Adolescent delinquent behavior accounts for many problems in society and is affected by numerous factors. Factors examined by the current study include parenting, peer influences, religious influences, ethnicity, and gender. Participants consisted of 438 students (males = 176, females = 262) enrolled at Mississippi State University. Participants were Caucasian (71.9%), African American (23.1%), Hispanic (2.1%), Asian (1.1%), and other (1.6%) ethnicities. Delinquent behavior was correlated positively with permissive parenting and negatively with parental warmth and authoritative parenting. Delinquent behavior was correlated negatively with peer trust, communication, and positively with friends’ delinquent behavior. Additionally, intrinsic religiosity and strength of religious faith were correlated negatively with delinquent behavior. With all factors examined simultaneously in a regression, friends’ delinquent behavior was the strongest predictor and maternal permissive parenting remained significant. These results suggest more attention should be given to the dynamics of the transmission of delinquent behavior within a youth’s group of friends.

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This Diploma Thesis deals with crime prevention, especially with psychological aspects of this interdisciplinary field. The content of this work is divided in two main sections, theoretical and research section. The theoretical section introduces basic concepts of crime prevention, criminogenic theory and the most important psychological aspects of criminality. The research section monitors 18 selected psychological criminogenic factors that are evaluated by respondents from the professional community according to the importance for the development of delinquent behavior and according to the possibility of their elimination by psychological instruments. Recommendations of psychological interventions suitable for the elimination of criminogenic factors and a personal experience in this field are attached by research respondents too. Summary of findings provides background for the use of psychological interventions in crime prevention practice.

Um ponto crítico na Justiça Juvenil é a tendência em oferecer respostas indiferenciadas aos adolescentes em conflito com a Lei e às suas problemáticas, baseadas, na maior parte das vezes, na aferição da gravidade jurídica do ato infracional. A necessidade de diferenciar os modos de intervenção em função das características e necessidades dos autores é tanto mais importante quanto mais se sabe que os comportamentos divergentes e delituosos constituem um acontecimento normal na adolescência, na maior parte dos casos. A literatura indica que apenas um pequeno grupo de jovens apresenta comportamento infracional persistente, sendo esse volumoso e diversificado. Sabe-se que distinguir corretamente esses adolescentes daqueles que cometem atos antissociais passageiros, próprios da fase desenvolvimental, é ação crucial à orientação das políticas públicas na área. Sendo assim, realizou-se o estudo aqui apresentado, servindo-se do método da Delinquência Autorrevelada, em um levantamento de corte transversal, com uma amostra de adolescentes da população, recrutados em escolas públicas (133), e em uma amostra de adolescentes judicializados (60), recrutados em programas de execução de medida judicial, com os seguintes objetivos: 1) estimar a prevalência de adolescentes apresentando comportamentos divergentes e delituosos nas duas amostras; 2) determinar os comportamentos delituosos mais frequentes e a frequência com a qual teriam sido emitidos nas duas amostras; 3) identificar subgrupos de adolescentes na amostra total em termos de engajamento infracional, considerando a idade do primeiro delito, a diversidade de delitos praticados e o volume de delitos no último ano; 4) identificar e descrever variáveis pessoais e sociais distinguindo os subgrupos com maior engajamento infracional dos demais adolescentes. Destaca-se como principais resultados que 82% dos adolescentes escolares revelaram algum ato divergente e 77% algum delito. Entre os adolescentes judicializados, todos revelaram a manifestação das duas formas de comportamento, sendo que a diversidade e o volume de atos delituosos praticados neste grupo foi aproximadamente o dobro do verificado nos adolescentes escolares. Dano (vandalismo) e furto em estabelecimento comercial são os delitos mais reportados pelos adolescentes. Tratando as duas amostras juntas, pelas técnicas de agrupamento Ward e K-means, foi possível distinguir cinco agrupamentos tendo por base o nível de engajamento infracional dos indivíduos. O primeiro caracterizou-se por possuir atividade delituosa nula, e o quinto por possuir o mais alto nível de engajamento infracional. Neste subgrupo, a idade média de início dessa atividade foi a de 9 anos, o número médio delitos praticados pelos adolescentes foi de 9 e quantidade média de delitos praticados só no último ano teria sido de 23 delitos. Nos outros três subgrupos, o engajamento infracional foi menor que o verificado no quinto agrupamento. Ademais, as comparações entre grupos no tocante às variáveis de natureza psicossociais indicaram que quanto maior o engajamento infracional, maiores os déficits/problemas experimentados pelos jovens. Os resultados encontrados vão ao encontro das proposições da literatura e, especialmente, reiteraram