conclusion: Exposure to air pollutants, especially PM10 and O3 cause impairment of respiratory function and may be responsible for morbidity of children aged 6 to 12 years in the city of Cubatao, living in this city increases the risk of developing respiratory diseases
7

The sound of rage : the perceived impact of misophonia on daily life and relationships

Morales Gutiérrez, Silvia Estela January 2023 (has links)
Misophonia is a condition characterized by a strong physiological, emotional, and behaviouralresponse to specific auditory stimuli, which have a significant negative impact on the wellbeingof affected individuals. The present investigation focuses on emotional dysregulation, which arises due to the triggering of specific auditory stimuli. Individuals with misophoniastruggle to regulate their emotions when exposed to sounds, leading to emotional reactions, including anger, anxiety, disgust, avoidance behaviour, fight or flight, and feeling overwhelmed. These reactions might even lead to violent impulses directed towards the source of the sound. Despite its growing recognition, little is yet known about misophonia, and experts have not established any clear boundaries or criteria for the condition to be considered adisorder. As such, it is not yet included in any classification systems for disorders. The aim of this study is to understand how individuals with misophonia experience emotional dysregulation, how do they describe their experience, what is it like to live with misophonia ona day-to-day basis, and how do individuals understand and cope with emotional dysregulation caused by misophonia? The study utilized a qualitative approach with semi-structured interviews as the data collection method. Thematic analysis was used to identify patterns and themes within the data. Participants stated that misophonia causes significant distress and disruption impacting emotional well-being and daily functioning. Validation of this new condition can be very helpful and make a positive impact in their social circle, and that lack of awareness and effective treatment may hold back seeking professional help.
8

Estudo do desempenho fermentivo da levedura kluyveromyces marxianus atcc 36907 com auxílio de modelagem fenomenológica / Study of yield performance of kluyveromyces marxianus atcc 36907 yeast by phenomenological modeling support

Tavares, Bruna 20 February 2017 (has links)
Submitted by Edineia Teixeira (edineia.teixeira@unioeste.br) on 2017-09-05T14:43:57Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Bruna_Tavares2017.pdf: 2153442 bytes, checksum: ea6c6cfdeca0f49e80dfdd1246cc0ea3 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-09-05T14:43:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Bruna_Tavares2017.pdf: 2153442 bytes, checksum: ea6c6cfdeca0f49e80dfdd1246cc0ea3 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-20 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / Kluyveromyces marxianus yeast has been arousing importance in the Biotechnology area due to its high metabolic diversity and high degree of polymorphism. Its potentialities have been under study for several applications such as enzymes production of great interest in the food industry such as β-galactosidases, β-glucosidase and polygalactosidase, in the production of aromatic compounds and higher alcohols such as phenyl ethanol, also in biorefineries to produce the second generation ethanol. This yeast has great interest due to bioethanol production and its ability on assimilating different carbohydrates from lignocellulosic biomass as well as its broad spectrum of thermotolerance. Cellulosic ethanol has been presented as a possibility for increasing yield in sugarcane mills and as one of the alternatives to decrease the crisis that affects this sector. Sugarcane biomass, just like all lignocellulosic material, is formed by three main fractions: cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin. The lignocellulosic fiber, after going through pretreatments for separation and break this complex, originates fermentable sugars that can be biotransformed into ethanol. Acid hydrolysis pretreatment is a well-established process, in which monomers are released, and xylose