os postulados do referencial teórico adotado, atinentes à Teoria Geral da Regulação do Fenômeno Criminal, de Marc Le Blanc. / A critical issue in the Juvenile Justice System is the tendency to offer undifferentiated responses to young offenders and their problems, based on the most part in the legal assessment of severity of offense on trial. The need to differentiate the types of intervention depending on the characteristics of the authors is more important as more it is known that antissocial acts constitute a typical behavior in the adolescence, in most cases. The scientific literature indicate that only a small group of young people exhibits persistent delinquency, characterized by high frequency and diversification of types. Thus, it is known that properly distinguish those adolescents who commit antisocial acts of those who commit acts passengers, it is crucial for guiding public policy actions. Therefore, we carried out the study presented here, drawing on Self-Report Delinquency method, on a cross-sectional survey with a population sample of adolescents, recruited from public schools (133), and in a sample of adjudicated adolescents (60) recruited from the execution of a judicial programs, with the following objectives: 1) to estimate the prevalence of people presenting divergent and criminal behavior in the two samples; 2) determine the most frequent criminal behavior and the frequency with which they had been issued in the two samples; 3) identify subgroups of adolescents in the total sample in terms of criminal engagement, considering the age of the first offense, the diversity of offenses committed and the number of offenses in the last year; 4) identify and describe personal and social variables distinguishing subgroups with greater criminal engagement of other teenagers. The results show that 82% of scholar adolescents reported some divergent act and 77% wrongdoing. All adjudicated boys reported both forms of behavior, and the diversity and volume of criminal acts in this group was about twice that of the scholar adolescents. Vandalism and shoplifting are the two offenses most reported by all adolescents. Treating both sample together, by Ward and K-means clustering techniques, we distinguished five groups based on the level of criminal engagement of individuals. The first was characterized by having null criminal activity, and the fifth for having the highest level of infraction engagement. In this subgroup, the mean age of onset of this activity was to nine years, the average number crimes committed by adolescents was 9 and average number of crimes committed only in the last year was 23 offenses. In the other three subgroups, criminal engagement was lower than that observed in the fifth cluster. Furthermore, comparisons between groups with respect to the nature of psychosocial variables indicated that the greater the criminal engagement, higher deficits / problems experienced by youths. The results corroborate the propositions of literature and especially reiterated the postulates of the theoretical framework adopted (General Theory of Regulation of Criminal Phenomenon, Marc Le Blanc).

The purpose of the study was to find out if the influential arrangements that is given to convicted delinquents between 15-17 years old is practised because they have evidence or if it is based on other grounds. The research questions were answered with the help of a questionnaire and interviews. The questionnaire was sent to all 290 local authorities whereof 52 answered the questions. The result indicated difficulties to get information regarding which arrangements that is being used, the local authorities have various ways of working and the programs and/or routines they use make it hard to access statistics. The most common influential arrangements were programs made by the local authorities themselves, which brings difficulties with the evidence of treatment effects. Interviews were carried out with three persons from social services who work with delinquents. The results showed that the choices were made on the basis of guidelines if there were any available, otherwise out of a feeling or experience. The conclusion was that there often seems to be a consideration regarding the evidence of treatment effects when arrangements are chosen, but that the choice many times still occur based on other premisses. / Studiens syfte var att utröna om de påverkande insatser som erläggs dömda ungdomsbrottslingar 15-17 år används för att de har evidens eller om valet vilar på andra grunder. Forskningsfrågorna besvarades med hjälp av enkät och intervjuer. Enkäten skickades till samtliga Sveriges 290 kommuner varav 52 svarade på frågorna. Resultatet visade på svårigheter att få tillförlitlig information om vilka insatser som används, kommunerna arbetar olika och de program och/eller rutiner som används gör det svårt att ta fram statistik. De vanligast förekommande påverkansinsaterna var egenkomponerade program, vilket medför svårigheter med kontroll av evidensen. Intervjuer utfördes med tre personer från socialtjänsten som arbetar med unga lagöverträdare. Resultatet visade att valet baseras på riktlinjer där sådana finns, annars tas egna beslut utifrån känsla och erfarenhet. Slutsatsen blev att det många gånger finns en tanke kring evidens när insatser ska väljas, men att valet ändå ofta sker på andra premisser.