is released from hemicellulose in higher rate, in order to obtain the cellulignin. After biomass delignification, cellulose must be submitted to acid hydrolysis or enzymatic processes to solubilize glucose. Enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation can occur separately (SHF) or simultaneously (SSF), and this last one has an advantage of performing these two steps in the same reactor. Furthermore, this process requires thermotolerant yeasts able to withstand near to 50 °C, an optimized range for cellulase performance. In addition, another obstacle to produce ethanol is its accumulation in the medium, leading to inhibition by the product during the fermentation process and toxicity for the yeast. K. marxianus yeast has interesting metabolic characteristics that are able of overcoming such difficulties during cellulosic ethanol production. So, it requires more studies, since there is no knowledge about the optimal initial concentrations of substrate for ethanol production by this yeast and on its endurance to the product. Thus, this trial aims at evaluating the fermentative behavior of K. marxianus ATCC 36907 yeast in semi-defined medium with variations in substrate and temperature concentrations using phenomenological modeling, as well as evaluating the effect of ethanol removal on its fermentative activity. In the first step of this trial, fermentations were obtained in a shaking incubator using a semi-defined medium supplemented with peptone, malt extract and yeast extract, with variations in glucose concentrations (50, 120 and 190 g L-1) and temperature (30, 35, 40 and 45 °C). The experimental results were put mathematically together to obtain a theoretical model of the process by the phenomenological modeling with Scilab software. The obtained models represented satisfactorily cell development curves, substrate consumption and ethanol production. The optimization ethanol fermentation process indicated 40 °C as temperature and a substrate concentration of 90 g L-1 to maximize the product concentration, resulting in an average of 22.5 g L-1 ethanol and 0.24 g g-1 yield. During its second step, the fermentations were carried out in triplicates under the optimized conditions in a 1.2-L volume fermenter. Control fermentations were carried out in triplicate without ethanol extraction by vacuum and fed after 36 hours, while the other fermentations, also in triplicate, were carried out under the same conditions, but with the product extraction by vacuum. After the first 36-hour cycle, ethanol concentration was 34.13 g L-1 (YP/S 0.38 g g-1 and QP 0.94 g L-1 h-1), reaching 40.90 g L -1 ethanol (YP/S 0.18 g g-1 and QP 0.43 g L-1 h-1) at the end of the second cycle. A different behavior was observed in the control experiment, in which ethanol production occurred in the first cycle (36.37 g L-1, YP/S 0.4 g g-1 and QP 1.01 g L-1 h-1), whereas in the second cycle, the substrate consumption was 8% and ethanol production was not observed. The phenomenological modeling showed that the experimental data were better represented by the model that took into account the occurrence of a latency phase at ix the beginning of the second cycle and strongly indicated a metabolism inhibition by product accumulation. K. marxianus yeast recovered its fermentative metabolism and produced ethanol again, demonstrating the relevant role of product removal in improving such process. / A levedura Kluyveromyces marxianus vem despertando interesse na área da Biotecnologia por sua grande diversidade metabólica e elevado grau de polimorfismo. Suas potencialidades estão sendo investigadas para diversas aplicações, como a produção de enzimas de interesse do setor alimentício como as β-galactosidases, β-glucosidase e poli-galactosidase, na produção de compostos aromáticos e álcoois superiores como o fenil-etanol e, também, no setor das biorrefinarias na produção de etanol de segunda geração. Assim, essa levedura torna-se interessante para a produção de bioetanol devido à capacidade em assimilar diferentes carboidratos da biomassa lignocelulósica, e ao seu amplo espectro de termotolerância. O etanol celulósico desponta como uma possibilidade para o aumento da produtividade nas usinas