Cette thèse étudie un volet méconnu de la réforme catholique. Grâce à l’étude d’un peu moins de 200 procédures judiciaires instruites par la justice ecclésiastique au XVIIe siècle à l’encontre de curés déviants du diocèse de Beauvais, notre recherche entend appréhender le rôle du tribunal ecclésiastique (l’officialité) dans le processus de disciplinement du clergé paroissial. Organisée en trois parties (« Les siècles des désordres » ; « Le curé délinquant dans son milieu paroissial » ; « Le curé délinquant face à ses juges »), la thèse démontre que, loin d’être marginalisée, l’officialité diocésaine de Beauvais parvient à maintenir ses prérogatives sur les prêtres, sans voir son champ de compétences contesté par les juridictions laïques. La justice de l’évêque fonctionne le plus souvent selon les mêmes principes que la justice royale, en cherchant plus à concilier et à réformer qu’à punir. La sentence de l’official, toujours lourde, n’est finalement prononcée que lorsque le curé a prouvé qu’il était incapable de s’amender malgré de multiples rappels à l’ordre. Les curés délinquants ayant maille à partir avec la justice épiscopale ont un profil particulier. Issus des milieux les moins défavorisés, formés « sur le tas », ils sont très souvent originaires d’un diocèse étranger et appartiennent tous – ou presque – aux générations antérieures à la mise en place du séminaire diocésain. Grâce à des soutiens nombreux et variés dans leur paroisse, les curés aux mœurs dissolues parviennent à se maintenir dans leur cure pendant de longues années avant que les scandales ne provoquent leur disgrâce. La vie religieuse de la paroisse n’est pas fortement perturbée par l’inconduite du curé comme le montrent les registres paroissiaux, les fonds des fabriques et les dossiers de paroisses. Contrairement aux discours alarmants tenus par certains plaignants, les ouailles ne se détournent pas de l’église à la suite des scandales et ne remettent pas en cause la validité des sacrements administrés par le curé. / This dissertation examines a little known part of the Catholic reformation. Thanks to the study of not less than 200 cases against deviant priests investigated by ecclesiastical courts in the diocese of Beauvais in the XVIIth century, our research tries to understand the part played by ecclesiastical courts (i.e. « officialités ») in the process of controlling parish priests. This dissertation is divided into three parts – « The Centuries of Disorders », « The Delinquent Priest in his Parish » and « The Delinquent Priest in Court » - and shows that, far from being marginalised, the Beauvais ecclesiastical court succeeds in keeping its prerogatives over priests without seeing its sphere of competence challenged by secular courts. Most of the time, the bishop’s judicial decisions work according to the same principles as the King’s, trying to reconcile and reform rather than to punish. The sentence of the judicial vicar (the « officialis ») is always severe and eventually only handed down when the priest showed he was unable to mend his ways in spite of numerous warnings. The deliquent priests who are at odds with the bishop’s justice have a distinctive profile. They come from the least underprivileged backgrounds, they were trained « on the job », they often come from a foreign diocese and all, or almost all, belong to generations living before the setting up of diocesan seminaries. Thanks to multitudinous and varied support from their parish, the morally depraved priests manage to remain in the place for many years before scandals cause them fall into disfavour. The religious life in the area is not greatly disturbed by the misbehaviour of the priest as the parish records and files as well as the mill resources show. Unlike the alarming speech of some plaintiffs, the flock doesn’t turn away from the Church after the scandals nor questions the validity of the sacraments administered by the priest.