sucroalcooleiras e como uma das alternativas para aliviar a crise que afeta o setor. A biomassa da cana-de-açúcar, um subproduto da indústria sucroalcooleira, como todo o material lignocelulósico, é formada por três frações principais: celulose, hemicelulose e lignina. As fibras lignocelulósicas após passarem por pré-tratamentos para a separação e quebra desse complexo originam açúcares fermentescíveis que podem ser biotransformados em etanol. O pré-tratamento por hidrólise ácida é um processo bem estabelecido, em que há a liberação de monômeros, em maior proporção a xilose, a partir da hemicelulose, tendo em vista a obtenção de celulignina. Após a deslignificação, a celulose deve ser submetida a processos de hidrólise ácida ou enzimática para a solubilização da glicose. A hidrólise enzimática e a fermentação podem ocorrer separadamente (SHF) ou de forma simultânea (SSF), tendo esta última a vantagem de realizar essas duas etapas no mesmo reator. Por outro lado, a condução desse processo requer leveduras termotolerantes capazes de suportar temperaturas próximas de 50ºC, faixa otimizada para atuação das celulases. Além disso, outro entrave para a produção de etanol é o seu acúmulo no meio, o qual acarreta na inibição pelo produto durante o processo fermentativo e toxicidade para as leveduras utilizadas. A levedura K. marxianus possui características metabólicas interessantes capazes de superar tais dificuldades encontradas na produção de etanol celulósico. Porém, são necessários maiores estudos, uma vez que não se tem conhecimento sobre as concentrações iniciais ótimas de substrato para a produção de etanol pela levedura e sobre sua tolerância ao produto. Por essa razão, este trabalho teve como objetivos avaliar o comportamento fermentativo da levedura K. marxianus ATCC 36907 em meio semi-definido, com variações nas concentrações de substrato (glicose) e temperatura utilizando a modelagem fenomenológica bem como avaliar o efeito da remoção de etanol sobre sua atividade fermentativa. Na primeira etapa do trabalho, as fermentações foram conduzidas em incubadora com agitação pelo emprego do meio semidefinido suplementado com peptona, extrato de malte e extrato de levedura, com variações nas concentrações de glicose (50, 120 e 190 g L-1) e temperatura (30, 35, 40 e 45 ºC). Os resultados experimentais foram agregados matematicamente para obtenção de um modelo teórico do processo por meio de modelagem fenomenológica com auxílio do software Scilab. Os modelos obtidos representaram, de forma satisfatória, as curvas de crescimento celular, consumo de substrato e produção de etanol. O processo de otimização da fermentação etílica indicou a utilização da temperatura de 40 ºC e concentração de substrato de 90 g L-1 para maximização da concentração de produto, com isso, foram obtidos, em média, 22,5 g L-1 de etanol e rendimento de 0,24 g g-1. Na segunda etapa do trabalho, as fermentações foram conduzidas em triplicatas nas condições otimizadas em fermentador com volume de 1,2 L. As fermentações-controle foram realizadas em triplicata sem a extração de etanol por vácuo e alimentadas após 36 horas. Todavia, as outras fermentações, também em triplicata, foram conduzidas nas mesmas condições, porém com extração do produto por vácuo. Nas fermentações com vácuo, após o primeiro ciclo de 36 horas, a concentração de etanol foi de 34,13 g L-1 (YP/S 0,38 g g -1 e QP 0,94 g L-1 h-1), atingindo 40,90 g L -1 de etanol (YP/S 0,18 g g-1 e QP 0,43 g L-1 h-1) no final do segundo ciclo. vii Um comportamento diferente foi observado no experimento controle, no qual a produção de etanol ocorreu apenas no primeiro ciclo (36,37 g L-1, YP/S 0,4 g g-1 e QP 1,01 g L-1 h-1), enquanto no segundo ciclo o consumo do substrato foi de apenas 8% e a produção de etanol não foi observada. A modelagem fenomenológica mostrou que os dados experimentais foram melhor representados pelo modelo, o qual considerou a ocorrência de uma fase de latência no início do segundo ciclo e indicou fortemente a inibição do metabolismo pelo acúmulo do produto. A levedura K. marxianus recuperou seu metabolismo fermentativo e voltou a produzir etanol, demonstrando o papel relevante da remoção do produto na melhoria do processo.