Kaip teigiama Statistikos departamento prie Lietuvos Respublikos Vyriausybės, Lietuvoje įkalinimo bausmę, pataisos namuose, atlieka 8000, už įvairius nusikaltimus nuteistų asmenų1. Toks pats, arba labai artimas tam skaičius buvo ir 2009 metais. Pasak, Euro stato2, kriminalinės statistikos duomenų bazės suvestinės sudaro 230 nuteistųjų, 100000 Lietuvos gyventojų. To paties šaltinio teigimu, pagal šį skaičių, Lietuva patenka į pirmą, didžiausią kalinių skaičių turinčių valstybių dešimtuką. Lietuvoje, kaip ir daugumoje postsovietinių šalių, laisvės atėmimas yra dažniausiai taikoma bausmė. Įkalinimo laikas yra pakankamai ilgas, per jį asmuo praranda ryšius su šeima, draugais. Jis nebetenka iki įkalinimo bausmės, turėtų profesinių sugebėjimų, o dažnai jų ir visai nėra turėjęs. Ryšių su artimiausia aplinka praradimas, ilgas įkalinimo bausmės laikas apsunkina šių asmenų sėkmingą integraciją, skatina kartotinį nusikalstamumą.Problema: Lietuvoje įkalinimo bausmės laikas yra ilgas. Per įkalinimo laikotarpį žmogus praranda ryšius su šeima, visuomene, praranda iki įkalinimo turėtus darbinius įgūdžius.Problema: Lietuvoje įkalinimo bausmės laikas yra ilgas. Per įkalinimo laikotarpį žmogus praranda ryšius su šeima, visuomene, praranda iki įkalinimo turėtus darbinius įgūdžius.Nagrinėjama tema yra aktuali visuomenei, kadangi pilniausiai atspindi nusikalstamumo fenomeną. Žmogus, gyvenantis visuomenėje dažniausiai dėl nepalankių aplinkybių šeimoje, artimiausioje aplinkoje, nepakankamai... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / 1. During the investigation a hypothesis has been confirmed that the repeated criminality of the persons who served imprisonment sentence is connected with the duration of the sentence and the demerit of the successful resocialiasation process of the persons who are punished with the imprisonment sentences. 2. When reviewing scientific literature it has become clear that the state defines the direction of its activity in the following way: it expresses its will through the nation’s legally selected representatives and also seeks to defend the mankind from criminal actions. This is called politics. The population defence is carried out through criminal and sentence prosecution policies. Both of them form social politics. Criminal policy defines criminal actions. Sentence prosecution policy deals with the state Criminal policy but it is being realized in the sentence prosecution and commitment sphere. The aim of these policies is population defence. The state Sentence prosecution policy being carried out through the branch of Penitentiary law is called sentence prosecution or penitentiary law. Penitentiary law deals with social relationships which appear when prosecuting or serving the sentences. As it is obvious from the sources of penitentiary law, the aim of this sentence is not only to put the criminal into prison or to restore legitimacy but also to influence him not to commit crimes in the future. Penitentiary law fulfills its function only in connection with other... [to full text]

The purpose of this investigation was to develop a descriptive profile of both adjudicated and nonadjudicated adolescents educated in a juvenile center/school for delinquent and/or maladapted youth in order to (a) disclose the characteristics of the contemporary adolescent delinquent educated in a community based facility with both day and residential components, (b) discern any differences in demographic data, scholastic data, handicapping conditions, and delinquent behaviors among handicapped and nonhandicapped adolescents with delinquent or maladaptive behaviors, and (c) discover the prevalence by types of handicaps exhibited by this population since the implementation of Public Law 94-142. The subjects for the study were 102 adolescents educated in a juvenile center/school during September 1, 1981, through August 31, 1982.