9

Hyperacusis and Misophonia Discrimination Scale (HMDS): a Validation Study

van Tussenbroek, Fay, Morales Gutiérrez, Silvia Estela January 2024 (has links)
Misophonia and hyperacusis are relatively unknown and misunderstood auditory sensitivityconditions. Misophonia is characterised by strong negative emotional reactions to sounds andsound patterns, depending on the meaning or context of the sound. Hyperacusis is characterizedby negative reactions to sounds, depending on the physical characteristics of the sounds (e.g.,frequency and intensity). Research often fails to distinguish misophonia from hyperacusis, andresearch on both conditions is scare. Moreover, there are insufficient tools available to assessand study misophonia and hyperacusis. The purpose of the current study was topsychometrically validate the Hyperacusis and Misophonia Discrimination Scale (HMDS).The goal of this self-report measure was to discriminate people with hyperacusis from peoplewith misophonia. Various analyses were used to assess the reliability and validity of thequestionnaire. A total of 249 participants completed the online questionnaire. Results indicatedan excellent reliability using Cronbach’s alpha and group and item comparisons showed thediscriminatory effectiveness of the HMDS. However, the results of a factor analysis indicateda complex underlying factor structure which did not provide a sufficient fit to the data,suggesting that the dimensions of the questionnaire require further refinement to effectivelydifferentiate between misophonia and hyperacusis. Based on the results, a revision to theHMDS is presented and future research should explore the psychometric properties of thisrevised scale as well as validate the HMDS with participants who have undergone a clinicalscreening in order to confirm their status. / Misofoni och hyperakusis är relativt okända och missförstådda tillstånd av auditiv känslighet.Misofoni kännetecknas av starka negativa känslomässiga reaktioner på ljud och ljudmönster,beroende på ljudets betydelse eller sammanhang. Hyperakusis kännetecknas av negativareaktioner på ljud, beroende på ljudets fysiska egenskaper (t.ex. frekvens och intensitet).Forskningen misslyckas ofta med att skilja misofoni från hyperakusis, och forskningen ombåda tillstånden är knapphändig. Dessutom finns det inte tillräckligt med verktyg för attbedöma och studera misofoni och hyperakusis. Syftet med den aktuella studien var attpsykometriskt validera Hyperacusis and Misophonia Discrimination Scale (HMDS). Måletmed detta självrapportmått var att skilja personer med hyperakusis från personer med misofoni.Olika analyser användes för att bedöma frågeformulärets tillförlitlighet och giltighet. Totalt249 deltagare fyllde i onlineformuläret. Resultaten visade på en utmärkt tillförlitlighet enligtCronbachs alfa och jämförelser mellan grupper och objekt visade på HMDS diskriminerandeeffektivitet. Resultaten av en faktoranalys indikerade emellertid en komplex underliggandefaktorstruktur som inte gav en tillräcklig passning till data, vilket tyder på att frågeformuläretsdimensioner kräver ytterligare förfining för att effektivt skilja mellan misofoni ochhyperakusis. Baserat på resultaten presenteras en revidering av HMDS och framtida forskningbör utforska de psykometriska egenskaperna hos denna reviderade skala samt validera HMDSmed deltagare som har genomgått en klinisk screening för att bekräfta sin status.
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Diagnósticos de enfermagem de débito cardíaco diminuído e volume excessivo de líquidos : validação clínica em pacientes com insuficiência cardíaca descompensada

Barth, Quenia Camille Martins January 2008 (has links)
Introdução: O Débito Cardíaco Diminuído e o Volume Excessivo de Líquidos são os principais diagnósticos de Enfermagem (DE) presentes em pacientes admitidos com insuficiência cardíaca (IC) descompensada. A avaliação e determinação das características definidoras (CD) destes diagnósticos são fundamentais para orientar as intervenções de enfermagem adequadas e preconizadas para estes pacientes. A validação clínica das CD destes diagnósticos permanecem inexploradas no contexto da IC descompensada. Objetivo: Validar clinicamente as CD dos DE Débito Cardíaco Diminuído e Volume Excessivo de Líquidos em pacientes com IC descompensada. Métodos: Estudo transversal contemporâneo realizado de janeiro a junho de 2007 em hospital universitário em Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul. Para a validação clínica utilizou-se- um instrumento contendo as CD dos diagnósticos em estudo, aplicado por duas enfermeiras peritas em cardiologia. Incluiu-se pacientes com fração de ejeção do ventrículo esquerdo  45% e que obtiveram oito ou mais pontos, conforme os critérios de Boston para classificação de IC descompensada. Para a validação do diagnóstico Volume Excessivo de Líquidos incluiu-se pacientes com disfunção sistólica ou diastólica Resultados da validação do DE Débito Cardíaco Diminuído: Incluiu-se 29 pacientes com idade média de 61 + 14 anos; 15 (51%) sexo masculino; fração de ejeção média de 28% + 9; De acordo com a taxa de fidedignidade (R) entre as peritas, as CD consideradas maiores (R ≥ 0,80) para a validação do diagnóstico foram a fadiga (R=1), a fração de ejeção do ventrículo esquerdo diminuída (R=1), a dispnéia (R=0,96), o edema (R= 0,95), a ortopnéia (R= 0,95), a dispnéia paroxística noturna (R=0,88) e a pressão venosa central elevada (R=0,85). As características consideradas como menores ou secundárias foram o ganho de peso (R=0,78), a distenção da veia jugular (R=0,74), as palpitações (R=0,71), a oligúria (R=0,67), a tosse (R=0,63), a pele fria e pegajosa (R=0,61) e as mudanças na cor da pele (R=0,52). Resultados da validação do DE Volume Excessivo de Líquidos: Incluiu-se 32 pacientes com idade média de 60,5 + 14,3 anos; 17 (53%) sexo masculino; fração de ejeção média de 31% + 11,5. Seguindo a taxa de fidedignidade (R) entre as peritas, as CD consideradas maiores (R ≥ 0,80) para a validação do diagnóstico Volume Excessivo de Líquidos foram a dispnéia (R=0,97), a ortopnéia (R=0,95), o edema (R= 0,91), o refluxo hepatojugular positivo (R=0,90), a dispnéia paroxística noturna (R=0,88), a congestão pulmonar (R=0,87) e a pressão venosa central elevada (R=0,85). As características consideradas como menores ou secundárias foram o ganho de peso (R=0,79), a hepatomegalia (R=0,78), a distenção da veia jugular (R=0,76), as crepitações (R=0,66), a oligúria (R=0,63) e o hematócrito e a hemoglobina diminuídos (R=0,51). Conclusão: Demonstrou-se neste estudo que as características definidoras com R entre 0,50 e 1 foram validadas para os diagnósticos Débito Cardíaco Diminuído e Volume Excessivo de Líquidos em pacientes com IC descompensada. / Introduction: Decreased Cardiac Output and Fluid Volume Excess are the major nursing diagnoses (ND) among patients with decompensated heart failure (DHF). The assessment and determination of the defining characteristics (DC) of those diagnoses are crucial for selecting the appropriate nursing interventions indicated for these patients. The clinical validation of the DC of those diagnoses has not been investigated in the context of DHF. Purpose: To clinically validate the DC of Decreased Cardiac Output and Fluid Volume Excess ND in patients with DHF. Methods: Cross-sectional study conducted from January to June 2007 at a teaching hospital in Porto Alegre, state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. A questionnaire containing the DC of the diagnoses, applied by two nurses with expertise in cardiology, was used for clinical validation. To validate Decreased Cardiac Output ND were included patients with left ventricle ejection fraction  45% whose scores, according to the Boston criteria for classification of DHF, were 8 or higher were included in the study. To validate Fluid Volume Excess ND were included patients with systolic or diastolic dysfunction. Results of validate Decreased Cardiac Output ND: A total of 29 patients with mean age of 61+14 years; 15 (51%) male patients; and patients with mean ejection fraction of 28%+9 were included. Based on the reliability index (R) between the experts, the major DC (R ≥ 0.80) for the validation of the ND were fatigue (R=1), decreased left ventricle ejection fraction (R=1), dyspnea (R=0.96), edema (R= 0.95), orthopnea (R= 0.95), paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea (R=0.88) and elevated central venous pressure (R=0.85). Minor or secondary characteristics were weight gain (R=0.78), jugular vein distension (R=0.74), palpitations (R=0.71), oliguria (R=0.67), cough (R=0.63), cold clammy skin (R=0.61) and changes in skin color (R=0.52). Results of validate Fluid Volume Excess ND: A total of 32 patients with mean age of 60.5+14.3 years; 17 (53%) male patients; and patients with mean ejection fraction of 31%+11.5 were included. Based on the reliability index (R) between the experts, the major DC (R ≥ 0.80) for the validation of the fluid overload ND were dyspnea (R=0.97), orthopnea (R=0.95), edema (R= 0.91), positive hepatojugular reflux (R=0.90), paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea (R=0.88), pulmonary congestion (R=0.87) and elevated central venous pressure (R=0.85). Minor or secondary characteristics were weight gain (R=0.79), hepatomegaly (R=0.78), jugular vein distension (R=0.76), rales (R=0.66), oliguria (R=0.63) and low hematocrit and hemoglobin levels (R=0.51).Conclusion: This study showed that the major defining characteristics with R between 0,50 and 1 were validated for the diagnoses of decreased cardiac output or Fluid Volume Excess in patients with DHF. / Introducción: Débito Cardíaco Disminuido y Volumen Excesivo de Líquidos son los principales diagnósticos de Enfermería (DE) presentes en pacientes admitidos con insuficiencia cardiaca (IC) descompensada. La evaluación y determinación de las características definidoras (CD) de estos diagnóstico son fundamentales para orientar las intervenciones de enfermería adecuadas y recomendadas a los pacientes. La validación clínica de las CD de estos diagnósticos permanece inexplorada en el contexto de la IC descompensada. Objetivo: Validar clínicamente las CD de los DE Débito Cardíaco Disminuido y Volumen Excesivo de Líquidos en pacientes con IC descompensada. Métodos: Estudio transversal contemporáneo, realizado de enero a junio de 2007, en hospital universitario en Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Para la validación clínica, se utilizó un instrumento conteniendo las CD de los diagnósticos, aplicado por dos enfermeras peritas en cardiología. Se incluyeron pacientes con fracción de eyección del ventrículo izquierdo  45% y que obtuvieron ocho o más puntos, conforme a los criterios de Boston para la clasificación de IC descompensada. Para la validacíon de el DE Volume Excessivo de Líquidos se incluyeron pacientes com con disfunción sistólica o diastólica. Resultados de la validación de el diagnóstico Débito Cardíaco Diminuído: Se incluyeron 29 pacientes con edad media de 61±14 años; 15 (51%) del sexo masculino; fracción de eyección media del 28%±9. Conforme a la tasa de fidedignidad (R) entre las peritas, las CD consideradas mayores (R ≥ 0,80) para la validación del diagnóstico fueron la fatiga (R=1), la fracción de eyección del ventrículo izquierdo reducida (R=1), la disnea (R=0,96), el edema (R+0,95), la ortonea (R=0,95), la disnea paroxística nocturna (R=0,88) y la presión venosa central elevada (R=0,85). Las características consideradas como menores o secundarias fueron la ganancia de peso (R=0,78), la distensión de la vena yugular (R=0,74), las palpitaciones (R=0,71), la oliguria (R=0,67), la tos (R=0,63), la piel fría y pegajosa (R=0,61) y los cambios en el color de la piel (R=0,52). Resultados de la validación de el diagnóstico Volumen Excesivo de Líquidos: Se incluyeron 32 pacientes con edad media de 60,5±14,3 años; 17 (53%) del sexo masculino; fracción de eyección media de 31%±11,5. Siguiendo la tasa de fidedignidad (R) entre las peritas, las CD consideradas mayores (R ≥ 0,80) para la validación del diagnóstico Volumen Excesivo de Líquidos fueron la disnea (R=0,97), la ortonea (R=0,95), el edema (R=0,91), el reflujo hepatoyugular positivo (R=0,90), la disnea paroxística nocturna (R=0,88), la congestión pulmonar (R=0,87) y la presión venosa central elevada (R=0,85). Las características consideradas como menores o secundarias fueron la ganancia de peso (R=0,79), la hepatomegalia (R=0,78), la distensión de la vena yugular (R=0,76), las crepitaciones (R=0,66), la oliguria (R=0,63) y el hematocrito y hemoglobina disminuidos (R=0,51). Conclusión: Se demostró, en este estudio, que las características definidoras con R entre 0,50 y 1 fueron validadas para el diagnóstico Débito Cardíaco Disminuido o Volumen Excesivo de Líquidos en pacientes con IC descompensada.

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